Sialidae, Leach, 1815

Ardila-Camacho, Adrian, Rivera-Gasperín, Sara Lariza, Martins, Caleb Califre & Contreras-Ramos, Atilano, 2021, A reappraisal of the taxonomy of Neotropical Sialidae (Insecta: Megaloptera): with the description of a new genus from Cuba, European Journal of Taxonomy 782, pp. 21-54 : 42-43

Key to world genera of Sialidae

(after Liu et al. (2015a) and Martins et al. (accepted); adults of † Sharasialis Ponomarenko, 2012 are unknown)

Taxa that contain only extinct species are preceded by a dagger (†); taxa that contain both extant and extinct species are followed by “(+ †)”; taxa that contain only extant species are unannotated.

1. Forewing: MA 2-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8a–c) ................................................................... 2

‒ Forewing: MA simple ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8g ‒i) ........................................................................... 6

2. Forewing: costal area only weakly broadened proximally (ca 1‒1.5× as wide as distal costal area) ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8a–b); MA1 and MA2 ca 0.8–1.5× as long as MP1 and MP2 (length from its origin to its end on posterior wing margin) ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8a–b) ......................................... 3

‒ Forewing: costal area distinctly broadened proximally (ca 2× as wide as distal costal area) ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8l); MA1 and MA2 ca 2× as long as MP1 and MP2 (length from its origin to its end on posterior wing margin) ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8l) .......................................................................... ..................................................................................... † Proindosialis van der Weele, 1909 ( France)

3. Forewing: ra-rp crossveins all more or less perpendicular to RA and RP ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8a, g); male abdomen: 10 th gonocoxites present (as a pair of weakly sclerotized lobes) ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 9a‒d) ........................................................................................................................................... 4

‒ Forewing: 1‒2 ra-rp crossveins inwardly oblique (i.e., proximal angle with RA >> distal angle with RA) ( Liu et al. 2015a: Fig. 8b–c ); male abdomen: 10 th gonocoxites absent ( Liu et al. 2015a: figs 10a‒d, 11a‒d) ............................................................................................................................. 5

4. Forewing: medio-cubital space with two crossveins ( Liu et al. 2015a: figs 1a, 8a); CuA 2-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a: figs 1a, 8a) ................................................. Austrosialis Tillyard, 1919 ( Australia)

‒ Forewing: medio-cubital space with one crossvein ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8j); CuA 3-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8j) ..................................... † Dobbertinia Handlirsch in Schröder, 1920 ( Germany)

5. Forewing: costal space with proximal subcostal veinlets not strongly oblique ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8b); male abdomen: tergite 9 without a digitiform posteroventral process ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 10c); ectoproct with spiniform setae ventrally ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 10d); female abdomen: gonocoxites 8 fused as a single sclerite ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 10f); gonapophyses 8 subtriangular in ventral view ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 10f) .............................................................................................. .................................................................................................. Stenosialis Tillyard, 1919 ( Australia)

‒ Forewing: costal space with (most) proximal subcostal veinlets strongly oblique ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8c); male abdomen: tergite 9 with a digitiform posteroventral process ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 11c); ectoproct without spiniform setae ventrally ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 11c); female abdomen: gonocoxites 8 paired ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 11f); gonapophyses 8 broadly shield-like in ventral view ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 11f) ................................................................................................................... ............................................... Leptosialis Esben-Petersen, 1920 part ( L. necopinata ) ( South Africa)

6. Fore and hindwing: RP 4-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8e, g); male abdomen: 9 th gonocoxites widely separated ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 16b, d) ................................................................................ 7

‒ Fore and hindwing: RP ≥ 5-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8h–i); male abdomen: 9 th gonocoxites closely adjacent medially ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 18h, l) ..................................................................... .......................................................... Sialis Latreille, 1802 (+†) (Asia, †Europe and North America)

7. Forewing: MP simple ( Liu et al. 2015a: figs 1c, 8e) ........................................................................ 8

‒ Forewing: MP 2-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8f–g) .................................................................. 10

8. Fore and hindwing: RP basal branch simple ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 1c) ............................................. ................................................... Leptosialis Esben-Petersen, 1920 part ( L. africana ) ( South Africa)

‒ Fore and hindwing: RP basal branch 2-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8e–f) ................................. 9

