Hoplocampa flava ( Linné, 1760 )

Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko & Vårdal, Hege, 2019, A review of West Palaearctic Hoplocampa species, focussing on Sweden (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Zootaxa 4615 (1), pp. 1-45 : 17-18

Hoplocampa flava ( Linné, 1760)

Tenthredo flava Linné, 1760: 395 . Syntypes ♂ ♀?, most likely lost. Type locality:? Sweden. Description refers also to Réau- mur 1740: Pl.10, fig. 6 &7.

Tenthredo ruficapilla Gmelin, 1790: 2668 . Syntypes ♂ ♀?, most likely lost. Type locality: Europe. Description refers to Zschach (1788: 56, nr. 124). Listed in synonymy by Dalla Torre (1894: 188).

Tenthredo Glaucopis [sic!] Rossi, 1790: vol. 2, 31–32. Syntypes ♂ ♀?, most likely lost. Type locality: Etrusca (provinces Florentina and Pisana, Italy). Listed in synonymy by Dalla Torre (1894: 188).

Allantus ferrugineus Panzer, 1802: 90 /9. Syntypes ♂ ♀, Germany, lectotype ♂ here designated (ZMUC-GISHym1022, im- ages: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7837790.v1), in ZMUC. Type locality: Germany. Paralectotype ♀ (ZMUC- GISHym1023, images: https://doi.org/106084/m9.figshare.7837856.v1), in ZMUC. Synonymy with Tenthredo brunnea Klug, 1816 by Klug (1816: 53).

Hylotoma ferruginea Fabricius, 1804: 26 . Syntypes ♂ ♀, Germany, lectotype ♂ here designated (ZMUC-GISHym1022, im- ages: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7837790.v1), in ZMUC [this specimen is also the lectotype of Allantus ferrugineus : see there]. Paralectotype ♀ (ZMUC-GISHym1023, images: https://doi.org/106084/m9.figshare.7837856.v1), in ZMUC [this specimen is also the paralectotype of Allantus ferrugineus : see there]. Type locality: Germany. Synonymy with Tenthredo brunnea Klug, 1816 by Klug (1816: 53).

Hylotoma simplex Fallén, 1807: 207–208 . Holotype ♀, examined, in MZLU. Type locality: Sweden, Skåne [Esperöd: Fallén 1829]. Synonymy with Hoplocampa ferruginea by Thomson (1871: 201).

Tenthredo (Allantus) brunnea Klug, 1816: 53 . Replacement name for Hylotoma ferruginea Fabricius, 1804 . Synonymy with Tenthredo flava Linné, 1760 by Zaddach (1876: 51).

Tenthredo pallida Serville, 1823: 47 . Syntype (s) ♀, most likely lost. Type locality: Paris ( France). Synonymy by Lacourt (2000: 103).

Tenthredo pallida Lepeletier, 1823: 105 . Syntype (s) ♀, most likely lost. Type locality: Paris ( France). Synonymy by Lacourt (2000: 103). Primary homonym of Tenthredo pallida Serville, 1823 .

Hoplocampa flava var. dimidiata Costa, 1894: 149 . Holotype ♀, most likely lost. Type locality: Parma ( Italy). Treated in legend ( Costa 1894: [291] pl. II. 2) as Hoplocampa dimidiata .

Taxonomy. Allantus ferrugineus Panzer , Hylotoma ferruginea Fabricius , and Tenthredo (Allantus) brunnea Klug : Klug (1816) replaced the Fabricius’ name because of secondary homonymy:

“Die Benennung Panzers, von welchem Fabricius diese Art, die er nachher so undeutlich und mangelhaft beschreibt, erhielt, musste deshalb geändert werden, weil schon Schrank, (enum. p. 326 n. 656) eine Tenthredo ferruginea aufführt.“ He subsequently emphasised his reasoning ( Klug 1819: 72): „Der Name T. ferruginea ist von mir in T. brunnea umgeändert worden weil Schrank schon früher als Fabricius eine T. ferruginea beschrieben hat.“

Therefore, the specimens in Klug’s collection cannot be considered to be types. Furthermore, because Pan- zer’s description is obviously based on the same material as Fabricius’ species, all three names are objective synonyms.

