Astyanax, Baird, Girard, 1854

Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. & Zanata, Angela M., 2024, Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1), pp. 1-548 : 93-111

ASTYANAX Baird, Girard, 1854

AM Zanata, VA Bertaco

Astyanax Baird, Girard, 1854:26 . Type species: Astyanax argentatus Baird, Girard, 1854 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Poecilurichthys Gill, 1858:414 , 417. Type species: Poecilurichthys brevoortii Gill, 1858 . Type by subsequent designation by Eigenmann, 1910:432. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard , but a valid subgenus Poecilurichthys in Géry, 1977:426. Listed as a synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard in Lima et al., 2003:108 and Terán et al., 2020:9.

Bramocharax Gill , in Gill, Bransford, 1877:189. Type species: Bramocharax bransfordii Gill, 1877 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Synonymy with Astyanax proposed and discussed by Schmitter-Soto (2016:101; 2017:1373). Listed as a synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard in Terán et al., 2020:9.

Zygogaster Eigenmann, 1913:22 . Type species: Zygogaster filiferus Eigenmann, 1913 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine. Additional comments: Synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard , but a valid subgenus Zygogaster in Géry, 1977:430. Synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard in Taphorn, 1992:110. Listed as a synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard in Lima et al., 2003:108. Zygogaster Eigenmann is a “candidate genus to be resurrected” in Terán et al., 2020:8.

Aequidens Steindachner, 1915c:34. Type species: Tetragonopterus (Aequidens) fasslii Steindachner, 1915 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Tetragonopterus . Preoccupied by Aequidens Eigenmann, Bray, 1894, in fishes; replaced by Evenichthys Whitley, 1935 . Listed as a synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard in Lima et al., 2003:108.

Bertoniolus Fowler, 1918:141 . Type species: Bertoniolus paraguayensis Fowler, 1918 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard in Böhlke, 1984:52. Listed as a synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard in Lima et al., 2003:108 and Terán et al., 2020:9.

Evenichthys Whitley, 1935:250 . Type species: Tetragonopterus (Aequidens) fasslii Steindachner, 1915 . Type by being a replacement name. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Replacement for Aequidens Steindachner, 1915, preoccupied by Aequidens Eigenmann, Bray, 1894. Listed as a synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard in Lima et al., 2003:108.

Anoptichthys Hubbs, Innes, 1936:3 . Type species: Anoptichthys jordani Hubbs, Innes, 1936 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard in Géry, 1977:418. Listed as a synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard in Lima et al., 2003:108.

Catemaco Contreras-Balderas, Rivera-Teillery, 1985:9. Type species: Bramocharax caballeroi Contreras-Balderas, Rivera-Teillery, 1985 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Additional comments: Listed as a synonym of Astyanax Baird, Girard in Terán et al., 2020:9.

Astyanax abramis (Jenyns, 1842)

Tetragonopterus abramis Jenyns, 1842:123 , Pl. 23 (figs. 1, 1a). Type locality: Rio Parana , South America. No types known.

Bertoniolus paraguayensis Fowler, 1918:141 , figure. Type locality: Puerto Bertoni , Paraguay. Holotype: ANSP 47686 . Synonymy proposed by Lucena, Soares (2016).

Distribution: 332, 343, 345 (Lucena, Soares, 2016).

Astyanax acatlanensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017

Astyanax acatlanensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017:34 , figs. 9(b), 15, 22, 23. Type locality: Río Acatlán , Puebla, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 25028 .

Distribution: 171 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax aeneus (Günther, 1860)

Tetragonopterus aeneus Günther, 1860c:319 [4]. Type locality: Fresh waters of Oaxaca ( Mexico). Lectotype: BMNH 1860.6 .17.41. [Designated by Schmitter-Soto (2021).

Tetragonopterus humilis Günther, 1864:327 . Type locality: Lake of Amatitlan. [ Guatemala]. Syntypes: (at least 4) BMNH 1865.4.29.45–50 (6). Synonymy proposed by Schmitter-Soto, 2017.

Tetragonopterus microphthalmus Günther, 1864:324 . Type locality: Pacific coast of Guatemala; Lake of Amatitlan ; Rio Rimac. Syntypes: (9) BMNH 1863.2.3.8–12 (5) Rio Rimac ,?1864.1.26.349–350 (2) Panama or Guatemala,?1865.4.29.43–44 (2) Lake Amatilán. Synonymy proposed by Schmitter-Soto, 2017.

Distribution: 170, 172, 175, 201, 202, 205 (Günther, 1860c; Schmitter-Soto, 1998; Bussing, 2008).

Astyanax alleni (Eigenmann, McAtee, 1907)

Tetragonopterus alleni Eigenmann, McAtee , in Eigenmann , McAtee , Ward, 1907:126, Pl. 40 (fig. 2). Type locality: Corumba [Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil]. Holotype: CAS 57616.

Distribution: 343, 345 (Menni, 2004; Lopes, 2009).

Astyanax altior Hubbs, 1936

Astyanax fasciatus altior Hubbs, 1936:176 , Pl. 1 (fig. 1). Type locality: roadside pool 3 km. south of Progreso , Yucatan. [ Mexico]. Holotype: UMMZ 102144 .

Distribution: 175 (Schmitter-Soto, 1998; Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax anai Angulo, Santos, López, Langeani, McMahan, 2018

Astyanax anai Angulo, Santos, López, Langeani, McMahan, 2018:1870 :figs. 1,3. Type locality: Stream 1.6 km south-east of Shiroles near Suretka, on Bratsi-Shiroles road, province of Limón, Costa Rica, 9°34’50”N, 82°56’44”W, 60 m. Holotype: UCR 1298 - 06.1 .

Distribution: 207 (Angulo, Santos, López, Langeani, McMahan, 2018).

Astyanax angustifrons (Regan, 1908)

Tetragonopterus angustifrons Regan, 1908a:172 , Pl. 26 (fig. 5). Type locality: Mexico. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1857.7 .31.9 (1).

Distribution: 173, 174 (Regan, 1908a; Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax aramburui Protogino, Miquelarena, López, 2006

Astyanax aramburui Protogino, Miquelarena, López, 2006:2 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Villaguay Creek at Balneario (31°55’S, 59°03’W), Gualeguay River basin, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina. Holotype: CFA-IC-11712. [Bogan et al., 2019:11].

Distribution: 332, 345 (Protogino et al., 2006).

Astyanax argentatus Baird, Girard, 1854

Astyanax argentatus Baird, Girard, 1854:27 . Type locality: Upper tributaries of Rio Nueces. [Texas, U.S.A.]. Syntypes: BMNH 1883.12 . 14.107 (1), MCZ 858 (3) , USNM 869 (28).

Distribution: 139 (Baird, Girard, 1854; Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax argyrimarginatus Garutti, 1999

Astyanax argyrimarginatus Garutti, 1999:586 , fig. 1. Type locality: Aragarças , Córrego Jaraguá, bacia do Rio Araguaia, GO (aproximadamente 15°55’S, 52°15’W). [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 48268 .

Distribution: 322, 324 (Garutti, 1999; Andrade et al., 2012).