9. Hindwing: intramedial space with 2 crossveins ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8e); male abdomen: sternite 9 without an elongate median lobe ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 13b–c); ectoproct without an elongate and weakly sclerotized projection ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 13a, c) .............................................................. ............................................. Indosialis Lestage, 1927 (+†) (Southern Asia, east Pakistan, † Turkey)

‒ Hindwing: intramedial space with one crossvein ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8k); male abdomen: sternite 9 with an elongate median lobe ( Nel et al. 2002: fig. 5); ectoproct with an elongate and weakly sclerotized projection ( Nel et al. 2002: fig. 5) .............................† Eosialis Nel et al., 2002 ( France)

10. Male abdomen: gonostyli 9 absent ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 14c–d); gonocoxites 11 not fused laterally with ectoproct ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 14c–d); female abdomen: gonocoxites 8 without longitudinal median incision ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 15d) .....................................................................................11

‒ Male abdomen: gonostyli 9 present ( Figs 3‒5 ); gonocoxites 11 fused laterally with ectoproct ( Figs 3‒5 ); female abdomen: gonocoxites 8 with longitudinal median incision ( Fig. 6C– D ) .......... .............................................................................................................. Caribesialis gen. nov. ( Cuba)

11. Male abdomen: gonocoxites 9 large, not subtriangular ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 14c); ectoprocts free ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 14c–d); female abdomen: tergite 9 in lateral view with posterodorsal margin not projected, dorsal region straight ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 15c); gonapophyses 8 large and plate-like in ventral view ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 15b, d) ................................................................................. 12

‒ Male abdomen: gonocoxites 9 small, subtriangular ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 16c); ectoprocts fused sagittally and closely surrounding the anus ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 16c–d); female abdomen: tergite 9 in lateral view with posterodorsal margin projected into a convex curvature ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 16e); gonapophyses 8 small and subtriangular in ventral view ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 16f) ......... ............................................................................................... Protosialis van der Weele, 1909 ( USA)

12. Forewing: crossvein 1r-m arising from MA (generally from its base) ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8f); base of CuP clearly distant from A1 base ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8e); male abdomen: median processes of 11 th gonocoxites directed posteroventrad ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 14c–d) ......................................... 13

‒ Forewing: crossvein 1r-m arising from stem of M ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8d); base of CuP close to A1 base ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8d); male abdomen: median processes of 11 th gonocoxites directed posterodorsad ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 12c–d) ......................... Haplosialis Navás, 1927 ( Madagascar)

13. Forewing: costal veinlets absent on pterostigma region ( Huang et al. 2016: fig. 2a); crossvein 1a2– a3 absent ( Huang et al. 2016: fig. 2a); male abdomen: ectoproct with a slender, weakly sclerotized projection ( Huang et al. 2016: fig. 2b) .................... † Haplosialodes Huang et al., 2016 ( Myanmar)

‒ Forewing: costal veinlets present on pterostigma region ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8f); crossvein 1a2–a3 present ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 8f); male abdomen: ectoproct without a slender, weakly sclerotized projection ( Liu et al. 2015a: fig. 14c) ................................................................................................. ................................................ Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (+†) ( Mexico, Central and South America)

Figures

Fig. 8. Holotype female of Ilyobius bimaculatus (Banks, 1920), dorsal habitus.

Fig.3.Caribesialisbifasciata (Hagen, 1861)comb.nov.,malegenitalia.A. Lateralview.B.Morphological interpretation of genital sclerites in A. C. Laterocaudal view. D. Morphological interpretation of genital sclerites in C.

Fig. 4.Caribesialis bifasciata(Hagen, 1861)comb.nov.,malegenitalia.A.Ventralview.B.Morphological interpretation of genital sclerites in A. C. Dorsal view. D. Morphological interpretation of genital sclerites in C.

Fig.5. Caribesialis bifasciata(Hagen, 1861)comb.nov.,male genitalia.A.Caudal view.B. Morphological interpretation of genital sclerites in A.

Fig. 6. Caribesialis bifasciata (Hagen, 1861) comb. nov., female genitalia. A. Lateral view. B. Morphological interpretation of genital sclerites inA.C. Ventral view.D. Morphological interpretation of genital sclerites in C.