Solariola vitalei A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923

Bello’, Cesare, Osella, Giuseppe & Baviera, Cosimo, 2019, A taxonomic monograph of the genus Solariola Flach, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), Zootaxa 4676 (1), pp. 1-261 : 175-179

Solariola vitalei A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923

( Figs 32, 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, 32e , 46c , 78, 78 ’, 121, 164, 207)

Solariola vitalei: A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923 (revision): 53–57.

Solariola vitalei: Luigioni, 1929 (catalogue): 871; Porta, 1932 (catalogue): 58; Winkler, 1932 (catalogue): 1432; Lona, 1937 (catalogue): 233; Osella, 1976 (fauna): 194; Abbazzi et al., 1989 (fauna): 322; Abbazzi & Osella, 1992 (catalogue): 302; Abbazzi et al., 1995 (catalogue): 22; Osella & Di Marco 1996 (fauna): 353–355; Sparacio, 1999 (fauna): 135–136; Colonnelli, 2003 (checklist): 46; Osella et al., 2004 (fauna): 101, 108; Osella et al., 2005 (checklist); Abbazzi & Maggini, 2009 (catalogue): 58; Magnano & Alonso Zarazaga, 2013 (catalogue): 347; Baviera, 2015 (revision): 402– 404, 412–419, 426–428; Morrone & Hlaváč, 2017 (checklist): 50; Pierotti, 2017a (catalogue): 344.

Type locality. Sicily, Peloritani Mountains , Messina ( Fig. 258 ) .

Diagnosis. A small to medium size Solariola (TL: 2.1 5– 3.10 mm; BL: 1.80–2.55 mm) belonging to the paganettii group with slender body shape. Within the species group, it is recognisable by red– yellow–brownish cuticle, elongate pronotum, median lobe of aedeagus with very evident sub medial constriction. Rostrum slender and short (RL: 0.35–0.45 mm, RW: 0.20–0.30 mm, RL/RW: 1.50–1.75). Mesorostrum carinae slightly divergent to sides. Forehead convex (FW/MW: 2.00–2.00). Submentum and laterally mesorostrum with a few, short, whitishyellowish pappolepida. Antennae long and thin (SL: 0.42–0.50 mm, FL: 0.60–0.80 mm, SL/FL: 0.63–0.70). Pronotum longer than wide (PL: 0.46–0.70 mm, PW: 0.44–0.65 mm, PL/PW: 1.08–1.13) without echinopappolepida at base. Elongate, sub-parallel elytra, dorsally vaulted (EL: 1.30–1.85 mm, EW: 0.65–0.92 mm, EL/EW: 2.00–2.07) with thin and slightly elongate setae raised.

Material examined. Holotype male with following labels: [genitalia in glue] [white label] /

Messina coll[ezione] Vitale [w, hw] / Typus ♂ [w, p]; Solariola vitalei Solari Boll. [ettino] Soc.[ietà] E.[ntomologica] It.[aliana] 1923 [w, hw] / Solariola vitalei ( Solari, 1923) HOLOTYPUS [Baviera 2013 des.] [r, p] / Solariola vitalei Solari, 1923 Holotype, det. Bellò, Osella & Baviera, 2018 [r, p] / esemplare fotografato by Francesco Sacco [y, p] ( MSNM).

Paratypes. Four specimens males with same holotype data. ( MSNM) .

