Hoplocampa chrysorrhoea ( Klug, 1816 )

Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko & Vårdal, Hege, 2019, A review of West Palaearctic Hoplocampa species, focussing on Sweden (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Zootaxa 4615 (1), pp. 1-45 : 15

Hoplocampa chrysorrhoea ( Klug, 1816)

Tenthredo (Allantus) chrysorrhoea Klug, 1816: 60–61 . Syntypes ♀ ♂, Gartz in Pommern , lectotype ♀ here designated (GBIF-GISHym2444, images: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4724812), in ZMHUB. Type locality: Gartz ( Germany) . Paralectotypes 1♂ (GBIF-GISHym2441, images: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4724809) 2 ♀ (GBIF- GISHym2442 & 2443) in ZMHUB.

Hoplocampa chrysorrhoea var. nigrita Enslin, 1914: 248 . Syntype (s) ♀, no data, lectotype ♀ here designated (GBIF- GISHym3142, images: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4724821). Type locality: Mecklenburg ( Germany).

Additional description. Body length: 3.5–4.5mm. Clypeus broadly and shallowly emarginate. Female: malar space, clypeus and labrum more or less pale (whitish). Scape and pedicel black, flagellum ventrally more or less pale. Pronotum black except sometimes for narrow posterior angles. Mesepisternum entirely black. [ Smith (1982) examined specimens from Israel with “the pronotum and much of the mesopleura pale orange”] Yellow are: all abdominal sterna, terga 9 and 10, as well as lateral, downturned margins of all other terga. Valvula 3 black. Lancet: Figs 90–91 . Male: gena, malar space, supraclypeal area, clypeus and labrum pale (whitish). Scape pale, pedicel black, flagellum ventrally more or less pale. Approximately posterior half of pronotum pale. Mesepisternum mainly yellow. [ Smith (1982) noted that males from Israel had the pronotum and entire mesopleura yellow] Terga 1–8 black, except for lateral, downturned parts. Rest of abdomen yellow, including the harpes. Penis valve: Fig. 101 .

Total number of specimens examined: 138.

Similar species. On external characters, could be confused with minuta , cantoti , or fulvicornis : see key. The lancet of chrysorrhoea ( Figs 90–91 ) is similar only to that of cantoti ( Figs 92–93 ): see comments under that species. The penis valve ( Fig. 101 ) somewhat resembles those of fulvicornis ( Fig. 102 ) and minuta ( Fig. 103 ), but the distal prolongation in chrysorrhoea is much shorter and wider.

Life history. Host plants: not known for certain. Benson (1958) stated that Prunus spinosa is the host. Numerous subsequent authors have followed this, but it is not clear on what evidence the original statement was based. Adults are indeed often swept from flowering Prunus spinosa , but also from flowers of other Rosaceae , and in several countries have been found on Crataegus , at localities where P. spinosa was absent (e.g. Miles (1936), Liston et al. (2015), and Moroccan records, below). In our opinion, Crataegus could be the (only) host, but if this is so, then oviposition must be into flowers which are at an early stage of development, many days before they open. This would be unusual among European Hoplocampa species. Lorenz & Kraus (1957) cite Vallot (1848) as having found the larvae in the fruits of Ribes uva-crispa (Grossulariaceae) , but this seems highly improbable, because all known Hoplocampa larvae feed on rosaceous hosts.

Distribution. Widespread in southern and central Europe, including the British mainland, North to Denmark ( Taeger et al. 2006), East to Cyprus and Israel ( Lacourt 1999), and also in North Africa ( Morocco, Middle Atlas: see below); introduced to North America ( Smith & Fitzgerald 2018).

Occurrence in Sweden: no published records. Material examined: Skåne, Öland.

Specimens examined. Cyprus: 1♀, Mandria, 16.04.2011, leg. H.-J. Jacobs (SDEI). France: 1♀ (BC-ZSM- HYM03414), Bollenberg, 21km NNW Mulhouse, 06.04.1999 (ZSM). Germany: 26♀ 2♂, 10.04–27.05, Ba- den-Wuerttemberg; Bavaria; Brandenburg (DEI-GISHym31789, 83548, 83549); Mecklenburg-Vorpommern; Thuringia. Greece: Crete; 13♀, 28.03–21.04 (SDEI); mainland 1♀, 30.04.2005 (SDEI). * Morocco: Meknes-Ta- filalet Region [Middle Atlas Mts], all specimens swept from Crataegus ? monogyna that was not yet flowering: 5♀, Khenifra 18 km E., 1510m asl, + 32.94300°N - 5.47700°E, 18.04.2015, leg. Liston & Prous (SDEI); 2♀, same as preceding, but 21.04.2015. 2♀, Ifrane 5 km SSW, 1660 m asl, + 33.48400°N - 5.15000°E, 19/ 20.04.2015, leg. Liston & Prous (SDEI). Spain: 1♀ (SDEI). * Sweden: Skåne; 1♀, Lund, Botaniska Trädgaerden, + 55.70380°N + 13.20310°E, 03.05.1972, leg. R. Danielsson (MZLU). Öland; 72♀, Mörbylånga kommun, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), „diversitetsängen“, + 56.61669°N + 16.50759°E, 25.04– 20.05.2005, leg. SMTP (NHRS); 3♀, same data except 20.05.– 01.06.2005 (NHRS); 6♀, same data except 20.05.– 28.06.2006 (NHRS).

Figures

FIGURES 89–93. Lancets: 89, pectoralis (DEI-GISHym83550). 90–91, chrysorrhoea (DEI-GISHym31789) complete, detail of tip. 92–93, cantoti (DEI-GISHym88748), complete, detail of tip.

FIGURES 94–107. Penis valves: 94 alpina (DEIGISHym20575). 95, crataegi (DEI-GISHym31784). 96, ariae (DEI- GISHym83574). 97, chamaemespili (BC-ZSM-HYM11307). 98–99, phantoma (DEI-GISHym83553): dorsal lobe intact, dorsal lobe destroyed during preparation. 100, flava (DEI-GISHym20595). 101, chrysorrhoea (DEI-GISHym83548). 102, fulvicornis (DEI-GISHym83782). 103, minuta (DEI-GISHym31782). 104, tadshikistanica [after Muche (1986), fig. 1]. 105, pectoralis (DEI-GISHym80337). 106, testudinea (DEI-GISHym83547). 107, plagiata (DEI-GISHym83556).