Hylotoma simplex: Three specimens, two females and one male, are in the Fallén Collection (MZLU) under the name Phyllotoma simplex . Either of the females might be the holotype. One is without any label, the other has a label similar to that of the male. The male specimen, which was described later by Fallén (1829), belongs to crataegi . We consider the female specimen, until now without any labels, to be the holotype of simplex , because the female and male standing under the name are very similarly labelled, and therefore probably collected at nearly the same time (later than the holotype).

Additional description. Body length: 3.5–5.5mm. Clypeus narrowly and deeply emarginate. Pale body colour yellowish. Antenna completely pale. Base of procoxa and margins of propleuron black-edged. Legs entirely pale, apart from bases of coxae. Metanontum black, except for pale metascutellum. Venation entirely pale yellowish, except for darkened base of fore wing pterostigma. Female: Head capsule completely pale except for postoccipital groove, and more or less dorsal tentorial macula and anterior tentorial pit. Mesonotum completely pale. Valvula 3 pale. Lancet: Fig. 83 . Male: Small black patch between ocelli, more or less extending anteriorly along edges of frontal field. Median and lateral mesocutal lobes partly black. Penis valve: Fig. 100 . Note that the curvature of the filament is highly variable in prepared specimens.

Total number of specimens examined: 38.

Similar species. The wing colour should separate Hoplocampa flava from all other European species, but when this cannot be clearly seen (as often in old, faded specimens) it is most likely to be misidentified as crataegi . In direct comparison, they may be separated thus:

Females

- Antennal flagellum black ( Figs 31–32 ); epicnemial groove pale ( Fig. 32 ); fore wing costa paler than radius ( Fig. 31 ). [In northern and central Europe, apical 0.5–0.7 of metatibia dark, contrasting with pale yellow base ( Fig. 31 )]. Lancet ( Fig. 79 ): particularly the middle and apical sawteeth more hooked, with fewer serrulae............................. crataegi

- Antennal flagellum pale ( Figs 41–42 ); epicnemial groove narrowly black ( Fig. 42 ); fore wing costa and radius equally pale ( Fig. 41 ). [Metatibia always completely pale ( Fig. 42 )]. Lancet ( Fig. 83 ): particularly the middle and apical sawteeth less hooked, with more numerous serrulae............................................................... flava

Males

- Epicnemial groove pale ( Fig. 34 ); valviceps of penis valve apically with group of long setae, but no filament ( Fig. 95 ).... crataegi

- Epicnemial groove black ( Fig. 44 ); valviceps of penis valve apically without group of large setae, but with extremely long filament ( Fig. 100 ) [often conspicuously projecting from tip of abdomen, without preparation].................. flava

Life history. Host plants: Prunus spinosa and P. domestica are main hosts ( Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer 2000). In southern Europe Prunus armeniaca and P. salicina are also affected ( Roberti 1947, Perju et al. 1995). Prunus avium is an infrequent, probably secondary host ( Velbinger 1947). A possible association with P. cerasus , mentioned as a host in earlier literature, needs confirmation ( Sprengel 1930a). Biology: Sprengel (1930b), Miles et al. (1933), Roberti (1947), Boevé et al. (1997).

Distribution. Southern, Central and Northern Europe, including the British Isles; North to Denmark, S. Sweden, Estonia ( Taeger et al. 2006), and Finland ( Paukkunen et al. 2009); Turkey, Israel, and Transcaucasus ( Lacourt 1999).

Occurrence in Sweden: published records: Skåne, Småland ( Thomson 1871), Halland ( Andersson 1962).

Material examined: Blekinge, Småland, Öland, Östergötland, Uppland, Hälsingland.

