Abutilon fluviatile (Vell.) Schumann (1891: 400)

Takeuchi, Cátia & Esteves, Gerleni Lopes, 2012, Synopsis of Abutilon (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, Phytotaxa 44 (1), pp. 39-57 : 47-49

Abutilon fluviatile (Vell.) Schumann (1891: 400) .

Sida fluviatilis Vellozo (1829: 278) . Type: Fl. flum. t. 7: 1827! Fig. 3H–K . Designated by Fryxell (2002).

Abutilon peltatum Schumann (1891: 398) . Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Caldas , A.F. Regnell I-170 (isotype US!). syn. nov.

Distribution and habitat:— Endemic to Brazil, occurring in Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina. In the state of São Paulo the distribution of this species is concentrated in Campinas and surroundings, with all, except for one (G. Hashimoto s.n., SP58285), which is from the municipality of Cananéia. It grows in forest semideciduous and dense rainforest.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Campinas , 3 June 1977, N . Taroda et al. 4943 ( UEC, SP); 3 July 1979, H. F . Leitão-Filho 10147 ( UEC); 29 September 1980, M. R . Siqueira 13019 ( UEC); 8 September 1982, M . Sazima 14184 ( UEC); 17 September 1982, M . Sazima 14185 ( UEC); 15 September 1983, S. C . Chiea 356 ( SP); 15 September 1993, M. M . Pinto 15083 ( UEC); 14 November 1986, L. A. F . Mathos 24049 ( UEC); 26 September 1990, P. L. R . de Moraes et al. 23643 ( UEC); 24 June 1991, C. S . Carmo et al. 24313 ( ESA, UEC); 12 September 1995, R. B . Cardamone et al. 185 ( UEC, SP); 18 June 1996, T . Spinelli et al.107 ( UEC); 17 August 1996, K . Santos 12 ( UEC); 15 May 1997, K . Santos 238 ( UEC); 28 June 2004, L. C . Bernarcci 3752 ( IAC). Cananéia , 28 February 1949, G . Hashimoto s.n. ( SP58285 ). Carioba , 22 May 1943, M . Kulmann 877 ( SP). Guariba , 11 March 1991, I . Cordeiro et al. 840 ( SP, SPF). Matão , 15 July 1995, A . Rozza 172 ( ESA). Piracicaba , 6 June 1984, E. L. M . Catharino 92 ( ESA, SP); ibid., 22 August 1987, E. L. M . Catharino 1108 ( ESA, SP); 2 October 1990, A . da Silva Dias s.n. ( ESA6830 , MBM189291 , SP 295944); 2 October 1990, M. I. A . de Barros s.n. ( ESA6768 , SP 293505); 14 April 1993, K . D. Barretto et al. 257 ( ESA, MBM, SP); 14 July 1993, V. C . Souza et al. 6005 ( ESA, UEC, SP). Porto Ferreira , 30 June 1981, J. E. A . Bertonni 18651 ( UEC, RB) . Minas Gerais: Fortaleza de Minas , 3 December 1981, L. E . Mello 5118 ( R) . Paraná, Conselheiro Mairinck , 20 October 1999, J . Carneiro 772 ( MBM) . Rio de Janeiro: Mangaratiba , 25 March 2001, M. G . Bovini 1801 et al. ( RB) . Santa Catarina: Penha , 16 January 1985, A . Krapovickas & C. L . Cristóbal 39600 ( MBM, RB) .

Abutilon fluviatile and A. peltatum were compared by Schumann (1891) using features of the leaf blades (entire with rounded base in A. fluviatile sub-trilobate with cordate base in A. peltatum ). We here consider A. peltatum a synonym of A. fluviatile based on the analysis of material from the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, which show a large range of variation in relation to these characteristics, with specimens from the same locality having entire to sub-trilobate leaf blades, and rounded to cordate base, like those from the locality of Santa Genebra, in Campinas.

Abutilon fluviatile is readily recognized by having mericarps dorsally covered in long, simple trichomes, and by its peltate leaf blades, the latter being considered unique for this genus in São Paulo. It is similar to A. amoenum and A. mouraei in the indumentum on the branches and calyx, but is distinctive in its acute to shortly acuminate calyx lobes, and mericarps with smooth dorsal suture.

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. peltatum should not be considered a threatened species.

Abutilon mouraei Schumann (1891: 410) . Type: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Serra da Mantiqueira , s.a., A.F.M. Glaziou 13542 (lectotype P, duplicate C-4, K!, P, photo F-9278). Fig. 3L–N .

Distribution and habitat:— Endemic to Brazil, only a few collections are known from Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and in the state of São Paulo, only two specimens from the same locality in Serra da Mantiqueira above 1200 m elevation, one of which was collected during fieldwork for the present research. It grows in wet areas in dense rainforest margins.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Bento do Sapucaí , 17 August 1994, T . Y . Tamashiro 539 et al. ( SP, SPF, UEC); 27 May 2010, C . Takeuchi & T . Takeuchi 73 ( SP) . Minas Gerais: s.l., 16 August 1969, D. Sucre 5785 ( RB) . Rio de Janeiro: Resende , 17 May 2007, V . F . Mansano 7-405 et al. ( RB); 16 April 2005, I . Cordeiro 2992 et al. ( SP) .

Abutilon mouraei is easily recognized by its cupuliform calyx with the basal portion rounded, and long simple white trichomes. It can be confused with A. amoenum , but is distinctive in its distribution, leaf characters, petals and mericarps as mentioned in the key.

