Xylaria, Hill ex Schrank, 1789

Gondim, Nicole Helena De Brito, Maia, Leonor Costa & Melo, Roger Fagner Ribeiro, 2025, Checklist of Xylaria Hill ex Schrank (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Phytotaxa 689 (1), pp. 99-116 : 101-109

Checklist of Xylaria from Atlantic Forest, Brazil

1. Xylaria acerata Bat. & A.F. Vital, Revista Brasileira de Biologia 1 (1): 41 (1956)

Habitat: Endemic, Atlantic Forest PE ( Batista & Vital 1956).

2. Xylaria alboareolata Y.-M. Ju & J. D. Rogers , North American Fungi 7 (9): 18 (2012)

≡ Hypoxylon areolatum Berk. & M.A. Curtis (1869)

= Xylaria areolata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers (1999)

= Xylosphaera areolata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Dennis (1970)

= Penzigia areolata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) J.H. Mill. (1961)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest : PR ( Brotto 2021) ; PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021).

3. Xylaria allantoidea (Berk.) Fr. , Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. 3, 1: 127 (1851)

≡ Sphaeria allantoidea Berk. (1839)

= Hypoxylon allantoideum (Berk.) Mont (1842)

= Sphaeria allantoidea Berk. (1839)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Luz & Santos 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), PR ( Venturi, 2021), SC ( Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2009), RJ ( Calabuig 2014), SP ( Gugliotta 2021); Cerrado: MT ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Marchioretto 2021).

First record for the Alagoas State.

4. Xylaria anisopleura (Mont.) Fr. , Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Ser. 3 1(1): 127 (1851)

≡ Hypoxylon anisopleuron Mont. 1840

= Hypoxylon anisopleuron Mont. (1840)

= Xylosphaera anisopleura (Mont.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: PA ( Rodrigues 1993) AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015); Atlantic Forest: PB (Barbosa 2021), BA ( Marchioretto 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RJ, RS, SP ( Gugliotta 2021), SC ( Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2009).

First record for the Alagoas State.

5. Xylaria apiculata Cooke, Grevillea 8 (46): 66 (1879)

= Xylosphaera apiculata (Cooke) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015), RO ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Menezes & Martins 2021), ES ( Roque 2021), PB ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RJ ( Gugliotta 2021), SC ( Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2009), SP ( Gugliotta 2021); Cerrado: DF ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Rick 1935).

6. Xylaria arbuscula Sacc., Michelia 1 (2): 249 (1878)

= Hypoxylon mellisii Berk. (1875)

= Hypoxylon mellissii Berk. (1875)

= Xylosphaera mellisii (Berk.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Luz & Santos 2021), PE ( Araújo 2021), SP ( Gugliotta 2021); Pampa: RS ( Telenius 2016).

First record for the Alagoas State.

7. Xylaria berkeleyi Mont., Grevillea 11 (59): 85 (1883)

= Xylosphaera berkeleyi (Mont.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: PA ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Menezes & Martins 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Cerrado: DF ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Rick 1935).

8. Xylaria berteri (Mont.) Cooke ex J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Ju [as ‘berteri’], North America Fungi 7(9): 18 (2012) ≡ Sphaeria berteroi Mont., (1835)

= Hypoxylon berterii (Mont.) Mont. (1850)

= Sphaeria berterii Mont. (1835)

= Xylosphaera berterii (Mont.) Dennis (1970)

= Penzigia berteroi (Mont.) L.W. Mill. (1934)

= Hypoxylon berteroi (Mont.) Mont. (1850)

= Xylosphaera berteri (Mont.) Dennis (1970)

= Xylaria berteroi (Mont.) Cooke (1918)

= Xylaria berteroi (Mont.) Cooke ex J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Ju (2012)

= Hypoxylon berteri (Mont.) Mont. (1850)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: SP ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Rick 1935).

9. Xylaria carpophila (Pers.) Fr., Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviae 2: 382 (1849) ≡ Sphaeria carpophila Pers., (1795)

= Cordyceps carpophila (Pers.) Fr (1818)

= Cordylia carpophila (Pers.) Fr. (1818)

= Hypoxylon carpophilum (Pers.) Link (1833)

= Sphaeria carpophila Pers. (1796)

= Xylaria carpophila var. luxurians Rehm (1901)

= Xylaria luxurians (Rehm) Lloyd (1918)

= Xylosphaera carpophila (Pers.) Dumort. (1822)

= Xylosphaera luxurians (Rehm) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: ES ( Fernandes 2021); Pampa: RS ( Rick 1935).

