Calendula lanzae Maire (1928a: 138)

Gonçalves, Ana Carla, Ouhammoud, Ahmed, Amirouche, Rachid, Santos, Conceição, Figueiredo, Estrela & Silveira, Paulo, 2023, A taxonomic revision of Calendula (Asteraceae) in Morocco, including some taxa from Algeria and Tunisia, Phytotaxa 605 (1), pp. 1-83 : 28

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.605.1.1
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E82AFC0A-1555-CA74-66ED-FE9482ECF841
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Calendula lanzae Maire (1928a: 138)
status

Treatment

4. Calendula lanzae Maire (1928a: 138) View in CoL View at ENA ; Ohle (1975a: 14); Fennane & Ibn Tattou (1998: 23); Ibn Tattou & Fennane (2009: 28); Dobignard & Chatelain (2011: 186); Gonçalves et al. (2014: 271). Calendula echinata subsp. lanzae (Maire) Maire in Jahandiez & Maire (1934: 788). Calendula murbeckii subsp. lanzae (Maire) Maire (1938: 424) . Type:— MOROCCO. Aït - Massi, rochers gréseux près de Tirkou, 500 – 600 m, 21 April 1922, Maire s.n. (lectotype MPU! [MPU001956], designated here; isolectotype P! [P00084055]).

Description:––Annual herbs. Stems (32) 45.8–78.5 (96) cm, ascending, with glandular hairs. Basal leaves (3.5) 4–6.5 (7.2) × (0.8) 1.2–2.1 (3) cm, with 0.2–0.3 mm thick, outline oblanceolate to obovate, apex acute to obtuse, margin deeply sinuate-dentate to ± irregularly pinnatipartite, not wavy, glandular pubescent. Capitula solitary, (1.1) 2.2–3 (3.8) cm diameter, concolorous, yellow to orange. Achenes heteromorphic: outer achenes rostrate (12) 14.8–17.3 (21) × (1.3) 2.3–3.2 (4.2) mm, ± straight or slightly curved, with dorsal spines or muricate, sometimes with an apical ventral tooth; middle achenes bialate (8.7) 9.7–10 (10.5) × (5.8) 7.1–9 (9.2) mm, with lateral wings sinuate-dentate; and cymbiform (5.2) 5.7–6 (6.3) × (2.8) 3.8–4.9 (5) mm, with two ventral teeth, one basal and one apical; inner achenes vermiculate-alate (5) 5.3–6.5 × (4.2) 4.3–4.5 mm, circular to hemicyclic; with a small ventral wing; vermiculate-exalate (3.7) 4.1–4.6 (5) × (1.3) 1.5–1.7 (1.8) mm, circular to hemicyclic; both with small apical and/or basal teeth. Figures 16 View FIGURE 16 , 23 View FIGURE 23 D-F, 32H.

Habitat and distribution:—Gravel riverbeds, mostly composed of limestone, at elevations of 200 – 600 m and is found in semi-arid to arid Mediterranean bio-climate. Endemic to Morocco with a distribution restricted to the Anti-Atlas, in Tirkou, near Bigoudine, Aït-Yazza and Tiout. Figure 13 View FIGURE 13 .

Conservation status:—Critically Endangered (CR). This species is under numerous threats, especially due to urbanization and climate change (extreme weather and drought). It is a rare species, nowadays known only from two populations (one location). The number of mature individuals is estimated to be <250 (100–150 individuals) based on field observations. The AOO is 4 km 2 and the EOO is not calculated, due to the restricted range, which qualifies for CR. Therefore, we propose its conservation status as CR B2ab (i, ii, iii, iv).

Chromosome number:— 2n = 18.

Genome size:—1.85 ± 0.08 pg.

Notes:—In the protologue of Calendula lanzae Maire (1928a: 138) cited a single collection ‘ in rupestribus arenaceis et in arganietis clivi meridionalis Atlantis Majoris: in valle amnis Aït-Moussa prope Tirkou, 500–600 m, ubi martio et aprili floret ’ housed at AL and RAB herbaria. Despite several searches, this collection was not found in either of these herbaria. When the French left Morocco, Maire’s herbarium was transferred to France (P and MPU) and only a few duplicates of types were left at RAB herbarium ( Jury 2001: 156). Ohle (1975a: 14) cited as holotype of C. lanzae the specimen ‘ Marokko, nord̂stlich von Agadir: Tirkou, leg. Maire 1931 (JE)’. Even though this specimen (JE00012974) was determined by Maire, it was collected in 1931, three years after the species was described. Therefore, it is not part of the original material of the species and cannot be its holotype.

Two unnumbered specimens collected by Maire in 1922 at Ait-Massi, near Tirkou, deposited at P and MPU, correspond to the description of C. lanzae . The specimens have labels in Maire’s handwriting reading ‘ Aït-Massi, rochers gréseux près de Tirkou, 500–600 m, 21 April 1922.’ and the determination “ Calendula lanzae ”. There is no doubt that these specimens are part of the original material used by Maire to describe the species (Art. 9.4 of the ICN, Turland et al. 2018). Therefore, we designate here the specimen at MPU as lectotype .

Besides the characteristic of the achenes, C. lanzae differs from other taxa of the C. maroccana group by having pinnatisect leaves. Ohle (1975a: 14) appears to have included in C. lanzae specimens with discolorous capitula. We consider these specimens to belong to C. pinnatiloba .

Additional collections:— MOROCCO. Drâa-Tafilalet: Taroudant Ait-Yazza , S of Ait-Yazza, 257 m [30°28’35” N, 8°48’03” W], 26 March 2013, P GoogleMaps . Silveira , A. C. R. S . Gonçalves & A . Ouhammou 3292 ( AVE!) ; Souss-Massa: Taroudant gravel on the margins of the river Tiout , 424 m [30°23’48” N, 8°42’17” W], 26 March 2013, P GoogleMaps . Silveira , A. C. R. S . Gonçalves & A . Ouhammou 3293 a ( AVE!) .

P	Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants
MPU	Université Montpellier 2
ICN	Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural
S	Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History
A	Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum
C	University of Copenhagen
R	Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile
AVE	Universidade de Aveiro