Astyanax atratoensis Eigenmann, 1907

Astyanax atratoensis Eigenmann , in Eigenmann, Ogle, 1907:28, fig. 5. Type locality: Truando, Colombia . Holotype: USNM 1659 (missing).

Distribution: 301 (Eigenmann, 1907; Ruiz-C. et al., 2011).

Astyanax bacalarensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017

Astyanax bacalarensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017:10 , figs. 11 – 12. Type locality: southern end of Lake Bacalar , Quintana Roo, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 250289 .

Distribution: 202 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax bagual Bertaco, Vigo, 2015

Astyanax bagual Bertaco, Vigo, 2015:266 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State, Dois Lageados, rio Carreiro downstream to hydroeletric plant PCH Linha Emília, rio Taquari-Antas basin, rio Jacuí drainage, laguna dos Patos system, 28°56’30”S 51°46’30”W. Holotype: UFRGS 19525 .

Distribution: 334 (Bertaco, Vigo, 2015).

Astyanax bahiensis (Steindachner, 1877)

Tetragonopterus bahiensis Steindachner, 1877:571 [13]. Type locality: Bahia. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 57251–52 (2,1).

Distribution: 328 (Steindachner, 1877; Lucena, Soares, 2016).

Remarks: Taxonomic status discussed in Lucena, Soares, 2016.

Astyanax baileyi (Rosen, 1972)

Bramocharax baileyi Rosen, 1972:4 , figs. 1–6. Type locality: Rio San Simon , 6 km. due west of Chisec, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Holotype: AMNH 30197 .

Distribution: 174 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax belizianus (Bocourt, 1868)

Tetragonopterus belizianus Bocourt, 1868:62 . Type locality: Environs de Belize. [ Belize]. Lectotype: MNHN 2016-320 . [Designated by Schmitter-Soto (2017:1371)]. See Schmitter-Soto (2021 for comments on type series).

Distribution: 202, 203 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Salmo bimaculatus Linnaeus, 1758:311 . Type locality: America meridionali. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.34 (1),?NRM 7236 (2). [Types discussed by Fernholm, Wheeler, 1983:215 and Wheeler, 1989:210].

Tetragonopterus maculatus Müller, Troschel, 1845:14 , Pl. 3 (fig. 4). Type locality: Brasilia, Guiana et Surinam. Syntypes: MSNG 9226 (2).

Tetragonopterus gronovii Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:143 . Type locality: Surinam; Guyane. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4402 (1), 4414 (1), A-9810 (1), A-9812 (2). Considered a provisional synonym by Lima et al., 2003.

Tetragonopterus linnaei Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:142 . Type locality: Cayenne. Holotype: MNHN A-9809. Considered a provisional synonym by Lima et al., 2003:153. Type locality: Not listed in the original description. Holotype: MNHN 0000–2636. [In the original description it is mentioned that specimen was donated by Schomburgk]. Considered a provisional synonym by Lima et al., 2003:108.

Tetragonopterus bartlettii Günther, 1866:30 . Type locality: Upper Amazons. Syntypes: BMNH 1866.2.15.17–18 (2). Considered a provisional synonym by Lima et al., 2003:108, not from Suriname.

Tetragonopterus orientalis Cope, 1870:559 . Type locality: Para. [ Brazil]. No types known. [No types of the species were found in the ANSP collection according to Böhlke, 1984:52]. Considered a provisional synonym by Lima et al., 2003:108; not from Suriname.

Distribution: 311 (Garutti, Britski, 2000).

Remarks: According to Garutti, Britski (2000) the species name should be applied only to specimens from Suriname, but the species probably also occurs in the Amazon basin.

Astyanax biotae Castro, Vari, 2004

Astyanax biotae Castro, Vari, 2004:331 , fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, Paraná State, Upper Rio Paraná system, Rio Paranapanema basin, Município de Diamante do Norte, Fazenda Água Mole, Córrego Água Mole (22°38’31.7”S, 52°48’59.0”W). Holotype: LIRP 4009.

Distribution: 344 (Castro, Vari , 2004).

Astyanax boliviensis Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup, Ortega, 2018

Astyanax boliviensis Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup, Ortega, 2018:10, fig. 5. Type locality: Bolivia, La Paz, Iturralde Province , Amazon River basin, Madeira-Beni-Madidi-Candelaria River drainages, Candelaria River at La Candelaria, 13°35’21.88”S, 68°41’31.06”W, 304 m a.s.l. Holotype: CBF 13504 .

Distribution: 318 (Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup, Ortega, 2018).

Astyanax bourgeti Eigenmann, 1908

Astyanax bourgeti Eigenmann, 1908:95 . Type locality: Tabatinga. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 89557 .

Distribution: 316 (Eigenmann, 1908).

Astyanax brachypterygium Bertaco, Malabarba, 2001

Astyanax brachypterygium Bertaco, Malabarba, 2001:228 , figs. 9–11. Type locality: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: Bom Jesus, arroio Água Branca (28°36’S, 50°24’W), alt. 1050 m. Holotype: MCP 26094 .

Distribution: 333, 334 (Bertaco, Malabarba, 2001).

Astyanax bransfordii (Gill, 1877)

Bramocharax bransfordii Gill , in Gill , Bransford, 1877:190. Type locality: Lake Nicaragua. [ Nicaragua]. Lectotype: USNM 16885 . [Designated by Schmitter-Soto, 2017:1373].

Bramocharax elongatus Meek, 1907:110 . Type locality: Lake Managua, Managua, Nicaragua. Holotype: FMNH 5922 .

Distribution: 205 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax brevimanus (Günther, 1864)

Tetragonopterus brevimanus Günther, 1864:325 . Type locality: Yzabal; Rio S. Geronimo; Guatemala. Syntypes: (8) BMNH 1861.8.12.20–21 (2) Guatemala,?1864.1.24.177 (1) Rio S. Geronimo, 1864.1.26.388 (1) Yzabal; RMCA 7057 (1).

Tetragonopterus cobanensis Bocourt, 1868:62 . Type locality: Rivière de Coban. Syntypes: BMNH 1907.4 .10.2 (1); MNHN 0000-5219-5220 (19).

Distribution: 173, 174, 202 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax brevirhinus Eigenmann, 1908

Astyanax brevirhinus Eigenmann, 1908:96 . Type locality: Rio Jequitinhonha. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 20905 .

Distribution: 328 (Eigenmann, 1908).

Astyanax brevoortii (Gill, 1858)

Poecilurichthys brevoortii Gill, 1858:417 [57]. Type locality: Island of Trinidad. Syntypes: USNM 1113 (2). [ Vari, Howe, 1991:34 ].

Distribution: 304 (Ruiz-C. et al., 2022).

Remarks: Species revalidated and redescribed by Ruiz-C. et al., 2022.

Astyanax brucutu Zanata, Lima, Di Dario, Gerhard, 2017

Astyanax brucutu Zanata, Lima, Di Dario, Gerhard, 2017:491, fig. 1–8. Type locality: Brazil, Bahia State, Iraquara, Fazenda Pratinha, rio Pratinha , tributary of rio Santo Antônio , rio Paraguaçu basin, 12°21’13”S, 41°32’51”W. Holotype: ZUEC 12765 .

Distribution: 328 ( Zanata et al., 2017).

