Procyon Storr 1780

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 532-628 : 627

Procyon Storr 1780

Procyon Storr 1780 , Prodr. Meth. Mamm.: 35.

Type Species: Ursus lotor Linnaeus 1758

Species and subspecies: 3 species with 26 subspecies:

Species Procyon cancrivorus G. Cuvier 1798

Subspecies Procyon cancrivorus subsp. cancrivorus G. Cuvier 1798

Subspecies Procyon cancrivorus subsp. aequatorialis J. A. Allen 1915

Subspecies Procyon cancrivorus subsp. nigripes Mivart 1886

Subspecies Procyon cancrivorus subsp. panamensis Goldman 1913

Species Procyon lotor ( Linnaeus 1758)

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. lotor Linnaeus 1758

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. auspicatus Nelson 1930

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. elucus Bangs 1898

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. excelsus Nelson and Goldman 1930

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. fuscipes Mearns 1914

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. gloveralleni Nelson and Goldman 1930

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. grinnelli Nelson and Goldman 1930

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. hernandezii Wagler 1831

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. hirtus Nelson and Goldman 1930

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. incautus Nelson 1930

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. inesperatus Nelson 1930

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. insularis Merriam 1898

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. litoreus Nelson and Goldman 1930

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. marinus Nelson 1930

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. maynardi Bangs 1898

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. megalodous Lowery 1943

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. pacificus Merriam 1899

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. pallidus Merriam 1900

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. psora Gray 1842

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. pumilus Miller 1911

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. simus Gidley 1906

Subspecies Procyon lotor subsp. vancouverensis Nelson and Goldman 1930

Species Procyon pygmaeus Merriam 1901

Discussion: Reviewed by Goldman (1950) and Lotze and Anderson (1979). Hall (1981) listed minor , gloveralleni , insularis , maynardi , and pygmaeus as distinct, but gave no supporting rationale. Koopman et al. (1957) examined the type series of maynardi and showed them to be conspecific with lotor . Lotze and Anderson (1979) and Corbet and Hill (1986) have suggested that only cancrivorus and lotor are distinct, and other species are conspecific with lotor . Pons et al. (1999) showed that minor is conspecific with lotor , and Helgen and Wilson (2003) showed that gloveralleni , maynardi , and minor are introductions to the Caribbean from eastern United States.