Flavobacterium niveum, Chen & Chen & Young & Sheu, 2019

Chen, Wen-Ming, Chen, Wei-Ting, Young, Chiu-Chung & Sheu, Shih-Yi, 2019, Flavobacterium niveum sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater creek, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69 (1), pp. 271-277 : 275-276

DESCRIPTION OF FLAVOBACTERIUM NIVEUM SP. NOV.

Flavobacterium niveum (ni′ ve.um. L. neut. adj. niveum white, referring to the white bacterial colony).

Cells are Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and rodshaped. No flagellum is detected. Gliding motility is observed. Cells grow well on R2A agar, nutrient agar, Luria-Bertani agar and trypticase soy agar. After 48 h of incubation on R2A agar at 25 Ǫ C, the mean cell size is 0.5–0.7 µm wide and 0.8–2.0 µm long. Colonies on R2A agar are white, convex and circular with regular margins. The colony size is approximately 1.0– 2.5 mm in diameter after 48 h at 25 Ǫ C. Growth occurs at 15–30 Ǫ C (optimum, 20 Ǫ C), at pH 6–8 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0–2 % NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %). Positive for oxidase and catalase activities and hydrolysis of starch, DNA and Tween 80. Negative for hydrolysis of casein, CM-cellulose, chitin, lecithin, corn oil and Tweens 20, 40 and 60. Flexirubin-type pigments are not produced and Congo red is not absorbed by colonies. In API 20NE tests, positive for aesculin and gelatin hydrolysis, b- galactosidase activity and assimilation of glucose, arabinose, mannose and maltose; negative for nitrate reduction, indole production, D- glucose acidification, arginine dihydrolase and urease activities and assimilation of mannitol, N -acetylglucosamine, gluconate, caprate, adipate, malate, citrate and phenyl-acetate. In the API ZYM kit, alkaline phosphatase, C4 esterase, C8 esterase lipase, leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, trypsin, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, a- galactosidase, b-galactosidase, a- glucosidase and b- glucosidase activities are present, but C14 lipase, a- chymotrypsin, b- glucuronidase, N -acetyl-b- glucosaminidase, a- mannosidase and a- fucosidase activities are absent. The following compounds are utilized as sole carbon sources in the GN2 microplate: dextrin, glycogen, cellobiose, L- fucose, gentiobiose, D- glucose, lactose, maltose, D- mannose, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, turanose, succinic acid monomethylester, acetic acid, DL- lactic acid, D- alanine, L- alanine, L- alanyl glycine, L- asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L- glutamic acid, glycyl-L- aspartic acid, glycyl-L- glutamic acid, L- histidine, L- ornithine, L- proline, L-serine, L- threonine, urocanic acid, inosine, uridine and thymidine. All other substrates in the GN2 microplate are not utilized. The predominant fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) are summed feature 3 (C 16: 1 Ɯ 6 c and/or C 16: 1 Ɯ 7 c), iso-C 15: 0 and C 16: 0. The major hydroxyl fatty acids (>5 %) are iso-C 17: 0 3-OH. The only respiratory quinone is MK-6. The polar lipid profile consists of phosphatidylethanolamine, three uncharacterized aminophospholipids, one uncharacterized phospholipid and one uncharacterized lipid. Homospermidine is the major polyamine, and putrescine and spermidine are minor components.

The type strain is TAPW14 T (=BCRC 81055 T =LMG 30057 T =KCTC 52808 T), isolated from the water of Wanan Creek in Pingtung County, Taiwan. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence is LT703450 . The DNA G+C content of the type strain is 46.0 mol% .