Astyanax caballeroi (Contreras-Balderas, Rivera-Teillery, 1985)

Bramocharax (Catemaco) caballeroi Contreras-Balderas, Rivera-Teillery, 1985:10 . Type locality: NW del Lago Catemaco , Veracruz, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 5681 .

Distribution: 171 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax caucanus (Steindachner, 1879)

Tetragonopterus caucanus Steindachner, 1879f:189 [71]. Type locality: Cauca. [ Colombia ]. Syntypes: (several) NMW 57372–76 (2, 3, 2, 2, 2); SMNS 2833 (2) ; ZMUC 993 (1).

Distribution: 302 (Ruiz-C. et al., 2011).

Astyanax chaparae Fowler, 1943

Astyanax chaparae Fowler, 1943c:3 , fig. 2. Type locality: Todos Santos , Bolivia. Holotype: ANSP 69194 .

Distribution: 318 (Fowler, 1943c).

Astyanax clavitaeniatus Garutti, 2003

Astyanax clavitaeniatus Garutti, 2003:3 , fig. 2. Type locality: Surumu , rio Surumu (aprox. 03°30’N, 60°25’W), Roraima, Brasil. Holotype: MZUSP 5146 .

Distribution: 315 (Garutti, 2003).

Astyanax cocibolca Bussing, 2008

Astyanax cocibolca Bussing, 2008:1362 , figs. 1, 3. Type locality: Isletas de Granada, Lake of Nicaragua, elevation 31 m, depth 1.5 m. Holotype: LACM 56648-1 .

Distribution: 205 (Bussing, 2008; Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax cordovae (Günther, 1880)

Tetragonopterus cordovae Günther, 1880:12 . Type locality: Río de Cordova. [ Argentina]. Syntypes: BMNH 1872.4.4.4–11 (8).

Distribution: 339 (Miquelarena et al., 2005).

Astyanax courensis Bertaco, Carvalho, Jerep, 2010

Astyanax courensis Bertaco, Carvalho, Jerep, 2010:269 , figs. 5–6. Type locality: rio dos Couros at Parque Portal da Chapada , tributary of rio Tocantinzinho, upper rio Tocantins basin, Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Goiás State, Brazil, 14°09’58”S, 47°35’43”W elevation 1135 meters. Holotype: UFRGS 11499 .

Distribution: 324 (Bertaco et al., 2010).

Astyanax cremnobates Bertaco, Malabarba, 2001

Astyanax cremnobates Bertaco, Malabarba, 2001:224 , figs. 2–4, 7. Type locality: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: São Francisco de Paula, tributary of rio Santa Cruz (29°23’S, 50°32’W), alt. 850 m. Holotype: MCP 26093 .

Distribution: 334, 335 (Bertaco, Malabarba, 2001).

Astyanax cubilhuitz Schmitter-Soto, 2017

Astyanax cubilhuitz Schmitter-Soto, 2017:50 , figs. 24, 32. Type locality: “spring origin of short stream with underground drainage to Río Dolores , Cubilhuitz, elevation 300 m, Icbolay ”, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Holotype: UMMZ 250290 .

Distribution: 174 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax depressirostris Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908

Astyanax depressirostris Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908 :[3]. Type locality: Ribeira. [ Brazil]. Lectotype: MNRJ 18241 . [Designated by Miranda-Ribeiro (1953)].

Distribution: 330 (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908).

Astyanax dissimilis Garavello, Sampaio, 2010

Astyanax dissimilis Garavello, Sampaio, 2010:859 , fig. 8. Type locality: Rio Canoinhas , tributary of rio Rio Iguaçu near the bridge on highway BR 280 from Mafra to Itaiópolis, Canoinhas, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 105969 .

Distribution: 346 (Garavello, Sampaio, 2010).

Astyanax dolinae da Graça, Oliveira, Lima, da Silva, Fernandes, 2017

Astyanax dolinae da Graça, Oliveira, Lima, da Silva, Fernandes, 2017:1125, figs. 1,2,4. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso State, município de Cáceres, Dolina Água Milagrosa, Rio Paraguai basin, 16°02’34”S, 57°31’40”W. Holotype: MCP 49961 .

Distribution: 343 (da Graça, Oliveira, Lima, da Silva, Fernandes, 2017).

Astyanax dorioni (Rosen, 1970)

Bramocharax bransfordi dorioni Rosen, 1970:3 , figs. 1, 2, 4, 6–9. Type locality: Rio Semococh , tributary to the Rio Chajmaic , a headwater source of the Rio de la Pasion (Rio Usumacinta Basin) 15 kilometers by road south of Sebol, Alta Varapaz, Guatemala. Holotype: AMNH 29411 .

Distribution: 202 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax douradilho Bertaco, 2014

Astyanax douradilho Bertaco, 2014:493 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State, municipality of Maquiné, Barra do Ouro District, rio Maquiné basin, rio Tramadaí system, arroio Encantado , 29°36’28”S 50°12’15”W. Holotype: MCN 19858.

Distribution: 335 (Bertaco, 2014).

Astyanax elachylepis Bertaco, Lucinda, 2005

Astyanax elachylepis Bertaco, Lucinda, 2005:390 , figs. 2–3. Type locality: ribeirão Arara about 500 m of the mouth of rio Maranhão at Rosariana, Niquelândia, Goiás, Brazil, approx. 14°02’S, 48°26’W. Holotype: MCP 37568 .

Distribution: 324 (Bertaco, Lucinda, 2005).

Astyanax embera Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup, Ortega, 2018

Astyanax embera Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup , Ortega , 2018:6, fig. 2. Type locality: Colombia : Nariño Department, Barbacoas Municipality , Patía River Basin (Pacific Coast), Telembí River drainage, in Telembí River at mouth of Yamunde River , 1 km below Barbacoas, 01°39’56”N, 78°09’12”W, elevation 61 m a.s.l. Holotype: IUQ 3614 .

Distribution: 301 (Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup, Ortega, 2018).

Astyanax epiagos Zanata, Camelier, 2008

Astyanax epiagos Zanata, Camelier, 2008:29 , fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Morro do Chapéu, rio Ferro Doido, above Cachoeira do Ferro Doido , tributary of rio Jacuípe , Paraguaçu drainage, 11°37’34.0”N, 41°00’11.5”W. [11°37’34.0”S. Erroneously given as 11°37’34.0”N in the original description]. Holotype: MZUSP 89568 .

Distribution: 328 ( Zanata, Camelier, 2008).

Astyanax eremus Ingenito, Duboc, 2014

Astyanax eremus Ingenito, Duboc, 2014:282 , figs. 1–5. Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Balsa Nova , rio Canivete , at Fazenda Amola-Faca / Registro, tributary to the rio Iguaçu, 25°35’09”S 49°44’01”W. Holotype: MNRJ 39677 .

Distribution: 346 (Ingenito, Duboc, 2014).

Astyanax fasslii (Steindachner, 1915)

Tetragonopterus (Aequidens) fasslii Steindachner, 1915c:48 [34], Pl. 4 (fig. 7). Type locality: Westkolumbien. [Western Colombia ]. Holotype: NMW.

Distribution: 302 (Steindachner, 1915c).

Remarks: Distribution not precisely known. Information based on original description: “Western Colombia ”.

