Kuwania raygilli

Wu, San’An, Nan, Nan, Gullan, Penny & Deng, Jun, 2013, The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California, Zootaxa 3630 (2), pp. 291-307 : 300-304

Kuwania raygilli Wu & Gullan, sp. nov.

Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) ; Gill, 1986: 228; 1990: 62; 1991: 12; 1993: 38–39. [misidentification]

Material examined. HOLOTYPE: adult female, USA: California, Yolo County, Davis, University of California campus, near Academic Surge Building on the bark of Quercus lobata, 2 May 2012, Coll. R.J. Gill (BME). PARATYPES: 5 adult females (on 2 slides) and 9 intermediate-stage females (on 3 slides), same data as holotype (2 adult females on 1 slide and 5 intermediate-stage females on 2 slides in BFUC, 3 adult females on slide with holotype and 4 intermediate-stage females in BME); 1 adult female (DNA voucher Kuw1 of L.G. Cook), USA: California, roadside near Lake Berryessa, under bark of Quercus sp., 6 November 1998, P.J. Gullan (ANIC); 1 adult female (DNA voucher LGC00351), USA: California, Yolo County, Davis, UCD campus, W of Academic Surge Building, ex trunk of Quercus lobata, June 2005, T. Kondo (ANIC); 7 adult females (on 3 slides), 3 intermediate-stage females (on 2 slides) and many first-instar nymphs (on 4 slides), USA: California, Yolo County, Davis, UCD campus, W of Academic Surge Building, on the bark of Quercus lobata, 9 July 2001, Coll. P.J. Gullan (3 in ANIC, 1 in BJUC, 4 in BME and 1 in USNM).

Etymology. This new species is named in honour of Raymond J. Gill, who first described and illustrated this species and provided specimens for our project.

ADULT FEMALE ( Fig. 4 ) (n=9)

Unmounted material. Bright red, with a dorsal mass of white waxen threads (Gill, 1993).

Mounted material. Body elongate-oval, somewhat broadened toward posterior apex, 1.58–2.78 (holotype 2.78) mm long and 1.05–1.78 (holotype 1.78) mm wide. Derm membranous with segments distinct. Eyes present, mouthparts wanting. Antennae placed close together on apex of head but without contiguous bases, 9 segmented; basal segment much enlarged, cone-like, with many short fine hair-like setae in middle part and a sclerotized bar on dorsal surface; segment II trapezoidal or cylindrical, with a 3- or 4-seta wide band of short fine hair-like setae and 3 or 4 campaniform sensilla apically; segments III–VIII bowl-like, constricted at base of each segment, with a whorl of long fine hair-like setae apically, segment V–VIII also each with 2 thin-walled pegs (fleshy setae); apical segment ovoid, with 5 or 6 thin-walled pegs (fleshy setae), about 6 long hair-like setae and one pair of coeloconic sensilla at apex; basal segment longest, nearly 1/4 total length of antennae; segment lengths (μm): I 95 –133, II 38 –65, III 28–45, IV 28–43, V 30–45, VI 30–40, VII 30–40, VIII 28–40, IX 50 –75. Legs moderately developed; coxa stout, with a group of 20–25 small setae on each surface; trochanter with 4–8 campaniform sensilla, arranged in group or in line (of 100 trochanters examined, 62 with sensilla in group and 38 in a line) and 7–10 short hair-like seta on each surface; femur thickest segment; tibia with a tuft of about 7–11 clubbed setae at ventral distal end; tarsus one-segmented, curved; claw with a denticle and 2 acute digitules, each about 1/2 length of claw. Lengths (μm): fore legs: coxa 58–90, trochanter 40–73, femur 98–148, tibia 115–168, tarsus 70–103, claw 25–35; middle legs: coxa 63–100, trochanter 50–73, femur 100–153, tibia 128 –195, tarsus 75–115, claw 28–38; hind legs: coxa 68–105, trochanter 45–70, femur 108–155, tibia 138–218, tarsus 80–120, claw 28–38; ratio of length of trochanter + femur to length of tibia + tarsus of hind leg 1:1.43–1.55; ratio of length of tibia to tarsus of hind leg 1.71–1.89:1. Thoracic spiracles with sclerotized bar and with spiracular atrium 13–18 μm in diameter; atrium without disc pores; abdominal spiracles in 6 pairs on margin of abdominal sterna I–VI, smaller than thoracic spiracles, each with atrium 9–10 μm in diameter, with or without disc pore within atrium (of 104 abdominal spiracles examined, 61 without disc pore, 42 with one disc pore and only one with two disc pores). Anal ring circular, subapical, near anterior edge of last abdominal tergum. Vulva on ventromedial abdomen between segments VII and VIII.

