Anacroneuria holzenthali Stark, 1998

Gutiérrez-Fonseca, Pablo E. & Springer, Monika, 2011, Description of the final instar nymphs of seven species from Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) in Costa Rica, and first record for an additional genus in Central America, Zootaxa 2965, pp. 16-38 : 23-26

Anacroneuria holzenthali Stark, 1998

Figs. 9–11

Description. Body length: 9–13 mm. Head ( Fig. 9 ): brown forward of ocelli, with pale, well-defined m- line and pale anterior frontoclypeus; often with pale spots on the outer side of the ocelli. Pronotum: rectangular; brown with pale median stripe. Surface covered with fine short setae, lacking bristles. Margins completely fringed with short thick bristles, somewhat variable in length. Meso- and Metanotum: pale irregular spots around the midline; wing pads dark when well developed. Dorsal surfaces covered with fine short setae, and scattered thick bristles; welldefined anterior and lateral lines of thick bristles. Margins completely fringed with short thick bristles, somewhat variable in length. Foreleg ( Fig. 10 ): dorsal surfaces covered with fine short setae, except for hairless median bar and basal posterior triangle-shaped area on femur. Posterior margin with dense fringe of long setae. Femur dorsally with well-defined transverse row of ≥10 long, thick spines; scattered short and medium-sized spines on dorsal surface; basal posterior patch of very small spines along margin, reaching transverse row of long spines. Ventral posterior-lateral area of coxa with irregular patch of 10 small, thick spines ( Fig. 11 ).

Distribution. Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua.

Local distribution ( Fig. 12 ): Lowland and middle elevation streams on both Pacific and Caribbean slopes, within a wide range of altitude, reaching up to 2600 m asl. Together with A. marca , this species has one of the most widespread local distributions of all Costa Rican species.

Reared specimens. San José: Quebrada sin nombre, San Jerónimo por puente de la lechería, Moravia, ii.2008, Gutiérrez, 3 3; Alajuela : Quebrada sin nombre, trib. río Zapote, Upala, 300 m, 24.viii.2008, Gutiérrez, 2 3; Quebrada sin nombre, afluente río Pizote, Upala, 323 m, 24.viii.2008, Gutiérrez, 2 3; Afluente Río Oro, Upala 233 m, 24.viii.2008, Gutiérrez, 3 Ƥ; Río Grande del Gallo, Venecia, viii.2008, Gutiérrez, 2 Ƥ; Río Los Negritos, 446 m, Venecia, viii.2008, Gutiérrez, 3 Ƥ; Río Celeste, Venecia, viii.2008, Gutiérrez, 2 Ƥ; Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, San Ramón, 800 m, ix.2008, Gutiérrez, 1 3; Quebrada sin nombre, El Ángel, near Laguna Hule, 750 m, vi.2007, Gutiérrez, 1 3; Cartago: Río San Pedro, El Poró, Turrialba, 900 m, several dates (2007–2008), Gutiérrez, 27 3, 29 Ƥ; Quebrada sin nombre Turrialba, 900 m, several dates 2008, Gutiérrez, 3 3, 6 Ƥ; Río Javillos, cerca unión con Río Reventazón, Turrialba, 470 m, viii.2007, Gutiérrez, 2 Ƥ; Heredia: Río Chirripó, Sarapiquí, 350 m, 23.vii.2008, Gutiérrez, 2 Ƥ; Puntarenas: Quebrada Beneficio, Barranca, 500 m, several dates 2007– 2008, Gutiérrez, 1 3, 15 Ƥ; Río Piedras Blancas, Piedras Blancas, San Vito, 50 m, iii.2008, B. Pacheco, 1 3, 1 Ƥ.