Astyanax filiferus (Eigenmann, 1913)

Zygogaster filiferus Eigenmann, 1913:23 . Type locality: Apulo. [ Colombia ]. Holotype: CAS 62258.

Distribution: 302 (Eigenmann, 1913; Ruiz-C. et al., 2011).

Astyanax finitimus (Bocourt, 1868)

Tetragonopterus finitimus Bocourt, 1868:62 . Type locality: Environs d’Orizaba. [ Mexico]. Comments about type locality in Schmitter-Soto, 2017:1387]. Lectotype: MNHN 2016-321 . [Designated by Schmitter-Soto, 2017:1386].

Tetragonopterus streetsii Cope, 1872a:217 . Type locality: Head-waters of Coatzacoalcos River among the Cordilleras. [ Mexico]. Syntypes: ANSP 15598–608 (11), 32371–74 (4). [Fowler (1906:346); Böhlke(1984:54]). Synonymy proposed by Schmitter-Soto, 2017.

Tetragonopterus macrophthalmus Regan, 1908a:171 , Pl. 26 (fig. 4). Type locality: Mexico, Motzorongo in Vera Cruz. Syntypes: (several) BMNH 1857.7 .31.10 (1), 1905.12.6.19–22 (4), 1906.6.1.268 (1), 1906.6.1.269–278 (10?). Synonymy proposed by Schmitter-Soto, 2017.

Astyanax armandoi Lozano-Vilano, Contreras-Balderas, 1990:97 , figs. 2 (top), 3a. Type locality: unnamed creek flowing through Penjamo , near Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 6380 . [Synonymy proposed by Schmitter-Soto, 2017].

Distribution: 173 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax gandhiae Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup, Ortega, 2018

Astyanax gandhiae Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia , Taphorn , Buckup , Ortega , 2018:13, fig. 6. Type locality: Peru: Department of Amazonas , Condorcanqui Province , Marañon River Basin , upper Cenepa River drainage, 3°58’15”S, 78°41’15”W. Holotype: MUSM 46845 .

Distribution: 316 (Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup, Ortega, 2018).

Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943

Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943:218 [4], figure. Type locality: Rio Aburrá , tributary by way of Rio Porce to Rio Nechí, Magdalena system. Municipio of Medellín, department of Antióquia, Republic of Colombia . Syntypes: (13) ZMUL.

Distribution: 302 (Dahl, 1943).

Astyanax goyacensis Eigenmann, 1908

Astyanax goyacensis Eigenmann, 1908:96 . Type locality: Goyaz. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 89558 .

Distribution: 324 (Garutti, Langeani, 2009).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Garutti, Langeani (2009).

Astyanax goyanensis (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1944)

Astyanacinus goyanensis Miranda-Ribeiro, 1944:1 , figure. Type locality: Rio do Couro , Veadeiros, Estado de Goiaz. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 4129 . [See Bertaco et al. (2010) for information about holotype].

Distribution: 324 (Bertaco et al., 2010).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Bertaco et al. (2010).

Astyanax gracilior Eigenmann, 1908

Astyanax gracilior Eigenmann, 1908:98 . Type locality: Obidos and Villa Bella. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: MCZ 20716 (1), 20838 (1), 21012 (1).

Distribution: 316 (Eigenmann, 1908).

Astyanax guaricana Oliveira, Abilhoa, Pavanelli, 2013

Astyanax guaricana Oliveira, Abilhoa, Pavanelli, 2013:292 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Paraná State, municipality of São José dos Pinhais, Arraial, Guaricana Reservoir , affluent of the rio Cubatão, 25°42’29”S 48°58’25”W [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 112224.

Distribution: 331 (Oliveira et al., 2013).

Astyanax henseli Melo, Buckup, 2006

Astyanax henseli Melo, Buckup, 2006:46 . Type locality: Porto Alegre. [ Brazil]. Holotype: ZMB 7479.

Tetragonopterus aeneus Hensel, 1870:87 . Type locality: Porto Alegre. [ Brazil]. Holotype: ZMB 7479. Preoccupied by Tetragonopterus aeneus Günther, 1860 .

Distribution: 334 (Melo, Buckup, 2006; Lucena et al., 2013).

Remarks: Replacement for Tetragonopterus aeneus Hensel, 1870 .

Astyanax incaicus Tortonese, 1942

Astyanax bimaculatus incaicus Tortonese, 1942:62 [52], Pl. 3. Type locality: Rio Zamora , Ecuador. Holotype: MZUT 3560 .

Distribution: 312 (Tortonese, 1942).

Remarks: Validity of the species is questioned. Listed as a synonym of Astyanax bimaculatus in Lima et al. (2003:108) and treated as a valid species in Bertaco, Garutti (2007:28).

Astyanax integer Myers, 1930

Astyanax integer Myers, 1930:67 . Type locality: Guaicaramo , Rio Guavio, Colombia . Holotype: SU 23726 .

Distribution: 307 (Myers, 1930).

Astyanax jacobinae Zanata, Camelier, 2008

Astyanax jacobinae Zanata, Camelier, 2008:34 , figs. 4–5. Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Jacobina, Itaitu village, rio da Jaqueira below Cachoeira Araponga, tributary of rio Itapicuru-mirim, rio Itapicuru basin, 11°22’19.8”N, 40°29’39.7”W. [11°22’19.8”S. Erroneously given as 11°22’19.8”N in the original description]. Holotype: MZUSP 89570 .

Distribution: 328 ( Zanata, Camelier, 2008).

Astyanax jenynsii (Steindachner, 1877)

Tetragonopterus jenynsii Steindachner, 1877:580 [22], Pl. 3 (figs. 1–2). Type locality: Rio Parahyba. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: (7) NMW 57534–35 (3, 2). [See information about syntypes in Bertaco, Malabarba (2001) and Melo (2001)].

Distribution: 329 (Bertaco, Malabarba, 2001; Melo, 2001).

Remarks: Morphometric and meristic data of the syntypes in Bertaco, Malabarba (2001) and Melo (2001).

Astyanax joaovitori Oliveira, Pavanelli, Bertaco, 2017

Astyanax joaovitori Oliveira, Pavanelli, Bertaco, 2017:174 , figs. 1a–c. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso State, municipality of Alto Taquari, headwaters of rio Araguaia , near Parque Nacional das Emas, 17°53’52”S 53°07’38”W. Holotype: MCP 51897 .

Distribution: 324 (Oliveira et al., 2017).

Astyanax jordanensis Vera Alcaraz, Pavanelli, Bertaco, 2009

Astyanax jordanensis Vera Alcaraz, Pavanelli, Bertaco, 2009:186 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, município de Candói, rio Iguaçu basin, middle rio Jacu (25°37’S, 52°03’W). [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 99137 .

Distribution: 346 ( Vera Alcaraz et al., 2009).

Astyanax jordani (Hubbs, Innes, 1936)

Anoptichthys jordani Hubbs, Innes, 1936:5 , Pl. 1. Type locality: Subterranean stream in the forested mountain region of southeastern San Luis Potosí, Mexico in a region southwest of Valles drained by the Río Tampaón of the Río Panuco system. Holotype: UMMZ 113514 .

Anoptichthys antrobius Alvarez, 1946:278 , figs. 16–23. Type locality: Cueva de El Pachón , Tamaulipas, México. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.

