Aulacopalpus punctatus (Fairmaire and Germain, 1860)

Ernesto Cisternas, A. & Roberto Carrillo, Ll., 2012, Description of the Larvae ofHylamorpha elegans (Burmeister, 1844) andAulacopalpus punctatus (Fairmaire and Germain, 1860) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini), The Coleopterists Bulletin 66 (1), pp. 37-44 : 39-40

Aulacopalpus punctatus (Fairmaire and Germain, 1860) , third instar

( Figs. 15–29 )

The description is based on 14 larvae reared from eggs laid by adults and larvae collected in pastures in the Los Rios and Los Lagos Regions, from locations such as Rio Bueno, Osorno and Purranque, 40°20′S and 72°58′W, at 75 m elevation.

Description. C-shaped. Width of head capsule L 2 = 3.34 ± 0.13 mm (n = 5); L 3 = 4.8 ± 0.12 mm (n = 14). Cranium ( Fig. 15 ): Ocellus absent. Surface rugose, shiny, reddish brown; frontal suture white and bisinuate, forming a sharp angle at the joint; epicranial suture 1/4 length of frontal suture; 10–12 dorsoepicranial setae and 10–12 lateral setae on each side; 18–20 anterior frontal setae and 24–26 posterior frontal setae; 5 setae adjacent to antennal socket; 16–18 setae over precoila; 8–9 long setae adjacent and lateral to antennal socket when viewed from front. Antenna ( Fig. 16 ): Four antennomeres. Apical antennomere with 1 dorsal sensory spot and 2 ventral sensory spots. Second antennomere 1.5X as long as antennomere 1. Third antennomere with elongated process and ventral sensory spot. Clypeus ( Fig. 15 ): Shape trapezoidal. Surface of preclypeus smooth, lighter in color, without setae. Postclypeus slightly rugose with 2 exterior setae on each side and 10 clypeal setae. Labrum ( Fig. 15 ): Shape suboval, asymmetrical; anterior margin irregular; apical lobe with 2 blunt setae; with 14–16 posterior setae; 6 medial setae and 6 anteriomarginal setae. Epipharynx ( Fig. 17 ): Suboval, without plegmata, proplegmatium absent, epizygum sclerotized and not connected to zygum. Corypha with 2 blunt setae and 2 slender straight setae. Clithrum absent. Haptomerum without sensilla, with beaklike process and 8 coarse setae in transverse row. Acanthoparia with 5–7 short, sickle-shaped setae. Gymnoparia with short setae. Chaetoparia covered with straight setae. Pternotorma, dexiotorma, and laeotorma well-developed and sclerotized, with epitorma and without apotorma. Dexiotorma 1.3X as long as laeotorma. Haptolachus with 2 nesia, sensory cone, and plate; sensory cone equal in size to pternotorma. Crepis absent. Mandibles ( Figs. 18, 19 ): Asymmetrical. Left cutting region with 4 teeth and right with 3 teeth. Scrobe with 10–12 basolateral setae. Dorsal carina with 2 setae. Dorsomolar area with small group of short setae close to molar. Right ventral process smaller than left ventral process. Calx not elongated. Brustia present. Acia welldeveloped. Stridulatory area present, suboval with approximately 32–35 transverse ridges. Ventral process with rough surface. Maxilla ( Fig. 20 ): With galea and lacinia fused; galea with uncus welldeveloped; lacinia with 1 unci, and small tooth fused at base ( Fig. 21 ). Cardo with few setae. Maxillary stridulatory area formed by row of 10–12 acute, anteriorly directed, recurved teeth and 1 distal, blunt tubercle ( Fig. 22 ). Labium ( Figs. 23–24 ): Hypopharyngeal sclerome asymmetrical, strongly developed and sclerotized, left lobe with short row of horizontally oriented setae and proximal area of scleroma without setae. Glossa covered distally by slender setae and posteriorly by robust setae. Postmentum with 4 slender posterior setae and 6 short and medium-length anterior setae in the middle part and 4 long anterior setae. Posterior section of prementum with 1 row of 16 long setae and 1 row of 6 medium-length setae, anterior section of prementum with 2 long and 8 slender and mediumlength setae and 4 lateral setae close to labial palp. Thoracic spiracles ( Fig. 25 ): C-shaped respiratory plate, 0.35 mm long, 0.18 mm wide, with 15–18 irregular holes across diameter ( Figs. 26–27 ). Distance between 2 lobes of respiratory plate 1.5X diameter of bulla. Pronotum: With lateral scalloped scleromas (yellow, irregularly shaped, surrounded by 14–16 setae). Dorsum of prothorax with 3 irregular rows of long, medium-length, and short setae. Legs ( Fig. 28 ): Length of legs increases gradually from prothorax to metathorax. Each tarsungulus with 2 proximal setae. Abdomen: Abdominal spiracles on A2–7 of similar size (0.42–0.45 mm), spiracles on A1 (0.36 mm) similar in size to thoracic spiracles, somewhat smaller than spiracles on A2–7 and spiracles on A8 larger than anterior ones (0.48 mm). Spiracular area with 9–22 short, medium-length, and long setae. Dorsa of A2–6 with 4–5 rows of short and straight setae mixed with long setae. Raster ( Fig. 29 ): Without palidia. Tegillum with 190–200 short, straight, and flat setae, as well as 2 clusters of long, slender, and straight setae at each end of anal opening. C-shaped anal opening. Dorsal anal lobes distally covered with small, straight, and cylindrical setae. Ventral anal lobes with small, slender, straight, and cylindrical setae. Campus with 8–10 moderately long setae. Barbula not welldefined, with few long and slender setae.

Figures

Figs. 15–22. Aulocopalpus punctatus, third instar. 15) Head, frontal view; 16) Distal antennomere, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view, and c) lateral view; 17) Epipharynx; 18) Mandibles, ventral view, a) left and b) right; 19) Mandibles, dorsal view, a) right and b) left; 20) Maxilla, a) dorsal view and b) ventral view; 21) Apex of mala showing unci; 22) Maxillary stridulatory area. Scale bar in mm.

Figs. 23–29. Aulocopalpus punctatus, third instar. 23) Labium, dorsal view; 24) Hypopharynx; 25) Thoracic spiracle; 26) Respiratory plate; 27) Holes of respiratory plate; 28) Tarsungulus of a) prothoracic leg, b) mesothoracic, c) metathoracic leg; 29) Last abdominal segment, ventral view of raster. Scale bar in mm.