Hydnophlebia chrysorhizon (Torr.) Parmasto, Izv. Akad. Nauk Estonsk. SSR, Ser. Biol. 16: 384. 1967

Telleria, M. Teresa, Duenas, Margarita & Martin, Maria P., 2017, Three new species of Hydnophlebia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from the Macaronesian Islands, MycoKeys 27, pp. 39-64 : 49-50

2. Hydnophlebia chrysorhizon (Torr.) Parmasto, Izv. Akad. Nauk Estonsk. SSR, Ser. Biol. 16: 384. 1967 Figs 3, 5

Basionym.

Hydnum chrysorhizon Torr. in Eaton, Manual Bot.: 309. 1822

Type.

USA, Hydnum chrysorhizon Torr. in Eaton Man. 3ed. p. 309. 237, C. C., Steward. In herbarium NY! (lectotype, designated by Burdsall 1985).

Description.

Basidiome resupinate, effuse, membraneous, easily separable, orange-brown in dry specimens, reddish orange to deep orange in fresh material ( Burdsall and Nakasone 1978, Lindsey and Gilbertson 1975, Burdsall 1985, Maekawa 1993). Hymenophore hydnoid, aculei dense, conical to subcylindrical, 1−1.6 mm long. Margin with strands very long and well developed, yellowish to cream in dry specimens, reddish orange in fresh specimens ( Burdsall 1985), up to 1 mm diam.

Hyphal system monomitic; subicular hyphae 7−10 µm wide, with clamps, thick-walled, colorless to pale yellow, densely encrusted with colorless crystals and loosely interwoven; strand hyphae 10−17 µm wide, without clamps, thick-walled, colorless, also encrusted; aculei hyphae 4−6 µm wide, with scattered clamps, thin-walled, colorless, and oriented perpendicular to the substrate; subhymenial hyphae 5−7 µm wide, without clamps, thin-walled, colorless, densely interwoven, short-celled. Cystidia not seen, but according to Burdsall (1985) few, cylindrical, thin-walled, hyaline, short, 18−40 × 4.5−6 µm. Basidia clavate, 15−21 × 4−6 µm, with 4 sterigmata, basal clamp absent. Spores narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical, 4−6 × 2−3 µm (L/W = 1.9), thin-walled, colorless, smooth.

Ecology and distribution.

On decayed wood. Described from New York ( Eaton 1822), this species has been reported from: Africa: Cameroon, ( Roberts 2000), and Seychelles ( Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2009); North America: USA, Arizona, Florida, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennesse, Wisconsin ( Lindsey and Gilbertson 1975, Burdsall and Nakasone 1978, Burdsall 1985, Nakasone 2012); South America: Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil ( Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2007); Meso America: Puerto Rico ( Hjortstam and Ryvarden 2009), as well as Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ( Nakasone 2012); Asia: Japan ( Maekawa 1993).

Other specimens examined.

USA. Ohio, Hamilton Co. Sharon Woods County Park, on Quercus sticks, 13 October 1973, W.B. & V.G. Cooke 48958. New York, New Dorp, Staten Island, 17 October 1896, col. L.M. Underwood.

Remarks.

This species has very long and well-developed strands and, microscopically, it is the only species in the genus with spores narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical (L/W = 1.9) and scattered clamps in the aculei hyphae.

Based on morphological analyses, Burdsall (1985) considered Hydnum fragilissimum Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Hydnum ischnodes Berk., and Hydnum chrysocomum Underw. as synonyms of H. chrysorhizon ; and according to Nakasone (2012) Hydnum schweinitzii Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Hydnum chrysodon Berk. & M.A. Curtis, and Merulius elliottii Massee are other synonyms.