Anoptichthys hubbsi Alvarez, 1947:215 , fig. 1. Type locality: Cueva de los Sabinos, San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles. [ Mexico]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.

Distribution: 167 (Hubbs, Innes, 1936).

Astyanax kennedyi Géry, 1964

Astyanax (Astyanax) kennedyi Géry, 1964 h:28, fig. 3. Type locality: Upper Amazon region , surrounding Iquitos. [ Peru]. Holotype: USNM 200425 .

Distribution: 316 (Géry, 1964h).

Astyanax keronolepis Silva, Malabarba, Malabarba, 2019

Astyanax keronolepis Silva, Malabarba, Malabarba, 2019:177 , figs. 8,9. Type locality: Ubatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Picinguaba, rio Picinguaba (rio da Fazenda), 23°21’50”S, 44°49’47”W. Holotype: MNRJ 51290 .

Distribution: 329, 330 (Silva et al., 2019).

Astyanax kompi Hildebrand, 1938

Astyanax kompi Hildebrand, 1938:260 , fig. 3. Type locality: Laguna Gulnar or Grande , Volcán, Pacific slope, Panama. Holotype: USNM 106510 .

Distribution: 206 (Hildebrand, 1938).

Astyanax kullanderi Costa, 1995

Astyanax kullanderi Costa, 1995:258, fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil: Estado de Mato Grosso, stream tributary of rio Perdidos , rio das Mortes drainage, close to the road BR-070, about 10 km W of Primavera do Leste, 15°32’S, 54°18’W. Holotype: MNRJ 12427 .

Distribution: 324 (Costa, 1995).

Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875)

Tetragonopterus lacustris Lütken, 1875c:131 [5]. Type locality: Lagoa Santa. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9580 (3), NMW 57540 (1), SMNS 2045 (2), ZMB 9200 (2), ZMUC uncat. (25).

Tetragonopterus jacuhiensis Cope, 1894a:88 , Pl. 6 (fig. 6). Type locality: Jacuhy. [ Brazil]. Lectotype: ANSP 21912 . [Designated by Fowler (1907:435). Treated as holotype by Böhlke (1984:49), Lucena, Soares, 2016:114]. Synonymy proposed by Lucena, Soares (2016).

Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) bimaculatus paraguayensis Eigenmann, 1921:256 , Pls. 62 (fig. 5), 92 (fig. 1). Type locality: Paraguay and Upper Tocantins. Syntypes: (179) CAS 38987–96 and 38999 (44), 38997 [IU 10244] (1), 38998 (1), 39000 (1); FMNH 54643–49 (8, 9, 5, 2, 10, 1, 2) ; CM 3274 and 3287 missing.

Astyanax bimaculatus asuncionensis Géry, 1972c:3 . Type locality: Paraguay and Upper Tocantins. Syntypes: (179) CAS 38987–96 and 38999 (44), 38997 [ IU 10244 ] (1), 38998 (1), 39000 (1); FMNH 54643–49 (8, 9, 5, 2, 10, 1, 2); CM 3274 and 3287 missing.

Astyanax altiparanae Garutti, Britski, 2000:67 , fig. 1. Type locality: rio Grande , represa de Volta Grande, Miguelópolis, SP, Brasil (aproximadamente 20°10’ S, 48°03’W). Holotype: MZUSP 18592 .

Distribution: 327 (Lütken, 1875c; Lucena, Soares, 2016).

Astyanax laticeps (Cope, 1894)

Tetragonopterus laticeps Cope, 1894a:89 , Pl. 6 (fig. 7). Type locality: Rio Grande do Sul. [Restricted to laguna dos Patos system by Malabarba, 1989:130]). Lectotype: ANSP 21852 . [Designated by Fowler (1906:348). Treated as holotype by Böhlke (1984:49), and Lucena, Bertaco (2010:11)].

Distribution: 331, 332, 333, 334, 335 (Bertaco, Lucena, 2010).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Bertaco, Lucena (2010).

Astyanax leopoldi Géry, Planquette, Le Bail, 1988

Astyanax leopoldi Géry, Planquette, Le Bail, 1988b:9 , figs. 1–3, 6. Type locality: Saut Alicoto en amont de Camopi, Moyen Oyapok. [ French Guiana]. Holotype: IRSNB 731 .

Distribution: 311 (Géry et al., 1988b).

Astyanax lineatus ( Perugia , 1891)

Tetragonopterus lineatus Perugia , 1891:644 [44]. Type locality: Villa Maria (Matto grosso) Rio Paraguay. [ Brazil]. Syntypes:? CAS 39222 (1), MSNG 9233 (2) [two specimens cited in Tortonese as C.E. 9233, (1961:183)].

Distribution: 343, 344, 345 (Ferreira et al., 2017).

Astyanax longior (Cope, 1878)

Tetragonopterus longior Cope, 1878:691 . Type locality: Moyabamba , Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 21222 . [Designated by Fowler (1906:341, fig. 29, not 30). Treated as holotype by Böhlke (1984:50)].

Distribution: 312 (Cope, 1878).

Astyanax lorien Zanata, Burger, Camelier, 2018

Astyanax lorien Zanata, Burger, Camelier, 2018:473 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Bahia State, Lençóis, Chapada Diamantina , stream tributary of Rio Mucugezinho , itself a tributary of Rio Santo Antônio , Rio Paraguaçu basin, 12°28’02”S, 41°24’56”W, 734 m a.s.l. Holotype: MZUSP 123398 .

Distribution: 328 ( Zanata, Burger, Camelier, 2018).

Astyanax macal Schmitter-Soto, 2017

Astyanax macal Schmitter-Soto, 2017:57 , figs. 10(a), 15, 35. Type locality: “ between San Luis and Millonarios, Cayo District ”, Macal River , Maya Mountains, highlands of Belize. Holotype: UMMZ 250291 .

Distribution: 202 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax maculisquamis Garutti, Britski, 1997

Astyanax maculisquamis Garutti, Britski, 1997:220 , fig. 1. Type locality: Pontes e Lacerda (aproximadamente 15°12’S, 59°22’W), MT, poça em córrego afluente do rio Guaporé (cerca de 7 km da ponte), bacia do rio Madeira, bacia amazônica . [Mato Grosso, Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 37680 .

Distribution: 319 (Garutti, Britski, 1997).

Astyanax magdalenae Eigenmann, Henn, 1916

Astyanax magdalenae Eigenmann, Henn, 1916:89 . Type locality: Girardot, Colombia . Holotype: FMNH 57006.

Distribution: 302, 304 (Eigenmann, Henn, 1916; Torres-Mejia et al., 2012; Ruiz-C. et al., 2011).

Astyanax maximus (Steindachner, 1876)

Tetragonopterus maximus Steindachner, 1876b:593 [43], Pl. 7. Type locality: Tullumayo , Monterico, Peru. Syntypes: (several) NMW 57662–63 (1, 2).

Tetragonopterus alosa Günther, 1876:399 . Type locality: Peru. Syntypes: BMNH 1875.10.4.24–25 (2).

Distribution: 316 (Steindachner, 1876b).

Astyanax megaspilura Fowler, 1944

Astyanax megaspilura Fowler, 1944:228 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Rio Jurubidá , Nuquí, Colombia . Holotype: ANSP 71418 .

