Daphniidae Straus, 1820

Ghaouaci, Souad, Amarouayache, Mounia, Sinev, Artem Y., Korovchinsky, Nikolai M. & Kotov, Alexey A., 2018, An annotated checklist of the Algerian Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), Zootaxa 4377 (3), pp. 412-430 : 415-418

Family Daphniidae Straus, 1820

3. Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg, 1901 , recorded by Gauthier (1929, 1931, 1934). Smirnov et al. (1995) did not recognize this species as valid; according to Kotov et al. (2013a) this is a junior synonym of C. dubia . Further studies are needed to resolve the taxonomic problems of the Ceriodaphnia species belonging to the dubia -group.

4. Ceriodaphnia cornuta Sars, 1885 , recorded by Samraoui et al. (1998) in Lake Oubeira and Bordj du Cantonnier. This taxon is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics of all continents ( Smirnov et al. 1995). It definitively represents a group of closely-related species with more restricted distribution ( Sharma & Kotov 2013).

5. Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894 , recorded by Gurney (1909), Gauthier (1928a) and Dumont (1987). This species is widespread throughout the world, and it is currently considered a true cosmopolitan species ( Smirnov et al. 1995; Chatterjee et al. 2013).

6. Ceriodaphnia laticaudata P. E. Müller, 1867, recorded by Gauthier (1928a) in a single locality, and in some further localities during this study (sites 4, 23, 25, 35, 46, 54, 61, 64, 73, 85, 102). Widely distributed in the Holarctic, Oriental biogeographical region, Africa and Australia ( Smirnov et al. 1995; Chatterjee et al. 2013). This taxon needs a taxonomic revision since under this binomen several different species might be currently lumped.

7. Ceriodaphnia megops Sars, 1862*, recorded by Dumont et al. (1979) in swamps bordering Lac des Oiseaux and nkorthern edge of Lake Oubeira. The species is reported for the Palearctic and Nearctic regions ( Kotov et al. 2013a).

8. Ceriodaphnia cf. quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785) , newly recorded species in Algeria (sites 1, 4, 14, 24, 25, 29, 32, 38, 46, 69, 71, 86, 88). It is a cosmopolitan taxon ( Kotov et al. 2013a), probably represented by a group of closely-related species which need a revision. Moreover, the taxon present in Algeria should likely correspond to a yet undescribed species of Ceriodaphnia reported as “ C. quadrangula ” in the book of Alonso (1996).

9. Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine, 1820), recorded by Gurney (1909), Gauthier (1928a, 1929), Samraoui et al. (1998) and Samraoui (2002), and in the present study (sites 2, 12, 14, 17, 21, 30, 32, 35, 40, 41, 44, 50, 53, 57, 58, 79). It is a paracosmopolitan taxon widely distributed everywhere except for Australia ( Smirnov et al. 1995; Chatterjee et al. 2013).

10. Ceriodaphnia rigaudi Richard, 1894 , recorded by Gauthier (1928a, 1931). This author considered the taxon as valid, while Kotov et al. (2013a) mentioned it as a species inquirenda; its differences from C. cornuta are unclear. Rzóska (1956) concluded that C. rigaudi should be regarded as a synonym of C. cornuta (but see the cornuta section above).

11. Ceriodaphnia rotunda (Straus, 1820), recorded by Gauthier (1928a) in a single site, and by Samraoui (2002) in pond Berrihane-Sud. Almost cosmopolitan taxon ( Kotov et al. 2013a).

12. Daphnia ( Ctenodaphnia ) atkinsoni Baird, 1859, recorded by Gauthier (1928a, 1934) and Beadle (1943), and in the frame of the present study (sites 71, 75, 76, 77). It is a Palearctic taxon ( Kotov et al. 2013a), apparently represented by a number of cryptic species (Petrusek et al. 2009).

13. Daphnia ( Ctenodaphnia ) barbata Weltner, 1898*, recorded by Dumont (1979) in Righia. Predominantly Afrotropical species ( Benzie 2005; Kotov et al. 2013a).

14. Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) carinata King, 1853 , recorded by Gauthier (1928a, b, 1929, 1931). This taxon is distributed in Australasia, Southern Asia and Africa and it apparently includes a number of different species ( Adamowicz et al. 2009). The presence of a member of this group in Africa is confirmed by genetic methods (see Mergeay et al. 2005).

15. Daphnia ( Ctenodaphnia ) chevreuxi Richard, 1896 *, described by Richard (1896a) based on Algerian samples from Annaba, the species was found in Algeria by Gauthier (1928a), Samraoui et al. (1998), Samraoui (2002) and in this study (sites 4, 6, 46, 47, 53, 56, 69). It is a Mediterranean species ( Benzie 2005). The biology of the Algerian populations has been studied by Touati & Samraoui (2002).

16. Daphnia ( Ctenodaphnia ) deserti Gauthier, 1937 *, initially described from "Abancor Ahetes (Hoggar, Tifidest)" in Southern Algeria ( Gauthier 1937) and then found by Brehm (1958) in Hoggar and Tassili. Its distribution is restricted to Sahara region ( Hudec 1993).

17. Daphnia (Daphnia) ambigua Scourfield, 1947, recorded by Amar et al. (2012) in Hammam Boughrara Dam (Tlemcen province). This record is doubtful because no description was given for this record. It is a Nearctic, Neotropical and Palearctic species ( Kotov et al. 2013a), but its presence in the Palearctic is a result of anthropogenic introduction ( Benzie 2005).

