Brasineura diamantina Silva‑Neto & García Aldrete
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https://doi.org/ 10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.43 |
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10528487 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB668780-FF97-FFCA-FFEB-FC0FD725CD04 |
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Carolina |
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Brasineura diamantina Silva‑Neto & García Aldrete |
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Brasineura diamantina Silva‑Neto & García Aldrete View in CoL ( Figs. 1‑8 View Figures 1-8 ).
Brasineura diamantina Silva-Neto & García Aldrete 2015: 171 , Figs. 1-7 View Figures 1-8 ; Silva-Neto & García Aldrete 2016 (catalog); Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael 2016b: 445 (taxonomy); Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael 2016c: 80 (phylogeny); Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael 2018: 547 (taxonomy).
Revised diagnosis. Forewing vein M with 4-7 primary branches; hindwing vein M with 2-5 primary branches. Hypandrium anteriorly concave with border strongly sclerotized and triangular distally (fig. 6 in Silva-Neto & Garcia Aldrete, 2015); phallosome with external parameres not forked, distally with a small tripartite area heavily sclerotized; three pairs of endophallic sclerites; an antero-mesal pair long, slender, proximally almost touching in the middle, bearing a row of small spines, distally pointed; a posterior pair wide based, narrowing distally, then curving distally to a pointed apex; antero-lateral pair short, widest in the middle, narrowing to the ends (fig. 7 in Silva-Neto & Garcia Aldrete, 2015); ninth sternum with an anterior area almost elliptic, slightly concave in the middle, anteriorly and posteriorly; mesal area wide, transverse, with inner margin almost trapezoidal and antero-lateral corners narrowing posteriorly, with apices acuminate; a posterior area with numerous small lines, proximally wide, narrowing posteriorly ( Fig. 6 View Figures 1-8 ); gonapophyses with six large setae on outer lob ( Fig. 7 View Figures 1-8 ).
Description of the female
Color: Body pale yellow, with brown and pale brown areas as indicated below. Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline, with ochre centripetal crescents; head pattern ( Fig. 1 View Figures 1-8 ); a brown band on vertex, from each compound eye to upper part of ocellar group; a brown irregular band between compound eyes, limited posteriorly by the postclypeus; each gena with a brown band from low- er compound eye to subgenal sulcus. Scape, pedicel and f1 pale brown, f2-f4 brown. Maxillary palps pale yellow, Mx4 more pigmented distally. Legs with coxae yellow; trochanters, femora, tibiae and tarsomeres pale brown. Forewings almost hyaline, as illustrated in Fig. 2 View Figures 1-8 ; a brown spot on confluence of Cu2-1A; veins brown. Hindwing ( Fig. 3 View Figures 1-8 ) almost hyaline throughout, veins brown.
Morphology: Compound eyes without interommatidial setae ( Fig. 1 View Figures 1-8 ). Outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with five denticles and distally markedly sclerotized ( Fig. 4 View Figures 1-8 ). Forewing pterostigma elongate, constricted proximally, wider in the middle. Areola postica tall, wide basally, triangular, with apex rounded; vein M with five primary branches, M5 distally forked, resulting in M5a and M5b ( Fig. 2 View Figures 1-8 ; see also variation of the other females below). Hindwing Rs-M joined for a distance, Rs, R₂ ₊ ₃ and R₄ ₊ ₅ almost straight, M vein 2-branched ( Fig. 3 View Figures 1-8 ; see also variation of the other females below). Subgenital plate broad, wide basally, with sides converging towards a straight posterior border, pigmented area wide, V-shaped, setae as illustrated in Fig. 5 View Figures 1-8 . Ninth sternum ( Fig. 6 View Figures 1-8 ) broad, with three distinct areas, an anterior area weakly sclerotized, almost elliptic, slightly concave in the middle, anteriorly and posteriorly; a mesal area heavily sclerotized, wide, transverse, with inner margin almost trapezoidal and antero-lateral corners narrowing posteriorly, with apices acuminate; a posterior área with numerous small lines, proximally wide, narrowing posteriorly. Gonapophyses: v1 stoutest near its base rather than in the middle and distally acuminate; outer edge and ends heavily sclerotized; v2 + 3 broad, narrowing at the ends, with long, almost rectangular heel, distally blunt; six setae on out- er lobe, distal process slender, short and distally lightly acuminate ( Fig. 7 View Figures 1-8 ). Epiproct triangular, with three mesal setae, other setae as illustrated in Fig. 8 View Figures 1-8 . Paraprocts almost triangular, broad, sensory fields with 27 trichobothria on basal rosettes; setae as illustrated in Fig. 8 View Figures 1-8 .
