Cladosporium fuscoviride Iturrieta-Gonzalez , Dania Garcia , Gene, 2021

Iturrieta-Gonzalez, Isabel, Garcia, Dania & Gene, Josepa, 2021, Novel species of Cladosporium from environmental sources in Spain, MycoKeys 77, pp. 1-25 : 1

Cladosporium fuscoviride Iturrieta-Gonzalez, Dania Garcia, Gene sp. nov. Fig. 5

Etymology.

Name refers to the dark green reverse of the colonies of the species growing in all agar media tested (fuscus = dark brown, blackish or figuratively dull and viridis = green).

Type.

Spain, Catalonia, Tarragona province, Cambrils, Samà Park, garden soil, Feb. 2017, I. Iturrieta-González & J. Gené (holotype CBS H-24471; cultures ex-type FMR 16385, CBS 146920).

Description.

Mycelium in vitro superficial and immersed, composed of septate, branched, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth to verruculose hyphae, 1-3 μm wide. Conidiophores semi-macronematous to macronematous, arising laterally and terminally from hyphae, sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells, septate, erect to slightly flexuous, branched or unbranched, sometimes geniculate at the apex, up to 56 μm long, 3-4 μm wide, pale brown, smooth to verruculose. Conidiogenous cells terminal and subterminal, cylindrical to slightly clavate, 8-27 × 3-4 μm, bearing up to 4 conidiogenous loci, darkened and refractive. Ramoconidia 0-1(-3)-septate, subcylindrical to ellipsoidal, 7.5-22 × 2.5-4 μm [av. ( ± SD) 12.8 ( ± 3.9) × 3 ( ± 0.43)], pale brown, smooth to verruculose. Conidia in branched chains with up to 4 conidia in the terminal unbranched part, pale brown, smooth to verruculose, with protuberant, slightly darkened and refractive hila; small terminal conidia aseptate, globose, subglobose to obovoid, 3-6 × 2-3.5 μm [av. ( ± SD) 4.5 ( ± 0.66) × 3 ( ± 0.39)]; intercalary conidia aseptate, ellipsoidal to somewhat limoniform, 4.5-7 × 2.5-4 μm [av. ( ± SD) 5.7 ( ± 0.70) × 3.2 ( ± 0.36)]; secondary ramoconidia 0(-1)-septate, subcylindrical to ellipsoidal 6-11.5 × 2.5-4 μm [av. ( ± SD) 8.8 ( ± 1.64) × 3.1 ( ± 0.40)].

Culture characteristics

(14 d at 25 °C). Colonies on OA reaching 31-32 mm diam., olive (3F8) to dark green (30F5), olive final edge (2F8), flat, velvety, aerial mycelium scarce, margin regular; reverse dark green (30F5) to black. On PDA attaining 44-46 mm diam., gray to olive to olive yellow (3D1/2E5/2C6), white at the final edge, flat, velvety, aerial mycelium scarce, margin regular; reverse dark green (30F8) to black, with a whitish final edge. On SNA reaching 34-35 mm diam., olive (3F8), flat, velvety, aerial mycelium scarce, margin regular; reverse dark green (30F8), olive final edge (3F3).

Cardinal temperature for growth.

Optimum 25 °C, maximum 30 °C, minimum 5 °C.

Distribution.

Spain.

Notes.

Cladosporium fuscoviride is closely related to C. alboflavescens (Fig. 1 ), a monotypic species described from an animal respiratory specimen collected in California ( Sandoval-Denis et al. 2016). The species can be distinguished by their colony and microscopic features; i.e., C. fuscoviride has darker colonies and faster growth rates at 25 °C after 2 wk on the three media tested (OA, 31-32 vs 20-23 mm; PDA, 44-46 vs 34-36 mm; SNA, 34-35 vs 20-25 mm), shorter conidiophores (up to 56 μm vs up to 130 μm long in C. alboflavescens ), and 0-3-septate (aseptate in C. alboflavescens ) shorter (7.5-22 vs 11-36 μm) ramoconidia. Cladosporium iranicum is related with C. fuscoviride and C. alboflavescens , but can be easily distinguished from them by its larger conidiophores (40-180(-135) μm), with chains of up to 10 conidia in the terminal unbranched part, and a faster growth rate on PDA (56-60 mm after 14 d at 25 °C) ( Bensch et al. 2010).

Figures

Figure 1. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree obtained from the combined analysis of ITS, tef 1 and act sequences of 101 strains from the C. cladosporioides complex. The tree is rooted with C. sphaerospermum CBS 193.54 and C. longissimum CBS 300.96. Numbers on the branches represent ML bootstrap support values (MLBS) ≥ 70 %, followed by Maximum Parsimony bootstrap support values (PBS) ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.95, lower values are indicate as " - ". Bold branches indicate MLBS / PBS / PP of 100 / 100 / 1. Names of species newly described are indicated in bold. Branch lengths are proportional to distance. T Ex-type strain. ET Ex-epitype strain.

Figure 5. Cladosporium fuscoviride (ex-type FMR 16385) a-c colonies on PDA, OA and SNA after 14 days at 25 ° C d-g conidiophores h ramoconidia and conidia. Scale bars: 10 mm (a-c); 10 μm (d-h).