Dorsum. Disc pores of one type only, each about 5 μm in diameter, with a rather deeply invaginated centre and 5–8 outer loculi (usually 7 or 8); numerous, forming a transverse row or band on each segment; more numerous toward margin and posterior apex. Setae tiny and slender, each about 5–9 μm long, mainly present in multilocular pore bands.

Venter. Disc pores of two types: (1) large multilocular disc pores, each 6–7 µm in diameter, with a rather deeply invaginated centre and 8–10 outer loculi (usually 10), mostly distributed in a large group on abdominal sterna VII and VIII; (2) small multilocular disc pores, of similar size and structure as on dorsum, distributed over most of ventral surface except last abdominal segments. Setae of 2 sizes, larger each 22–53 μm long, a few near coxae; smaller setae same as on dorsum, scattered on all ventral surfaces.

Remarks. The adult female of this new species is very similar to that of K. bipora , but can be distinguished by having each large type of multilocular disc pore with 8–10 outer loculi (usually 10) and each small type of multilocular disc pore with 5–7 outer loculi (usually 7), whereas in K. bipora , each large type of multilocular disc pore has 7 or 8 outer loculi (usually 8) and each small type of multilocular disc pore has 6 or 7 outer loculi (usually 6). Despite these apparently small morphological differences, K. raygilli and K. bipora differ genetically from each other by as much as either differs from K. quercus ( Table 2 ). Furthermore, K. bipora is known only from China and K. raygilli only from California.

FIRST-INSTAR NYMPH ( Fig. 5 ) (n=11)

Unmounted material. None available.

Mounted material. Body oval, 0.32–0.39 mm long and 0.12–0.15 mm wide. Eyes present, round and prominent, each 8–10 µm in diameter. Mouthparts well developed, with long stylets, labium 2 segmented. Antennae close together at base, 6 segmented, 93–103 μm long, apex club-shaped; basal segment large and conelike, segment III cylindrical, segment II narrow ring-like with 1 campaniform sensillum; segments IV and IV also narrow ring-like; apical segment broadest and longest, elongate ovoid, with 3 thin-walled pegs (fleshy setae), 4 long hair-like setae and one pair of coeloconic sensilla at apex. Length of antennal segments (μm): I 20–23, II 8– 10, III 10–14, IV 7–9, V 9–10, VI 34 –38. Legs developed, thick and short; trochanter with 2 campaniform sensilla on each surface; femur enlarged; tibia and tarsus fused; claw thick and curved, with a subapical denticle; with a pair of knobbed claw digitules, longer than claw. Lengths (μm): fore legs: coxa 12–14, trochanter+ femur 33–37, tibia + tarsus 25–29, claw 10–11; middle legs: coxa 12–14, trochanter+ femur 33–36, tibia + tarsus 25–28, claw 11–12; hind legs: coxa 14–15, trochanter+ femur 34–38, tibia + tarsus 30–31, claw 11–12; length of trochanter + femur is 1.2 times that of tibia + tarsus. Thoracic spiracle without sclerotized bar and with no disc pores within atrium; abdominal spiracles apparently absent. Anus circular, subapical, located dorsally on anterior part of last abdominal segment. Posterior end of body with a pair of long hair-like apical setae, each 98–125 μm long, about one-third length of body.

Dorsum. Prothorax with one pair of long hair-like setae on margin, each 42–48 μm long. Short setae, each 4.0–5.0μm long, forming marginal and submedian longitudinal rows on dorsal surface. Disc pores of one type: discoidal pore each about 5μm in diameter, 14–16 in number, on margin of dorsum, distributed as follows: head with one pair near base of antennae; prothorax with 1 or 2 pairs; abdominal segments I, IV, VI, VII and VIII each with one pair; occasionally pore missing on one side of abdominal segment IV.