Measurements (in microns): FW: 4660, HW: 3284, F: 1235, T: 2138, t1: 832, t2: 88, t3: 133, f1: 990, f2: 1044, f3: 913, f4: 970, Mx4: 315, IO: 478, D: 448, d: 294, PO: 0.66.
Below are the additional specimens (9 females and 22 males) that presented the pattern of fore-hindwing veins identical to the female described above and to the holotype of B. diamantina (see figures 2 and 3 in Silva- Neto & García Aldrete, 2015).
Material examined: Females: 2 of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina,Abaíra, Catolés de Cima, Cachoeira Pinga Pinga. 07°08’07.2”S, 35°47’17.8”W. 01.xi.2013. Light trap. Nascimento et al., 5 (including the female described above) of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Sempre Viva, Corrego Boiadeiro , 13°00’S, 41°22”W. Malaise 4. vii.2015. 3 of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Piatã, Cachoeira do Patricio. 13°05’13”S, 41°51’10”W. 05.xi.2013. Menezes, E. Light trap. Males: 10 of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Abaíra, Catolés de Cima, Cachoeira Pinga Pinga. 07°08’07.2”S, 35°47’17.8”W. 01.xi.2013. Light trap. Nascimento et al., 7 of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Sempre Viva, Corrego Boiadeiro , 13°00’S, 41°22”W. Malaise 4. vii.2015. 2 of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Piatã, Cachoeira do Patricio. 13°05’13”S, 41°51’10”W. 05.xi.2013. Menezes, E. Light trap. 2 of Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Sempre Viva. 12°57’585”S, 41°20’495”W. Ligth trap. iii.2018. Vanine & Daniel. 1 of Brazil, Bahia, Andaraí, Igatu, Rio Coisa Boa. 12°53’33.7”S, 41°18’58.8”W. 11.iii.2011. Luz. Calor, A. Camelier, P. Zanata, A.
Variations and anomalies in the fore‑ and hindwing veins of males
Below, the 34 different types of variations and anomalies, of the fore- and hindwing veins, found in males and females of B. diamantina are described:
Type 1. Forewing M with four primary branches, without secondary branches (variation) ( Fig. 9 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 2. Forewing M with four primary branches, M₄ forked resulting in M₄ a and M₄ b (variation) ( Fig. 10 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 3. Forewing M with four primary branches, M₂ and M₄ forked, resulting in M₂ a, M₂ b, M₄ a and M₄ b (variation) ( Fig. 11 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 4. Forewing M with four primary branches, M₃ forked and M₄ forked distally, resulting in M₃ a, M₃ b, M₄ a and M₄ b; R₂ ₊ ₃ forked, with R₂ connect- ed to pterostigma and this with a transverse vein (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 12 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 5. Forewing M with five primary branches, without secondary branches (variation) ( Fig. 13 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 6. Forewing M with five primary branches, with M₃ and M₅ forked, resulting in M₃ a, M₃ b, M₅ a and M₅ b (variation) ( Fig. 14 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 7. Forewing M with five primary branches, with M₂ and M₅ forked, resulting in M₂ a, M₂ b, M₅ a and M₅ b (variation) ( Fig. 15 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 8. Forewing M with five primary branches, with M₂ forked resulting in M₂ a, M₂ b and M₅ three branched resulting in M₅ a, M₅ b ₁ and M₅ b ₂ (variation) ( Fig. 16 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 9. Forewing M with five primary branches, with M₄ and M₅ forked, resulting in M₄ a, M₄ b, M₅ a and M₅ b (variation) ( Fig. 17 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 10. Forewing M with five primary branches, M₅ three branched, resulting in M₅ a, M₅ b ₁ and M₅ b ₂ (variation) ( Fig. 18 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 11. Forewing M with five primary branches, M₃ forked resulting in M₃ a M₃ b and M₅ three branched resulting in M₅ a, M₅ b ₁ and M₅ b ₂ (variation) ( Fig. 19 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 12. Forewing M of five primary branches, M₅ forked, resulting in M₅ a, and M₅ b and with a transverse vein between them (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 20 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 13. Forewing M with five primary branches, M₅ three branched, resulting in M₅ a, M₅ b ₁ and M₅ b ₂; vein R₄ ₊ ₅ distally forked (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 21 View Figures 9-21 ).