Distribution: 301 (Fowler, 1944).

Astyanax metae Eigenmann, 1914

Astyanax metae Eigenmann , in Eigenmann , Henn , Wilson, 1914:11. Type locality: Rio Negro, Villavicencio. [ Colombia ]. Holotype: FMNH 56640 .

Distribution: 305, 306, 307 (Eigenmann, 1914; Schultz, 1944).

Remarks: Validity of the species is questioned. Listed both as a provisional synonym of Astyanax maximus and as a valid species in Lima et al. (2003:111).

Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853)

Tetragonopterus mexicanus De Filippi, 1853:166 [3]. Type locality: Mexico. Syntypes: MZUT 159 (3), ZMUC 941–942 (2).

Tetragonopterus fulgens Bocourt, 1868:62 . Type locality: Province de Cuernovaca. [ Mexico]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5194 (2).

Tetragonopterus nitidus Bocourt, 1868:62 . Type locality: Cuernavaca , Mexico. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5191 (3). Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853) , provisional synonym.

Distribution: 169 (De Filippi, 1853; Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax microlepis Eigenmann, 1913

Astyanax microlepis Eigenmann, 1913:24 . Type locality: Piedra Moler, Colombia . Holotype: FMNH 56209.

Distribution: 302 (Eigenmann, 1913; Torres-Mejia et al., 2012).

Astyanax microschemos Bertaco , Lucena, 2006

Astyanax microschemos Bertaco , Lucena , 2006:54, figs. 2–3. Type locality: córrego Palmital , rio Itapemirim drainage, Iúna, Espírito Santo, Brazil, approx. 20°21’S, 41°31’W. Holotype: MCP 37569 .

Distribution: 328 (Bertaco, Lucena, 2006).

Astyanax minor Garavello, Sampaio, 2010

Astyanax minor Garavello, Sampaio, 2010:854 , fig. 5. Type locality: Rio Mato Grande , Águas Claras, Piraquara, Paraná , Brazil. Holotype: MHNCI 3028 .

Distribution: 346 (Garavello, Sampaio, 2010).

Astyanax myersi (Fernández-Yépez, 1950)

Poecilurichthys myersi Fernández-Yépez, 1950b:15 , Pl. 3 (fig. 1). Type locality: Río Autana , Hoya del Orinoco, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 1127 .

Distribution: 307 (Fernández-Yépez, 1950b).

Astyanax nasutus Meek, 1907

Astyanax nasutus Meek, 1907:108 . Type locality: Lago Managua, Managua, Nicaragua. Holotype: FMNH 5909 .

Distribution: 205 (Meek, 1907; Bussing, 2008).

Astyanax nicaraguensis Eigenmann, Ogle, 1907

Astyanax rutilus nicaraguensis Eigenmann, Ogle, 1907:23 . Type locality: Nicaragua. Holotype: USNM 55653 .

Astyanax aeneus var. costaricensis Meek, 1914:105 . Type locality: Guapilis , Parismina, Costa Rica. Syntypes: FMNH 6349 (1), 7866–73 (5, 39, 15, 2, 6, 61, 49, 25); UMMZ 162475 (5) . Synonymy proposed by Schmitter-Soto, 2017.

Distribution: 205 (Bussing, 2008).

Astyanax nobre Dagosta, Marinho, 2022

Astyanax nobre Dagosta, Marinho, 2022:3 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Groso State, Municipality of Nobres, rio Salobra at Recanto Ecológico Lagoa Azul , Bom Jardim district , tributary of rio Cuiabá , rio Paraguai basin, 14°35’43.2”S 55°58’09.6”W. Holotype: MZUSP 125905 .

Distribution: 343 (Dagosta, Marinho, 2022).

Astyanax novae Eigenmann, 1911

Astyanax bimaculatus var. novae Eigenmann, 1911c:175 , Pl. 7 (fig. 2). Type locality: Rio Sapon , Prazeres, Bahia. [ Brazil]. Holotype: CAS 73206. [Catalog number of type modified according to Freitas et al. (2015)].

Distribution: 324, 327 (Eigenmann, 1911c; Freitas et al., 2015).

Astyanax obscurus (Hensel, 1870)

Tetragonopterus obscurus Hensel, 1870:86 . Type locality: Rio Cadea oberhalb des grossen Wasserfalles. [Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. Syntypes: ZMB 7478 (3). [See information about syntypes in Bertaco, Lucena (2010)].

Distribution: 334 (Bertaco, Lucena, 2010).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Bertaco, Lucena (2010).

Astyanax ocotal Valdez-Moreno, Rodiles-Hernández, Schmitter Soto, 2017

Astyanax ocotal Valdez-Moreno, Rodiles-Hernández, Schmitter Soto , in Schmitter-Soto , 2017:66, figs. 5, 39, 40. Type locality: “ Laguna Ocotal, Lacandon region, elev. 3100 ft [sic; actually, it is only 840 m], lies ca. 75 airline km ESE of Ocosingo ”, northern Chiapas, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 250292 .

Distribution: 174 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax orstedii (Lütken, 1875)

Tetragonopterus orstedii Lütken, 1875a:229 [40]. Type locality: Rio S. Juan, Central-Amerika. [ Nicaragua]. Lectotype ZMUC 948 . [Designated by Schmitter-Soto, 2017:1400].

Astyanax albeolus Eigenmann, 1908:97 . Type locality: Rio Machuca , Rio Siguires, Costa Rica. Holotype: FMNH 6241 . Synonymy proposed by Schmitter-Soto, 2017.

Astyanax regani Meek, 1909:207 . Type locality: Las Cañas , Costa Rica. Holotype: FMNH 6257 . Synonymy proposed by Schmitter-Soto, 2017.

Distribution: 204, 205, 206 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Remarks: Species name spelled Örstedii in Lütken (1875a:229).

Astyanax orthodus Eigenmann, 1907

Astyanax orthodus Eigenmann , in Eigenmann, Ogle, 1907:27. Type locality: Truando, Colombia . Holotype: USNM 55655.

Distribution: 301 (Eigenmann, 1907; Ruiz-C. et al., 2011).

Astyanax panamensis (Günther, 1864)

Tetragonopterus panamensis Günther, 1864:324 . Type locality: Pacific coast of Panama, Guatemala. Lectotype BMNH 1864.1 .26.415. [Designated by Schmitter-Soto, 2017:1402].

Tetragonopterus fischeri Steindachner, 1879b:151 . Type locality: Mamoni , Panama. Syntypes: (several) NMW. Synonymy based on Schmitter-Soto, 2017:1400.

Astyanax grandis Meek, Hildebrand, 1912:67 . Type locality: Rio Juan Diaz , Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7571 . Synonymy proposed by Schmitter-Soto, 2017.

Astyanax ruberrimus Eigenmann, 1913:25 . Type locality: Istmina, Colombia . Holotype: FMNH 56122. Synonymy proposed by Schmitter-Soto, 2017:72.

Distribution: 206, 208, 209, 210 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax paranahybae Eigenmann, 1911

Astyanax paranahybae Eigenmann, 1911c:177 , Pl. 8 (fig. 1). Type locality: Rio Paranahyba. [ Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54714 .

Distribution: 344 ( Vari, Castro, 2007 ; Mirande, Koerber, 2015).