Specimens examined. Bulgaria: 1♀ (DEI-GISHym84160), Pazardzhik Province, Vinogradets 3km N, 300m, + 42.31900°N + 24.12800°E, 31.03.2018, leg. Liston & Prous ( SDEI) . Germany: 14♀ 3♂, 17.04–23.05, Baden- Wuerttemberg ; Bavaria; Berlin; Brandenburg (including DEI-GISHym19235); Mecklenburg-Vorpommern; Rhineland-Pfalz; Saxony; Saxony-Anhalt; Thuringia ( SDEI, ZSM) . Sweden: Skåne; 1♀, Esperöd ( MZLU) . Blekinge; 1♀, Sjöarp , 16.05.1959, leg. T.-E. Leiler ( NHRS) . Småland ; 1♀ (NHRS-HEVA000006539) 1?[abdo- men missing] (NHRS-HEVA000006540), leg. Boheman ( NHRS) . Öland ; 4♀ (DEI-GISHym83558) 3♂ (DEI- GISHym20595), Station Linné 1km E, 40 m asl, + 56.61700°N + 16.50700°E, 28– 30.05.2013 ( SDEI) . Öster- götland; 2♂ (NHRS-HEVA000006541–6542), leg. Haglund ( NHRS) . Uppland ; 1♀ (NHRS-HEVA000003420) 1♂ (NHRS-HEVA000006543), Tursbo , + 59.70950°N + 17.61390°E, 16.05.1939, leg. Lundblad ( NHRS) . 1♀ (NHRS-HEVA000006544), Resarö , leg. Malaise ( NHRS) . Hälsingland ; 1♀ (NHRS-HEVA000006545), Ljusdal , + 61.83094°N + 16.07886°E, leg. Muchardt ( NHRS) . No data ; 1♀ 1♂ ( SDEI) .

Figures

FIGURES 83–88. Lancets: 83, flava (DEI-GISHym83558). 84, fulvicornis (DEI-GISHym31788). 85, minuta (DEI- GISHym83545). 86, tadshikistanica (DEI-GISHym31786). 87, testudinea (DEI-GISHym31790). 88, plagiata (DEI- GISHym83555).

FIGURES 94–107. Penis valves: 94 alpina (DEIGISHym20575). 95, crataegi (DEI-GISHym31784). 96, ariae (DEI- GISHym83574). 97, chamaemespili (BC-ZSM-HYM11307). 98–99, phantoma (DEI-GISHym83553): dorsal lobe intact, dorsal lobe destroyed during preparation. 100, flava (DEI-GISHym20595). 101, chrysorrhoea (DEI-GISHym83548). 102, fulvicornis (DEI-GISHym83782). 103, minuta (DEI-GISHym31782). 104, tadshikistanica [after Muche (1986), fig. 1]. 105, pectoralis (DEI-GISHym80337). 106, testudinea (DEI-GISHym83547). 107, plagiata (DEI-GISHym83556).

FIGURES 27–32. 27–28, pectoralis ♂ (DEI-GISHym19234) dorsal, lateral. 29–30, crataegi ♀ (DEIGISHym19238), unusu- ally dark colour form from Sicily, dorsal, lateral.31, crataegi ♀ (DEIGISHym11414) dorsal.32, crataegi ♀ (DEI-GISHym83583) lateral. Scale bars 1mm.

FIGURES 77–82. Lancets: 77, alpina (DEI-GISHym83575), spurette arrowed. 78, ariae (DEI-GISHym83551). 79, crataegi (DEIGISHym83583). 80, phantoma (DEI-GISHym83552). 81, brevis (DEI-GISHym83557). 82, chamaemespili (DEI- GISHym11128).

FIGURES 39–44. 39, alpina ♀, live (England, Leicestershire, High Cross, 03.06.2016: photo by G. Calow). 40, alpina ♀ (DEI- GISHym83554) lateral. 41, flava ♀ (DEI-GISHym83558) dorsal. 42, flava ♀ (DEI-GISHym19235) lateral (inset: mesepisternum). 43–44, flava ♂ (DEI-GISHym20595) dorsal, lateral. Scale bars 1mm.

FIGURES 33–38. 33–34, crataegi ♂ (DEI-GISHym83584) dorsal, lateral. 35, ariae ♀ (DEI-GISHym83551) dorsal. 36, ariae ♂ (DEI-GISHym83574) dorsal. 37–38, phantoma ♀ (DEI-GISHym83552) dorsal, lateral. Scale bars 1mm.