Type 14. Forewing M with five primary branches, with M₄ and M₅ forked, resulting in M₄ a, M₄ b, M₅ a and M₅ b and with a transverse vein between M₄ b and M₅ a (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 22 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 15. Forewing M of five primary branches, M₅ forked, resulting in M₅ a and M₅ b and with a spur-vein in M₅ b (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 23 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 16. Forewing M with six primary branches, without secondary branches (variation) ( Fig. 24 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 17. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₆ forked resulting in M₆ a and M₆ b (variation) ( Fig. 25 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 18. Fore wing M with six primary branches, M₆ three branched, resulting in M₆ a, M₆ b ₁ and M₆ b ₂ (variation) ( Fig. 26 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 19. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₄ forked resulting in M₄ a and M₄ b (variation) ( Fig. 27 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 20. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₆ forked, resulting in M₆ a and M₆ b, areola postica with a spur-vein (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 28 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 21. Forewing M of six primary branches, M₆ forked, resulting in M₆ a and M₆ b and with a spur-vein in M₆ b (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 29 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 22. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₆ forked, with M₆ a three branched and M₆ b as a spur-vein (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 30 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 23. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₅ and M₆ fused proximally and subsequently trifurcated (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 31 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 24. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₆ forked resulting in M₆ a, and M₆ b with a transverse vein between them (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 32 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 25. Forewing M with six primary branches, M₆ forked resulting in M₆ a, and M₆ b with a transverse vein between them and M₆ a forked (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 33 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 26. Forewing R₄ ₊ ₅ distally forked (anomaly) ( Fig. 34 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 27. Forewing with a crossvein between R₄ ₊ ₅ and M (anomaly) ( Fig. 35 View Figures 22-35 ).
Type 28. Hindwing M with two primary branches, M₂ forked, resulting in M₂ a and M₂ b (variation) ( Fig. 36 View Figures 36-42 ).
Type 29. Hindwing M vei with three primary branches (variation) ( Fig. 37 View Figures 36-42 ).
Type 30. Hindwing M with three primary branches, M₃ distally branched, resulting in M₃ a and M₃ b (variation) ( Fig. 38 View Figures 36-42 ).
Type 31. Hindwing M with four primary branches (variation) ( Fig. 39 View Figures 36-42 ).
Type 32. Hindwing M with four primary branches; R₂ ₊ ₃ distally forked (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 40 View Figures 36-42 ).
Type 33. Hindwing M with five primary branches. (variation) ( Fig. 41 View Figures 36-42 ).
Type 34. Hindwing M with two primary branches, and with R₂ ₊ ₃ distally forked (variation and anomaly) ( Fig. 42 View Figures 36-42 ).
Variations and anomalies in the fore‑hindwing veins of females
17 females had some type of variation or anomaly described above, at least on one of the fore-hindwing (left or right or both) as described below:
1 female (F1) with right forewing type 5 and left forewing type 23; 1 female (F2) with right forewing type 17 and left forewing type 10; 1 female (F3) with forewings type 17; 1 female (F4) with left forewing type 2; 1 female (F5) with left forewing type 1; 1 female (F6) with left forewing type 10; 2 females (F7, F14) with right forewing type 10; 3 females (F8, F11, F13) with right forewing type 17; 1 female (F9) with right forewing type 17 and right hindwing type 29; 1 female (F10) with left forewing type 5; 1 female (F12) with forewings type 17, right hindwing type 32 and left hindwing type 30; 1 female (F15) with with right forewing type 12; 1 female (F16) with left forewing type 17; 1 female (F17) with right forewing type 4 and left forewing type 3.
Material examined: 8 females (F1-F7, F14): Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Abaíra,Catolés de Cima,Cachoeira Pinga Pinga. 07°08’07.2”S, 35°47’17.8”W. 01.xi.2013. Light trap. Nascimento et al., 5 females (F8-F10, F16, F17): Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Sempre Viva, Córrego Boiadeiro , 13°00’S, 41°22”W. Malaise 4. vii.2015. 3 females (F11, F12, F15): Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Piatã, Cachoeira do Patricio. 13°05’13”S, 41°51’10”W. 05.xi.2013. Menezes, E. Light trap. 1 female (F23): Brazil, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Sempre Viva , 12°57’585”S, 41°20’495”W. Ligth trap. iii.2018. Vanine & Daniel.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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