Remarks: Vari, Castro (2007:159) questioned the assignment of the species to Astyanax . Mirande, Koerber (2015a) questioned the occurrence of this species in Argentina.

Astyanax pardensis Salgado, 2021

Astyanax pardensis Salgado, 2021b:3 , fig. 1. Type locality: Panelinha river , tributary of the Panelão river , Pardo river drainage, Camacan, Bahia, Brazil, 15°22’24”S, 39°29’59”W. Holotype: MNRJ 22928 .

Distribution: 328 (Salgado, 2021b).

Astyanax petenensis (Günther, 1864)

Tetragonopterus petenensis Günther, 1864:326 . Type locality: Lake Peten [ Guatemala]. Western Ecuador. [Lectotype from: Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala]. Lectotype: BMNH 1864.1 .26.374 (1). [Designated by Schmitter-Soto, 2017:1404]. Other three specimens from original type series are from Ecuador and not conspecific with Astyanax petenensis .

Distribution: 174 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax pirabitira Lucena, Bertaco, Berbigier, 2013

Astyanax pirabitira Lucena, Bertaco, Berbigier, 2013:227, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, border between Cambará do Sul and Bom Jesus, rio das Antas, rio Jacuí drainage, laguna dos Patos system, ca. 28°50’S, 50°06’W. Holotype: MCP 47707 .

Distribution: 334 (Lucena et al., 2013).

Astyanax pirapuan Tagliacollo, Britzke, Silva, Benine, 2011

Astyanax pirapuan Tagliacollo, Britzke, Silva, Benine, 2011:41 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil: Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso State, Rio Aricá-Mirim , Rio Cuiabá basin, 15°46’04”S 55°30’44”W. Holotype: MNRJ 37621 .

Distribution: 343 (Tagliacollo et al., 2011).

Astyanax poetzschkei Ahl, 1932

Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) poetzschkei Ahl, 1932:124 , figure. Type locality: Amazonenstrom. [ Amazon River]. Holotype: ZMB 20826 .

Distribution: (Ahl, 1932).

Remarks: Amazon River basin, but exact distribution unkown.

Astyanax procerus Lucena, Castro, Bertaco, 2013

Astyanax procerus Lucena, Castro, Bertaco , 2013:541, figs. 4–5. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State, Nicolau Vergueiro , arroio Quebra Dentes , 28°36’09”S 52°27’03”W. Holotype: MCP 47002 .

Distribution: 334 (Lucena et al., 2013).

Astyanax rioverde Lozano-Vilano, Schmitter-Soto, 2017

Astyanax rioverde Lozano-Vilano, Schmitter-Soto , in Schmitter-Soto , 2017:75, figs. 5(a), 6(b), 8(b), 12, 44. Type locality: ditch 4.8 mi [7.7 km] south of Rioverde, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 250293 .

Distribution: 167 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax robustus Meek, 1912

Astyanax robustus Meek, 1912:69 . Type locality: Virginia , Costa Rica. [Virginia River]. Type-locality not precisely located. There are two localities named Virginia in Costa Rica, located far apart. Holotype: FMNH 7682 .

Distribution: (Meek, 1912).

Remarks: Considered a synonym of Bryconamericus scleroparius (Regan 1908) (= Eretmobrycon scleroparius ) by Meek (1914:107) and a valid species by Lima et al., 2003:112.

Astyanax rupestris Zanata, Burger, Camelier, 2018

Astyanax rupestris Zanata, Burger, Camelier, 2018:479 , figs. 5–6. Type locality: Brazil, Bahia State, Chapada Diamantina, Andaraí, Igatu , rio Coisa Boa, tributary of Rio Piabas , Rio Paraguaçu basin, 12°53’55”S, 41°19’01”W, elevation 710 m a.s.l. Holotype: MZUSP 89567 .

Distribution: 328 ( Zanata, Burger, Camelier, 2018).

Astyanax rupununi Fowler, 1914

Astyanax rupununi Fowler, 1914a:242 , fig. 6. Type locality: Rupununi River , British Guiana. [ Guyana]. Holotype: ANSP 39328 .

Distribution: 310 (Fowler, 1914a).

Remarks: Species revalidated and redescribed by Garutti (2003:2).

Astyanax saltor Travassos, 1960

Astyanax saltor Travassos, 1960b:17 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Rio Cachimbo , abaixo do salto, Estado do Pará. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MNRJ 9199 .

Distribution: 320 (Travassos, 1960).

Astyanax salvatoris Valdez-Moreno, Lozano-Vilano, Schmitter-Soto, 2017

Astyanax salvatoris Valdez-Moreno, Lozano-Vilano, Schmitter-Soto , in Schmitter-Soto , 2017:77, figs. 1, 12, 45. Type locality: “ojo de agua” (spring) of Tamazulapan, uppermost eastern Balsas drainage, Oaxaca, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 22296 .

Distribution: 169 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842)

Tetragonopterus scabripinnis Jenyns, 1842:125 , Pl. 23 (figs. 3, 3a). Type locality: Rio de Janeiro. [ Brazil]. Holotype: BMNH 1917.7 .14.15.

Distribution: 352 (Bertaco, Lucena, 2006).

Astyanax scintillans Myers, 1928

Astyanax scintillans Myers, 1928:88 . Type locality: Playa Matepalma , Río Orinoco, Venezuela. Syntypes: CAS 39493 (2).

Distribution: 307 (Myers, 1928).

Astyanax serratus Garavello, Sampaio, 2010

Astyanax serratus Garavello, Sampaio, 2010:858 , fig. 7. Type locality: Rio da Várzea , Agudos do Sul, Paraná , Brazil. Holotype: MHNCI 12346 .

Distribution: 346 (Garavello, Sampaio, 2010).

Astyanax siapae Garutti, 2003

Astyanax siapae Garutti, 2003:4 , fig. 3. Type locality: Amazonas, Venezuela, rio Siapa (afluente do rio Casiquiare ), campamento Siapa II (01°40’ a 01°41’N, 64°22’ a 64°28’W). Holotype: MBUCV-V-29133.

Distribution: 308 (Garutti, 2003).

Astyanax sincora Burger, Carvalho, Zanata, 2019

Astyanax sincora Burger, Carvalho, Zanata, 2019:370 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Bahia State, Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Fazenda Tremedal , córrego Tremedal, tributary of rio Paraguaçu , 13°10’22”S 41°20’53”W, 1083 m a.s.l. Holotype. MZUSP 120747 .

Distribution: 328 (Burger et al., 2019).

Astyanax stilbe (Cope, 1870)

Tetragonopterus stilbe Cope, 1870:559 . Type locality: Para. [ Brazil]. Holotype: ANSP 8085 . [Fowler, 1907:431, fig. 34; Böhlke, 1984:54].

Distribution: (Cope, 1870).

Remarks: From Pará, Brazil, but distribution is imprecise.

Astyanax superbus Myers, 1942

Astyanax superbus Myers, 1942:92 , fig. 2. Type locality: Small brook tributary to the Río Tamanaco (a tributary of the Rio Paye ; Rio Portuguesa drainage) at Camoruco, 20 kilometers northeast of San Carlos, Venezuela. Holotype: SU 36489 .