Others Specimens examined (152 males and females) with the following labels: Messina Vitale; Messina, 04 V 1906, Dodero; Messina Peloritani Monte Ciccia, 500 m a.s.l., 22.III.2009, Leg. Baviera; same data, 11.VI.2009; same data, 15.VI.2009; same data, 25.XI.2009; same data, 06.I.2010; same locality, 24.VI.1991, Leg. Bellò; Castanea , X. 930, F. Vitale; Castanea [Messina], I 1931, Vitale; same locality, XII [1]931; Messina Calamarà Castanea 420 m, Vitale & Schatzmayr; Calameria, [Messina] 10 IV [1]934, Vitale; Dint. Messina Calamarà, 4 V 1933, Vitale; same locality, 2 III 1929, Vitale; same locality, 16 III 1938, Vitale; same locality, 16 IV 1934, Vitale; same locality, 1 III 1934, Vitale; same locality, 12 V 1939, Vitale; same locality, 19 XI 1927, Vitale; same locality, 21 I 1933, Vitale; same locality, 21 II 1932, Vitale; Messina, Colla, XII. 1919 Vitale; Coppa, 7. IV. 29, F. Vitale; Cudduttà, [Messina], 04 IV 1918, Vitale; same locality, 23 III 1930, Vitale; same locality, 15 IV 1930, Vitale; same locality, 24 IV 1918, Vitale; same locality, 22 IV 1911, Vitale; same locality, 29 III [18]80, Vitale; Sicilia, Fiume di Nisi, 5. V. 1906, A. Dodero; Landes, Dax, 7. XI, J. Clermont / coll. Temper ex coll. J. Clermont /erreurs d’etiquetage, Orousset 2018 (comm. pers.); Landes, Morcenx /erreurs d’etiquetage, Orousset 2018 (comm. pers.); Messina Peloritani, Portella Armacera, 700 m a.s.l., 15.VI.2009, Leg. Baviera; same data, 06.I.2010; Messina Peloritani, Portella Croce Cumia, 800 m a.s.l., 02.I.2009, Leg. Baviera; Messina Curcuraci 350 m a.s.l., 25.XI.2009, Leg. Baviera; same data, 06.I.2010; 03.III.2009, Leg. Baviera; Sicilia: Messina, Peloritani, Portella S. Rizzo, Quercus ilex , 476m s.l.m., 6. I. 2010, Leg. Baviera C., Vaglio; Sicilia: Messina, Peloritani, Salice, (vaglio) Quercus virgiliana , 400m, 19. II. 2006, Leg. Baviera C.; Sicilia: Messina, Salice, Urni, 285 s.l.m., 25. XI. 2011, Leg. Baviera C.; Sicilia: Messina, Acqualadrone W., 17. II. 2010, Leg. Baviera C.; Sicilia: Messina, Tono, Torrente, vaglio Olea , 17. II. 2010, Leg. Baviera C.; Sicilia: Messina, Orto Botanico, vaglio Quercus , 25. II. 2014, Leg. Baviera C.; Italy, Sicily, CT, Etna, Grotta Campana, 1130m, vaglio Quercus & Castanea , 29. II. 2014, Baviera leg; ( CBA, CBA, GOS, ECO, LDI, MBAC, MCIZ, MNHP, MSNG, MSNM).

Holotype redescription. Male. See Figs 32, 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, 32e . Elongate body (T L: 2.75 mm, BL: 2.20 mm). Red-brownish cuticle.

Rostrum slender and short (RL: 0.40 mm, RW: 0.25 mm, RL/RW: 1.60), conical to sides with pterygium expanded. Epistome absent. Mesorostrum carinae just divergent to sides. Submentum with short, whitish-yellowish pappolepida, also partially visible around mesorostrum. Interocular pit visible. Forehead convex (FW/MW: 2.00). Vestigial eyes slightly convex, visible.

Antennae thin and elongate (SL: 0.47 mm, FL: 0.70 mm, SL/FL: 0.67); AS ratio: 6.6.4.4.3.3.3.11. Scape clubbed, slightly more robust than funicle, curved at proximal third and progressively thickening towards apex. Funicle long and thin; all segments with elongate and thin setae. Club three-segmented, oval–elongate, in length twice the width, densely covered by thin setae.

Pronotum longer than wide (PL: 0.62 mm, PW: 0.55 mm, PL/PW: 1.13), wider at middle and without echinopappolepida at base. Scutellum visible.

Elytra elongate, sub-parallel to sides, dorsally vaulted (EL: 1.55 mm, EW: 0.75 mm, EL/EW: 2.07), wider at middle with convex suture. Humeri rounded. Striae with 14–15 punctures, catenulate, not deep. Interstriae flat with thin and elongate setae raised. Elytral declivity> 60 degrees.

Legs elongate and not robust with clubbed femora. Protibia with five acute spines on inner edge and an evident mucro on inner apical angle. Protibia sinuous on inner edge and curved in side view. Metatibia and mesotibia straight in side view. All tibia with noticeable apical comb. Tarsal segment 1 short, conical; segment 2 short and transverse; segment 3 very bilobed; all segments with thin golden setae. Onychium curved, robust and short with one short claw.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus with evident constriction at middle.See Figs: dorsal shape aedeagus Fig. 78 ; apex of penis Fig. 78 ’; IX sternite Fig. 121 .

Female genitalia. See Figs: spermatheca Fig. 164 ; VIII sternite Fig. 207 .

Sexual dimorphism. Males can usually be recognized by their smaller size, slender appearance, more rounded humeri, legs stronger with a more noticeable apical mucro, and ventrites 1 and 2 slightly hollowed.

Paratypes variability. Paratypes, sexual dimorphism excluded, are similar to the holotype but differs in size.

Distribution. See Figs. 223, 223a. Sicilian endemic. Known from Peloritani Mounts and Etna volcano, mainly around Messina at 0–800 meters of elevation.

Ecology and Phenology. We collected S.vitalei by Winkler or Berlese extractors from soil obtained sifting the leaf litter of a Quercus forest with Hedera sp. on gravelly-sandy soil.

Main soil type. Dystrict Cambisol ( European Soil Data Centre; Panagos et al. 2012) .

Reproduction. Amphigonic.