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. mouraei should be included in the Vulnerable category.

Abutilon amoenum Schumann (1891: 41) . Type : BRAZIL, s.l., s.a., F. Sellow s.n. (holotype B, photo F-9261!). Fig. 3F–G .

Distribution and habitat:— Abutilon amoenum has a restricted distribution in the state of São Paulo, from Caraguatatuba to the south, spreading from there throughout the south of Brazil to Argentina and Paraguay. It grows in semideciduous forest and on margins of dense rainforest, often on riverbanks.

Specimens examined:— ARGENTINA. Missiones: Monte Carlos , 3 January 1968, A . Krapovickas & C. L . Cristóbal 13683 ( CESJ, ESA) . BRAZIL. São Paulo: Caraguatatuba , 20 October 2000, G. L . Esteves et al. 2760 ( MBM, R, SP, SPSF). Eldorado , 10 August 1971, H. F . Leitão Filho 1239 ( IAC). Iporanga , 30 July 1990, J. M . D. Torezan & M . Silveira 43 ( R, SP). São Paulo, June 1911, H . Luederwaldt 2159 ( RB, SP); 25 October 1943, s. col. ( SPSF1879 ); 25 October 1943, D. Bento Pickel 1880 ( SPSF). Campinas (cultivated), 22 November 1977, N . Taroda 6729 ( UEC) . Paraná: Curitiba , 9 July 2010, C . Takeuchi & C. V . da Silva 80 ( SP) . Rio Grande do Sul: Bento Gonçalves , 5 January 1982, A . Krapovickas & C. L . Cristóbal 37582 ( CESJ, ESA, UPCB, SPF) . Santa Catarina: Concórdia , 16 September 1994, G . Hatchsbach 61055 & J. M . Silva ( MBM, SPF) .

This is the first record of A. amoenum in the state of São Paulo. The material of this species found in several herbaria was mistakenly identified as either Abutilon costicalyx K.Schum. ex Baker or as Abutilon mulleri-friderici Gürke & K.Schum. The presence of glandular trichomes on the branches, petioles, pedicels and calyx, and the staminal tube inserted beyond the corolla, however, left no doubt as to the identification of these specimens as A. amoenum .

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. amoenum should not be considered a threatened species.

Abutilon longifolium Schumann (1891: 402) . Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Quilombo to Bonfim , s.a., Pohl 3001 (lectotype W). Fig. 3A–D , 5I .

Distribution and habitat:— Abutilon longifolium is endemic to Brazil (Minas Gerais and São Paulo). In the state of São Paulo, it has a restricted distribution, concentrated in the municipality of Monte Alegre do Sul and surroundings. It grows in dense rainforest, often on riverbanks.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Amparo, 28 May 1927, F. C . Hoehne s.n. ( SP20586 ). Águas de Lindóia, 17 August 1968, W . Hoehne 6249 ( IAC, SP); 4 June 2001, P . Fiaschi 831 & F. S . Berchez ( SP, SPSF). Campinas , December 1894, C . Novaes 119 ( SP); 16 August 1996, K . Santos 4 ( UEC); 15 May 1997, K . Santos 237 ( IAC, UEC, SP). Monte Alegre do Sul , 26 March 1943, M . Kuhlmann 347 ( SP); 28 May 1999, S. L . Jung-Mendaçolli et al. 1008 ( IAC); 14 June 1994, L. C . Bernacci et al. 352 ( HRCB, IAC, SP, SPF, UEC); 9 December 2009, C . Takeuchi & G. L . Esteves 67 ( SP). Vinhedo , 23 November 1978, A. F . Silva 8860 et al. ( UEC); 25 August 1983, W. V . da Rocha 15569 ( UEC) . Minas Gerais: Santa Rita do Sapucaí , 3 July 1993, M . Brandão 22067 & M. C . Araújo ( PAMG); 7 July 1996, O. S . Ribas 1409 ( MBM) .

Abutilon longifolium exhibits several unique characters: pendant flowers, tubular calyx, vinaceous anthers and schizocarp totally enclosed by the calyx (all other species studied having cupuliform calyces, yellowish to reddish anthers, and schizocarp partially enclosed in the calyx.

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. longifolium should not be considered a threatened species.

Figures

FIGURE 3. A–D) A. longifolium. Schumann A) Branch with flower; B) Tubular calyx; C) Mericarp, dorsolateral view; D) Mericarp, dorsolateral view, showing non-papillate suture; E) A. striatum, branch with flower. F-G) A. amoenum Schumann F) Calyx; G) Mericarp, dorsolateral view, showing papillae on dorsal suture. H–K) A. fluviatile (Vell.) Schumann H) Leaf, showing peltate subtrilobate leaf blade; I) Leaf, showing entire leaf blade; J) Calyx; K) Mericarp, dorsal view. L–N) A. mouraei Schumann L) Branches with flower; M) Calyx; N) Mericarp, dorsolateral view.

FIGURE 5. A) A. latipetalum, habit. B) A. regnellii, habit C) A. striatum, orange petals, showing the reddish veins. D) A. nigricans, entirely whitish petals. E) A. latipetalum, calyx covered with short papillae. F) A. regnellii, flower, showing the calyx with long papillae. G) A. latipetalum, schizocarp sectioned longitudinally, showing columella and seeds. H) A. itatiaiae, habit with flowers. I) A. longifolium, branch with pendant flower. J) A. itatiaiae, schizocarp with eight aristate mericarps. K) A. bedfordianum, schizocarp with more than twelve muticous mericarps.