Distribution: 304 (Myers, 1942).

Astyanax symmetricus Eigenmann, 1908

Astyanax symmetricus Eigenmann, 1908:95 . Type locality: Tabatinga. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MCZ 20768 .

Distribution: 316 (Eigenmann, 1908).

Astyanax tamiahua Schmitter-Soto, 2017

Astyanax tamiahua Schmitter-Soto, 2017:79 , figs. 12, 46. Type locality: Río Cucharas near Tamiahua, northern Veracruz, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 250294 .

Distribution: 167 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax taurorum Lucena, Zaluski, Lucena, 2017

Astyanax taurorum Lucena, Zaluski, Lucena, 2017:2, figs. 1, 3, 4. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Bom Jesus. Tributary of dos Touros River, ca. 4 km northeastern of the road BR-285, Pelotas River drainage, 28°41’06”S, 50°12’51”W, 1056m a.s.l. Holotype: MCP 49468 .

Distribution: 333 (Lucena, Zaluski, Lucena, 2017).

Astyanax tehuacanensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017

Astyanax tehuacanensis Schmitter-Soto , 201781: (b), 10(b), 12, 47. Type locality: Río Salado (or Zapotitlán), 22 mi (35.4 km) south of Tehuacán, Papaloapan basin, Puebla, central Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 250295 .

Distribution: 137 (Schmitter-Soto, 2017).

Astyanax totae Ferreira Haluch, Abilhoa, 2005

Astyanax totae Ferreira Haluch, Abilhoa, 2005:384 , figs. 2–5. Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Balsa Nova , distrito do Bugre , rio Cascata , tributary of rio Tortuoso, an affluent of rio Iguaçu, 25°29’S, 49°39’W. Holotype: MHNCI 10305 .

Distribution: 346 (Ferreira Haluch, Abilhoa, 2005; Vera Alcaraz et al., 2009).

Astyanax trierythropterus Godoy, 1970

Astyanax (Astynax) trierythropterus Godoy, 1970:276 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Rio Mogi Guassu , Cachoeira de Emas, a juzante da barragem. [ Brazil]. Holotype: EEBP 706 [probably lost, see Sabaj, 2020 for comments on EEBP collection].

Distribution: 344 (Godoy, 1970).

Astyanax turmalinensis Triques, Vono, Caiafa, 2003

Astyanax turmalinensis Triques, Vono, Caiafa, 2003:146 , fig. 1. Type locality: córrego Divisão, tributary of right side of the Rio Jequitinhonha , vila de Peixe- Crú, Município de Turmalina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 17°07’S, 42°57’W. Holotype: DZUFMG 005.

Distribution: 327, 328 (Triques et al., 2003; Triques, Queiroz, 2010).

Astyanax unitaeniatus Garutti, 1998

Astyanax unitaeniatus Garutti, 1998:116 , fig. 1. Type locality: Brasil, Goiás: Iaciara, Ribeirão Macambira (aproximadamente 14°08’S, 46°37’W), junto à ponte na rodovia GO-112. Holotype: MZUSP 40542 .

Distribution: 324 (Garutti, 1998).

Astyanax utiariti Bertaco, Garutti, 2007

Astyanax utiariti Bertaco, Garutti, 2007:26 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: rio Papagaio at Pubi beach, tributary of rio Juruena , upper rio Tapajós drainage, Sapezal, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 13°33’35”S 58°24’31”W. Holotype: MCP 40040 .

Distribution: 320 (Bertaco, Garutti, 2007).

Astyanax validus Géry, Planquette, Le Bail, 1991

Astyanax validus Géry, Planquette, Le Bail, 1991:46 , Pl. 15 (fig. 1). Type locality: Rivière Comté , Crique Blanche. [ French Guiana]. Holotype: MHNG 2435.77 .

Distribution: 311 (Géry, Planquette, Le Bail, 1991).

Astyanax varii Zanata, Burger, Vita, Camelier, 2019

Astyanax varii Zanata, Burger, Vita, Camelier, 2019:2 , figs 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Bahia, Ubaitaba, rio Coricó in Fazenda Progresso, near the road BR-330, lower rio de Contas basin, 14°14’50”S 39°22’39”W, 65m above sea level. Holotype. MZUSP 121062 .

Distribution: 328 ( Zanata et al., 2019).

Astyanax varzeae Abilhoa, Duboc, 2007

Astyanax varzeae Abilhoa, Duboc, 2007:45 , figs. 2–4. Type locality: Brazil, Paraná, Tijucas do Sul, rio São João , rio da Várzea headwaters, an affluent of rio Negro, upper rio Iguaçu basin, approx. 25°55’S, 49°10’W. Holotype: MHNCI 11688 .

Distribution: 346 (Abilhoa, Duboc, 2007).

Astyanax venezuelae Schultz, 1944

Astyanax venezuelae Schultz, 1944:359 , fig. 54. Type locality: Río Torbes , 1 km. above Táriba, Orinoco system. [ Venezuela]. Holotype: USNM 121449 .

Distribution: 306 (Schultz, 1944).

Astyanax vermilion Zanata, Camelier, 2009

Astyanax vermilion Zanata, Camelier, 2009:176 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Brazil, Bahia State, Floresta Azul, rio Salgado under bridge on road BA 130, rio Cachoeira drainage, 14°51’18.0”S, 39°39’41”W. Holotype: MZUSP 101243 .

Distribution: 328 ( Zanata, Camelier, 2009).

Astyanax villwocki Zarske, Géry, 1999

Astyanax villwocki Zarske, Géry, 1999c:200 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Rio Pacal , Rio Pachitea basin, Departamento Ucayali, Peru. Holotype: MTD F 22400 .

Distribution: 317 ( Zarske, Géry, 1999c).

Astyanax viridis Salgado, 2021

Astyanax viridis Salgado, 2021a:2 , figs. 1C, D, E, F, 3, 4, 6, 7. Type locality: Santo Antonio stream, Duque de Caxias , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22°36’01”S, 43°15’57”W. Holotype: LEP-UFRRJ 0799.

Distribution: 328, 329, 330, 352 (Salgado, 2021a).

Species inquirendae ( Astyanax )

Astyanax bimaculatus var. borealis Eigenmann, 1908:96 . Type locality: Rio Magdalena and Cauca. [ Colombia ]. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown.

Remarks: Taxonomic status discussed by Lucena, Soares (2016:120).

Tetragonopterus oaxacanensis Bocourt, 1868:62 . Type locality: Oaxaca. [ Mexico]. Type (s): whereabouts unknown. [Schmitter-Soto, 2017:1356]].

Remarks: Status of species discussed by Schmitter-Soto, 2017:1414.

Tetragonopterus orbignyanus Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:147 . Type locality: les Missions jusq’ à Buénos-Ayres, dans le Parana, l’Uruguay et la Plata. [ Argentina]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4530 (1), A-9816 (2) to A-9817 (1) and 9818 (1). [All in poor condition (Lucena, Soares (2016:118)].

Remarks: Taxonomic status discussed by Lucena, Soares (2016:118).

Tetragonopterus paucidens Ulrey, 1894:611 . Type locality: Itaituba. [ Brazil]. Holotype: whereabouts unknown.

Remarks: Species inquirenda in Astyanax in Lima et al., 2003:114.