Associated species. Sympatric with Pseudomeira vitalei (Desbrochers, 1892) .

Figures

FIGURES 46a–46n. Facies of Solariola paganettii species group: 46a—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905) ♂ neotype; 46b—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923 ♂ lectotype; 46c—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923 ♂ holotype; 46d—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015 ♂ holotype; 46e—S. comata Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46f—S. graziaensis Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46g—S. margaritae Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46h—S. mariaetheresiae Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holo- type; 46i—S. melonii Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46j—S. nemoralis Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♀ holotype; 46k—S. pacei Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46l—S. pentaphyllica Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46m—S. raphaelis Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46n—S. rosae Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype.

FIGURES 32–32e. Solariola vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923 holotype ♂ from “Messina”: 32—habitus dorsal view (scale bar: 1 mm); 32a—habitus, lateral view; 32b—rostrum, lateral view; 32c—base of the elytra; 32d—elytral declivity; 32e—details rostrum, pronotum, funicle and club.

FIGURES 47–89. Dorsal view aedeagus: 47—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 48—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 49—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 50—S. benellii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 51—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 52—S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 53—S. hyblensis sp. n, ♂ unknown; 54—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 55—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 56—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 57—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 58—S. petriolii sp.n., paratype; 59—S. sabellai sp.n., ♂ unknown; 60—S. saccoi sp.n., holotype; 61—S. selinusia sp.n., holotype; 62—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), paratype; 63—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 64—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 65—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 66—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 67—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 68—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 69—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 70—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 71—S. poggii sp.n., paratype; 72—S. sbordonii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 73—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 74—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 75—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 76—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 77—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923; 78—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 79—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 80—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 81—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 82—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 83—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 84—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 85—S. nemoralis sp.n., paratype; 86—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 87—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 88—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 89—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 255–258. FIGURE 255. “Catanzaro, Sambiase, Terme di Caronte, 260m” type locality of S. zoiai Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. FIGURE 256. “Reggio Calabria, Aspromonte, Montalto“ locality of S. paganettii (Flach, 1905)—Photo by C. Baviera FIGURE 257. “Aspromonte, Santa Eufemia” locality of S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923. FIGURE 258. “Messina, Peloritani, Monte Ciccia” locality of S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923—Photo by C. Baviera.

FIGURES 90–132. IX Sternite: 90—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 91—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 92—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 93—S. benellii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 94—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 95—S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 96—S. hyblensis sp.n., ♂ unknown; 97—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 98—S. mariaeclarae sp.n.,# paratype; 99—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 100—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 101—S. petriolii sp.n., paratype; 102—S. sabellai sp.n., ♂ unknown; 103—S. saccoi sp.n., ♂ holotype; 104—S. selinusia sp.n., ♂ holotype; 105—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), paratype; 106—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 107—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 108—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n. paratype; 109—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 110—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 111—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 112—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 113—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 114—S. poggii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 115—S. sbordonii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 116—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 117—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 118—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 119—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 120—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923; 121—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923, not present; 122—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 123—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 124—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 125—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 126—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 127—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 128—S. nemoralis sp.n., paratype; 129—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 130—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 131—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 132—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 133–175. Spermatheca: 133—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 134—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 135—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 136—S. benellii sp.n., holotype; 137—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 138— S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 139—S. hyblensis sp.n., holotype; 140—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 141—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 142—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 143—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., paratype; 144—S. petriolii sp.n., holotype, not found spermatheca; 145—S. sabellai sp.n., holotype; 146—S. saccoi sp.n., ♀ unknown; 147—S. selinusia sp.n. ♀ unknown; 148—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), sintypus; 149—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 150—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 151—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 152—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 153—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 154—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 155—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 156—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 157—S. poggii sp.n., holotype; 158—S. sbordonii sp.n., holotype; 159—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 160—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 161—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 162—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 163—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 164—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 165—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 166—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 167—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 168—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 169—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 170—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 171—S. nemoralis sp.n., holotype; 172—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 173—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 174—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 175—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 176–218. VIII Sternite: 176—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 177—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 178—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 179—S. benellii sp.n., holotype; 180—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 181— S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 182—S. hyblensis sp.n., holotype; 183—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 184—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 185—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 186—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., paratype; 187—S. petriolii sp.n., holotype; 188—S. sabellai sp.n., holotype; 189—S. saccoi sp.n., ♀ unknown; 190—S. selinusia sp.n. ♀ unknown; 191—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), sintypus; 192—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 193—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 194—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 195—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 196—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 197—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 198—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 199—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 200—S. poggii sp.n., holotype; 201—S. sbordonii sp.n., holotype; 202—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 203—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 204—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 205—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 206—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 207—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 208—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 209—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 210—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 211—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 212—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 213—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 214—S. nemoralis sp.n., holotype; 215—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 216—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 217—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 218—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.