Kramerana DeLong & Thambimuttu

Zahniser, James N., 2021, Revision of the New World leafhopper tribe Faltalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) and the evolution of brachyptery, Zootaxa 4954 (1), pp. 1-160 : 77-79

Kramerana DeLong & Thambimuttu

Type species: Kramerana linnavuorii DeLong & Thambimuttu, 1973 ; designated.

Kramerana DeLong & Thambimuttu, 1973: 165 [original description, illustration, morphology, new species]; Cwikla & Block- er, 1981: 172, 174 [morphology]; Linnavuori & DeLong, 1977: 199 [key]; Oman et al., 1990: 223, 330 [catalogue]; Blocker & Fang, 1992: 344 [new species, illustration, distribution]; Zahniser & Webb, 2004: 669–673 [description, morphology, illustration, new species, distribution, discussion]; Zanol, 2008: 45 [catalogue]; Zahniser & Dietrich, 2010: 496, 498,508 [phylogeny, morphology, classification, DNA sequences]; Zahniser & Dietrich, 2013: 7, 16–18, 85 [phylogeny, classification, DNA sequences]; Zahniser & Dietrich, 2015: 479, 482 [phylogeny, DNA sequences]; Zahniser, 2007 [online catalogue]; Freytag & Gaiani, 2017 [online catalogue]

Diagnosis. Kramerana can be distinguished from other genera in the tribe by the brachypterous males and females with reticulated forewing venation, the crown shorter than interocular width or rarely as long as width ( K. junina ), crown texture smooth in discal region and shagreen laterally, anterior margin of head not subfoliaceous, crown bluntly angled to face, frontoclypeus texture predominantly shagreen, ocelli distant from eyes, male and female pygofers with few macrosetae, and aedeagus with broad base and narrow shaft, or rarely aedeagus short and broad ( K. linnavuorii ).

Body. Male, 2.9–5.0 mm. Female 3.7–4.1 mm. Body length 2.9–3.1x width of pronotum (males), 3.4–3.6x (females). Crown bluntly angled to face; slightly depressed before apex; anterior margin of head not foliaceous or subfoliaceous, texture shagreen near eyes and irregularly rugose apically. Crown length 0.7x–0.9x (males) and 0.9x–1.0x (females, K. junina ) interocular width; texture shagreen near eyes, disc smooth and shiny, anteriorly with slight irregular rugae. Ocelli present, distant from adjacent eye by 1/3–2/5 distance from eye to crown apex. Frontoclypeus mostly shagreen, or shagreen with smooth texture along muscle scarring. Antennal sockets near middle or lower corner of eye. Pronotum broad, straplike; carinate laterally; texture smooth or shagreen anteriorly, with transverse furrows posteriorly. Scutellum texture shagreen. Protrochanter with stout apical PV seta; with several more setae. Profemur row AV with 5–11 relatively long thick setae; intercalary row with 5–9 fine setae; AM1 present; AV1 present; dorsally with apical pair of macrosetae. Protibia dorsal macrosetae 4+4 or 5+4. Mesofemur row AV with numerous short stout setae. Mesotibia dorsal macrosetae 4+4 or 5+4. Metafemur apical macrosetae 2+2+1. Metatibia in dorsal view slightly bowed throughout length. Metatarsomere I longer than II+III combined; slightly expanded apically; plantar surface with two rows of tapered setae; apex with row of 5–6 platellae flanked on each side by tapered seta. Brachypterous. Forewing with veins reticulated. Hindwing lobelike, rounded; anterior margin of hindwing differentiated to wing base; posterior margin of hindwing not differentiated much beyond posterior margin of metanotum.

Color. General color whitish with little to substantial brown or black coloration. Face usually with some dark brown or black anteriorly and below eye. Abdomen with three pairs of whitish stripes bordered by dark brown, with intervening area tawny to brownish; median pair nearly or fully contiguous. Crown and pronotum with or without stripes.

Male. Pygofer incised dorsally to midlength or less; in lateral view subquadrate; posteroventral corner produced into hooklike process or sharp tooth, or not produced, rounded; with several short macrosetae posterodorsally. Valve large, triangular. Subgenital plates lobelike; rounded apically; longer than wide; without or with few scattered macrosetae; separate from each other. Connective Y-shaped; stem longer than anterior arms. Styles broadly bilobed at base; preapical lobe quadrate or acute; apophysis digitate, with tuberculate texture. Aedeagus with broad base and narrow recurved shaft or short and broad and without narrow shaft ( K. linnavuorii ); articulated with connective. Phragma partly strongly sclerotized, forming twisted plate from inside of pygofer to dorsal margin of aedeagal base, bulbous medially with small setae. Segment X mostly membranous, sclerotized ventrally as pair of lamellate plates.

Female. Pygofer with several short macrosetae ventrally and toward apex. Ovipositor tip extending beyond pygofer apex. Sternite VII more than 2x as broad as median length; posterior margin slightly excavated, undulate. First valvula relatively straight in lateral view; dorsal sculpturing pattern densely granulose, submarginal with distinct unsculptured band on dorsal margin; VSA present, distinctly delimited, sculpturing granulose. Second valvula lanceolate, with slight median hump; without dorsal teeth. Gonoplac with one row of short setae ventrally and at apex.

Distribution. northwestern Argentina, Chile, Peru

Remarks. The two species included in the phylogenetic analyses here were not resolved as a monophyletic group in the strict consensus tree ( Fig. 91 ), but were resolved at the base of a clade with low branch support including Paraclorindaia . Some MP trees (e.g. Appendix 1, Fig. A1 ) resolved Kramerana as monophyletic. A sister group relationship between Kramerana and Paraclorindaia seems unlikely, as Paraclorindaia appears to be more closely related to Clorindaia . Kramerana appears be more closely related to Virganana and Aequcephalus .

Included species:

Figures

FIGUIRE 1. Habitat and live views of some Faltalini. (Q, R) Lihué Calel National Park in La Pampa Prov., Argentina. (S) Dietrichana pampas n.gen. & sp., male (T, V) Faltala viscacha n. sp., female (U) Ackbaria ojosverdes n. sp., female.

FIGUIRE 91. Strict consensus tree from MP analysis of 51 morphological characters. Numbers below branches are MP bootstrap scores. The plesiomorphic condition is macroptery for both males and females (Hecalocorica bidentata ♂ shown in up- per left). Key stepwise transitions leading to brachyptery occur on clades A (char. 20; forewing of Hecullus bracteatus ♀ and hindwing of Acrolithus brevis ♀ shown), B (char. 22; Acrolithus brevis ♂ shown), and C (chars. 20 & 22; Dietrichana pampas ♀ shown).