Venter. With 5 pairs of long hair-like setae: 3 pairs on submedian area of thorax, lateral to each leg coxa and each 10–12 μm long; one pair submedially on venter behind coxa of fore leg, each 48–56 μm long, and one pair on submedian ventral surface of last abdominal segment, each 14–18 μm long. Short setae, each 5.0–6.0 μm long, forming marginal and abdominal submedian longtidudinal rows. Disc pores of 2 types: (1) multilocular disc pores each 4.0–5.0 μm in diameter with 6 loculi, 4 in number, with one near each thoracic spiracle; (2) discoidal pores, each about 1.5 μm in diameter, only 2 in number, present in front of long hair-like setae on submedian ventral surface of last segment.

Remarks. The first-instar nymph of this new species is very similar to that of K. bipora , but can be distinguished by having one pair of discoidal pores on the margin of abdominal segment IV and one pair of long hair-like setae submedially on the ventral prothorax (none on K. bipora ).

INTERMEDIATE-STAGE FEMALE ( Fig. 6 ) (n=9)

Unmounted material. Bright red, covered with a hard greyish or white waxen cell that blends well with colour of surrounding bark; usually hidden under rough, loosened bark (Gill, 1993).

Mounted material. Body on slide broadly oval, almost circular, 1.25–1.88 mm long, 1.05–1.55 mm wide; derm more or less sclerotised, with indistinct segmentation. Eyes absent. Mouthparts reduced, labium 2-segmented. Antennae reduced to small plate-like structures, each with 2 or 3 short thin-walled pegs (fleshy setae). Legs wholly absent. Thoracic spiracles, each with atrium 13–19 μm across; atrium with 4–7 multilocular pores, each pore 5–6 μm in diameter with 10 or 12 outer loculi. Abdominal spiracles in 6 pairs, one on each of anterior 6 abdominal segments, smaller than thoracic spiracles, each atrium 10–16 μm across with about 4–7 multilocular disc pores (same as those of thoracic spiracles). Anal ring circular, located subapically on dorsum.

Dorsum. Setae absent. Disc pore of 2 types: (1) multilocular disc pores, each 6–10 μm in diameter with 6–12 (mainly 10) outer loculi, numerous, mainly forming a broad longitudinal band along margin, each band becoming narrower and with fewer pores towards posterior end of body; also with few pores on median area of dorsum of abdomen; and (2) simple disc pores, each 4–5 μm in diameter, scarce, only on dorsal median area of body. Microducts [Gill (1993) illustrated this gland as a discoidal pore in fig. 20A] each about 6 μm long, 1.5μm wide, numerous, distributed over all dorsal surfaces

Venter. Derm with almost no setae, restricted to a small group of 5–7 small conical setae behind opening of each thoracic spiracle. Multilocular disc pore similar to those as on dorsum, forming a broad longitudinal band along margin. Microducts same as on dorsum, mainly present on middle area of venter.

Remarks. The intermediate-stage nymph is also close to that of K. bipora , but can be distinguished easily from the latter by the presence of numerous microducts on both surfaces of the body.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Kuwania raygilli Wu & Gullan sp. nov., adult female. A, antenna; B, a pair of coeloconic sensilla; C, thoracic spiracle; D, short ventral seta; E, abdominal spiracle; F, large type of multilocular disc pore, showing variation in locular number; G, hind leg; H, knobbed seta; I, claw; J, long ventral seta; K. small type of multilocular disc pore, showing variation in locular number; L, dorsal seta.

FIGURE 5. Kuwania raygilli Wu & Gullan sp. nov., first-instar nymph. A, a pair of coeloconic sensilla; B, multilocular disc pore; C, long ventral seta; D. claw of hind leg; E, short ventral seta; F, discoidal pore; G, dorsal seta.

FIGURE 6. Kuwania raygilli Wu & Gullan sp. nov., intermediate-stage female. A, conical seta; B, thoracic spiracle; C, multilocular disc pores in atrium of spiracle; D, abdominal spiracle; E, antenna; F, microduct; G. multilocular disc pores.