18. Daphnia (Daphnia) curvirostris Eylmann, 1887*, it is a newly recorded species for Algeria, where it was collected in sites 4, 8, 12, 13, 21, 56, 67, 86. Palearctic species, which also occurs in the north-western part of North America ( Kotov et al. 2013a; Popova & Kotov 2013).

19. Daphnia (Daphnia) galeata Sars, 1864 , newly recorded species for Algeria (sites 109–112); considered to be mostly Palearctic ( Benzie 2005), but it has also been recorded in the Nearctic ( Ishida & Taylor 2007).

20. Daphnia (Daphnia) hyalina Leydig, 1860 , recorded only by Bidi-Akli et al. (2014) in the Dam of Zeralda, unfortunately without providing a description. Palearctic species ( Kotov et al. 2013a) which is considered as an ecological morph of D. longispina O.F. Müller by Petrusek et al. (2008), however, this conclusion should be revised (Kotov 2015).

21. Daphnia (Daphnia) longispina (O. F. Müller, 1776) was recorded by Gauthier (1928a) in three sites. Under this binomen, it is currently included an almost cosmopolitan species group ( Benzie 2005) with a confused taxonomy (Petrusek et al. 2008; Kotov 2015).

22. Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) magna Straus, 1820 , recorded by Blanchard (1891), Blanchard & Richard (1890, 1891), Gurney (1909), Gauthier (1928a, 1931), Beadle (1943) De Los Rios-Escalante & Amarouayache (2016) and present study (sites 1, 3, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18-20, 23, 25, 32, 44, 46, 59, 78-80, 84, 87, 88, 100, 103, 106). Distributed in the Holarctic region and Africa ( Benzie 2005; Kotov et al. 2013a). Some aspects of the biology of Algerian populations were studied by Chakri et al. (2010). It is shown genetically that at least some North African populations are conspecific with the European ones ( De Gelas & De Meester 2005), although the taxon D. magna could include a series of different cryptic (or pseudo-cryptic) species.

23. Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) mediterranea Alonso, 1985 *, species newly recorded for Algeria (sites 74, 89, 90, 97, 104-108). Earlier Gauthier (1928a, p. 360) mentioned the presence of Daphnia cf. dolichocephala (most likely D. mediterranea ) in the Sebkha d’Oran. It has a Mediterranean distribution ( Alonso 1985; Benzie 2005).

24. Daphnia ( Ctenodaphnia ) similis Claus, 1876, recorded by Dumont (1979) in Hoggar; it was also found in the frame of the present study (sites 75, 83, 110). It is a widespread species group known from North and South America, Eurasia and Africa ( Benzie 2005) and considered as cosmopolitan ( Kotov et al. 2013a). The actual distribution of the members of the similis -group is unknown ( Chatterjee et al. 2013; Popova et al. 2016). Algerian populations must be checked genetically and/or based on the male morphology, as another species from this group, D. sinensis Gu, Xu, Li, Dumont, Han, 2013 , is detected at least in Ethiopia by genetic methods ( Popova et al. 2016).

25. Daphnia (Daphnia) obtusa Kurz, 1874, newly recorded species in Algeria (sites 7, 15, 25, 26, 35, 42, 43, 50, 51, 63, 69); it is an almost cosmopolitan species recently introduced to Australia ( Benzie 2005). Under this binomen is currently lumped a group of closely-related species in need of a revision worldwide (see Adamowicz et al. 2009).

26. Daphnia (Daphnia) pulex Leydig, 1860, recorded by Gauthier (1928a, 1929, 1931), Beadle (1943), Dumont et al. (1979), Samraoui et al. (1998), Samraoui (2002) and in present study (sites 7, 26). According to recent genetic studies ( Crease et al. 2012), this taxon is represented by a complex of species.

27. Megafenestra aurita (Fischer, 1849)*, recorded by Gauthier (1928a), by Dumont et al. (1979) and in the present study (sites 3, 4, 47). Afrotropical and Palearctic species ( Kotov et al. 2013a).

28. Scapholeberis kingi Sars, 1888 recorded by Dumont (1979), Dumont et al. (1979), Samraoui et al. (1998) and Samraoui (2002). Widely distributed species (Kotov et al. 2012; 2013a).

29. Scapholeberis mucronata (O. F. Müller, 1776)*, recorded by Gauthier (1928a) in Oued Réghaia. Mostly occurring in Palearctic and Nearctic regions, also known in the Neotropics ( Kotov et al. 2013a).

30. Scapholeberis rammneri Dumont et Pensaert, 1983 *, newly recorded species (site 29), known from Nearctic and Palearctic regions ( Dumont & Pensaert 1983; Kotov et al. 2013a).

31. Simocephalus exspinosus (De Geer, 1778), recorded by Gauthier (1928a), Beadle (1943), Samraoui et al. (1998), Samraoui (2002) and in this study (sites 1–3, 8, 9, 32, 33, 38, 39, 46, 50, 60–62, 67, 88, 93). Almost cosmopolitan taxon ( Orlova-Bienkowskaja 2001).

32. Simocephalus vetulus (O. F. Müller, 1776), recorded by Gurney (1909), Gauthier (1928a), Dumont (1979), Dumont et al. (1979), Samraoui et al. (1998), Samraoui (2002) and in this study (sites 5, 11, 13, 14, 17, 21, 22, 25, 29–32, 36, 40, 44, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 57, 58, 61, 64, 65, 68, 71, 79, 81, 82, 86, 92, 94, 101, 102). This taxon is widely distributed in the Palearctic region ( Kotov et al. 2013a), being represented by a group of closely related species ( Huang et al. 2014).