Proctotrupidae, Latreille, 1802

ENGEL, MICHAEL S., HERHOLD, HOLLISTER W. & BARDEN, PHILLIP, 2022, A proctotrupid wasp in Lebanese Lower Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae), Palaeoentomology 5 (5), pp. 439-444 : 440

Key to subfamilies and tribes of Proctotrupidae

1. Forewing with 3Rs typically short to of modest length, forming short marginal cell, marginal cell along anterior wing margin typically shorter than pterostigma, if as long as pterostigma, then pterostigma comparatively narrow and distinctly less than 1.75× width of costal cell; sclerotized spot (medial sclerite) absent; preoccipital carina present (either complete or present only dorsally) or absent; ovipositor decidedly downcurved; syntergum at most with setae laterally, lateral margins short largely or entirely covering synsternum..........................................................................2

–. Forewing with 3Rs elongate, forming long marginal cell, marginal cell along anterior wing margin about as long as pterostigma, which itself is large, about 2× width of costal cell; sclerotized spot (medial sclerite) present at juncture of where M+Cu and 1M would meet; preoccipital carina scarcely evident; ovipositor not downcurved, projecting caudally in line with longitudinal axis of metasoma; syntergum hirsute, with lateral margins short and thus exposing synsternum [type genus: Heloriserphus Masner ; couplet serves as diagnosis].............. Heloriserphinae subfam. nov.

2(1). Forewing C present, at least as pigmented trace, enclosing distinct costal cell; preoccipital carina present, at least dorsally if not fully; notauli typically absent or if present, then incomplete, faint, or represented by anterolateral pits or depressions.............................................................................3

–. Forewing C wholly absent, thus costal cell open along entire anterior margin; preoccipital carina absent, area wholly rounded; notauli present and complete [type genus: Astarteserphes gen. nov.]............. Astarteserphinae subfam. nov.

3(2). Forewing without M+Cu and 1A; scape without dorsoapical spine or process [ Proctotrupinae Latreille ]...................4

–. Forewing with M+Cu and 1A present as distinct nebulous veins; scape with distinct dorsoapical spine or process [type genus: Austroserphus Dodd ]..........Austroserphinae Kozlov

4(3). Forewing 2Rs absent or present as short tubular or nebulous stub; preoccipital carina typically complete, extending laterally; notauli variable, but absent to virtually absent aside from pits or shallow grooves; metepisternum typically with smooth, polished area of integument of variable size, but sometimes absent; metasoma subsessile or petiolate; ovipositor variable...................................................................5

–. Forewing 2Rs nearly complete as nebulous vein; preoccipital carina present only dorsally; notauli present, typically extending beyond mesoscutal midlength; metepisternum without smooth, polished area of integument; metasoma petiolate; ovipositor long and slender [type genus: Disogmus Förster ]............................................ Disogmini Kozlov

5(4). Metepisternum with large area of smooth, polished, and glabrous integument; notauli typically short and represented by anterolateral pits or weakly impressed grooves; metasoma typically subsessile [type genus: Cryptoserphus Kieffer ].............................................Cryptoserphini Kozlov

–. Metepisternum lacking smooth, glabrous area or, if present, then area small; notauli absent or represented by broadly shallow impressions but never as grooves; metasoma petiolate [type genus: Proctotrupes Latreille ]................................................Proctotrupini Latreille