Additional material examined. San José: Quebr. Grande, Matastal, Puriscal, 28.v.2005, R. Chaves, 2 Ƥ; Cataratas Chirraca, San Ignacio de Acosta, 1100 m, 09.x.2005, E. Arroyo, 1 Ƥ; Quebrada La Dicha, Aguas Buenas, Reserva Biológica El Comelio, Acosta, 1200 m, 15.xi.2005, P. Calderón, 2 Ƥ; same 17.ix.2005, 1 Ƥ; Quebrada Chiquita, Estación Biológica Cuericí, Cerro de La Muerte, 2600 m, 27.ii.1997, WordClass-UCR students, 1 3, 5 Ƥ; Quebrada por Colegio Agropecuario, Santiago de Puriscal, Barrio San Isidro, 1100 m, 12.x.1990, E. Quesada, 1 3, 1 Ƥ; Río Agres, San Antonio de Escazú, 1500 m, iv.1995, C. Flores, 1 3; Río Poás, Desamparados, 27.vii.1995, M. Peinador, 1 Ƥ; Alajuela : Río San Lorencito, San Ramón, Estación Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, 850 m, x.1998, UCR students, 1 3; same, iii.1995, R. Rodríguez, 1 3; same, 13.ix.1996, N. Franz, 2 Ƥ; same, 10.x.1998, UCR students, 4 3, 2 Ƥ; same, 23.xi.1996, M. Springer, 2 3, 3 Ƥ; same, 30.xii.1998, PennState Univ. Students, 10 3, 10 Ƥ; same, 30.xii.2000, PennState Univ. Students, 14 3, 2 Ƥ; same, 18.ix.2001, M. Springer & Ulm Univ. Students, 4 3, 4 Ƥ; same 2.iii.2002, R. Acosta, 2 3, 7 Ƥ; same, 17.x.2002, J. Ortiz, 2 3; same, 8.xii.2003, J. Ortiz, 1 m; same, no date, G. Chaverri, 3 3, 2 Ƥ; same, 25.ix.2005, A. Castillo, 8 3, 1 Ƥ; Río Las Musas, San Ramón 900 m, 4.x.2003, P. Gutiérrez, 1 Ƥ; same, 31.viii.2003, A. Y. Jimenéz & J. Vindas, 3 3, 6 Ƥ; Río Ciruelas, upstream, primary forest, 900 m, 2.x.1998, G. Chaverri, 3 3, 1 Ƥ; Río La Vieja, PH Chocosuela, 50 m arriba, San Carlos, 730 m, 9.iii.2001, Springer, 1 3; same, 4.xii.2001, Springer, 1 3; Río Purgatorio, Santo Domingo, San Carlos, 300 m, vii.2006, E. Martínez & Y. Astorga, 1 Ƥ; Heredia: Curso de agua junto a Río Sarapiquí, Sarapiquí, 900 m, 25.viii.2005, B. Pacheco, 6 3, 1 Ƥ; Quebrada El Salto, Est. Biol. La Selva, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, 50 m, 28.vi.1996, OTS students, 1 Ƥ; same, vi.1997, OTS students, 4 3, 8 Ƥ; Río Chorreras, Los Cartagos, 1800 m, 3.xii.2000, L. López, 1 3; Cartago: Río Tiribi, La Unión, 1780 m, 20.viii.1998, R. Mora, 1 Ƥ; Trib. Río Colorado, El Poró Turrialba, 850 m, 9.xii.2003, Gutiérrez, 2 Ƥ; Quebrada sin nombre, posa bajo catarata, Reserva Biológica Copal, Pejibaye Jiménez, 1200 m, 18.ix.2005, C. Lizano, 1 Ƥ; Río Paéz, Orosí, Paraíso, 1250 m, 15.xi.1998, C. Guillen, 1 Ƥ; Limón: Río Costa Rica, Pococí, Guápiles, 230 m, 14.xi.2005, E. Arroyo, 1 Ƥ; Guanacaste: Quebrada en la entrada, Reserva Cacao, ACG, 1200 m, 4.x.1998, Springer, 1 3, 2 Ƥ; Puntarenas: Río Bellavista, Estación Biológica Las Alturas, San Vito, 1500 m, 11.xi.1992, Springer, 1 3; Río Jaba, Las Cruces, San Vito, abajo represa, 1070 m, iv.1997, N. Powell, 1 3; same, abajo beneficio La Meseta, 1 Ƥ; same, Finca Gamboa, secondary forest, iii. 1997, 2 3, 1 Ƥ; same, Estación Las Cruces, 1200 m, 10.x.1999, Springer, 3 3; Río Sonador, Longo Mai, Buenos Aires, 550 m, 23.vii.1998, A. Nunn, 2 3; Quebrada Junco, Pérez Zeledón, 590 m, 7.x.2005, F. Ruiz, 1 3; Río Guacimal, Monteverde, 1400 m, iv.2001, A. Burgin, 2 Ƥ; Río Cañaza, Golfito, 10 m, v.1999, T. Hermanson & J. Steffen, 2 3; Río La Gamba, parte arriba, Golfito, 75 m, v.1999, J. Hansen, 1 3, 1 Ƥ; Quebrada Cañaza, arriba, Golfito, 50 m, v.1999, J. Hansen, 1 Ƥ; Quebrada La Cañaza, Golfito, 50 m, 15.i.1999, Springer, 1 3, 3 Ƥ.

Habitat and substratum. Submerged leaf litter packs and underneath rocks of medium size in strong current; in streams and rivers of various sizes in forested areas, but also in coffee plantations. Inhabits streams across a wide range of altitudes.

Diagnosis. The nymph of A. holzenthali is very similar to A. benedettoi and A. divisa in color pattern, shape and size ( Fig. 9 ), but in A. benedettoi and A. holzenthali the transverse row of spines on the femur is composed of more spines (>10) ( Fig. 10 ), than in A. divisa (≤9). The only difference that could be found to distinguish A. holzenthali from A. benedettoi consists of the patch of small spines ventrally on the coxa, which is arranged in a welldefined row in A. benedettoi , while forming an irregular patch in A. holzenthali ( Fig. 11 ).

Figures

FIGURE 12. Map of Costa Rica showing distribution of Anacroneuria holzenthali.

FIGURES 9 − 11. Anacroneuria holzenthali, 9. Head and thorax (pro, meso and meta notum); 10. Foreleg; 11. Ventral area of coxa.