10. Xylaria castorea Berk. , The botany of the Antarctic Voyage II, Flora Novae-Zealandiae 2: 204 (1855)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021).

11. Xylaria coccophora Mont., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique et Biologie Végétale 4, 3: 109 (1855)

= Xylosphaera coccophora (Mont.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat:Amazon Forest:AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015), RR ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Menezes & Martins 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), SP ( Telenius 2016); Cerrado: DF ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Rick 1935).

12. Xylaria comosa (Mont.) Fr., Summa Vegetabilium Scandinavia, Sectio Post. (Stockholm): 381 (1849)

≡ Hypoxylon comosum Mont.1840

= Hypoxylon comosum Mont. (1840)

= Xylosphaera comosa (Mont.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), SC ( Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2009), SP ( Menezes & Martins 2021); Cerrado: DF ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Rick 1935).

First record for the Alagoas State.

13. Xylaria consociata Starbäck, Bihang til Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 27 (9): 17 (1901) Habitat: Atlantic Forest: BA ( Menezes & Martins 2021), PE ( Araújo 2021).

14. Xylaria cordovensiformis Bat. & A.F. Vital, Revista Brasileira de Biologia 1 (1): 43 (1956)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021).

15. Xylaria corniformis (Fr.) Fr., Summa Vegetabilium Scandinaviae, Sectio Post. (Stockholm) : 381 (1849)

≡ Sphaeria corniformis Fr., (1828)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015); Atlantic Forest: RJ ( Gugliotta 2021); Cerrado: DF ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Rick 1935).

16. Xylaria cornu-damae (Schwein.) Berk. , in Ellis, North America Fungi, Ser. 1: no.158 (1873)

≡ Sphaeria cornu-damae Schwein. (1832)

= Xylosphaera cornu-damae (Schwein.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: SC ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021).

17. Xylaria cranioides (Sacc. & Paol.) Dennis , South Africa Journal of Botany: 80 (1976)

≡ Penzigia cranioides Sacc. & Paol., (1888)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: SC ( Telenius 2016).

18. Xylaria cubensis (Mont.) Fr. , Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. 3, 1:

126 (1851)

= Hypoxylon cubense Mont. (1840)

= Xylaria papyrifera subsp. cubensis (Mont.) D. Hawksw. (1973)

= Xylosphaera cubensis (Mont.) Dennis (1958)

= Xylosphaera papyrifera subsp. cubensis (Mont.) Dennis (1961)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Telenius 2016); Atlantic Forest: AL ( Nusbaumer et al. 2015), BA ( Roque 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Cerrado: DF ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Rick 1935).

19. Xylaria curta Fr. , Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. 3, 1: 126 (1851)

= Xylosphaera curta (Fr.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AC ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), AM ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Luz & Santos 2021), MG ( Dittrich 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RS ( Marchioretto 2021), SC ( Trierveiler-Pereira et al. 2009); Pampa: RS ( Rick 1935).

First record for the State of Alagoas State.

20. Xylaria dichotoma (Mont.) Mont., Sylloge generum specierumque plantarum cryptogamarum: 104 (1856)

≡ Hypoxylon dichotomum Mont. (1842)

= Xylosphaera dichotoma (Mont.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: RJ ( Gugliotta 2021).

21. Xylaria digitata (L.) Grev., Flora Edinensis : 356 (1825) = Clavaria digitata L. (1753)

= Cordyceps digitata (L.) Fr. (1818)

= Cordylia digitata ( L.) Fr. (1818)

= Hypoxylon digitatum (L.) Gray (1821)

= Sphaeria digitata (L.) Pers. (1801)

= Xylaria digitata var. americana Peck (1878)

= Xylaria digitata var. dubia Jungh. (1838)

= Xylaria digitata var. torulosa Jungh. (1838)

= Xylaria tortuosa Sowerby ex Cooke (1879)

= Xylaria torulosa (Jungh.) Speg. (1909)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Berkeley & Cooke 1877. First record for the Brazilian Atlantic Forest ( Alagoas State).

* 22. Xylaria escharoidea (Berk.) Fr. , Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. 3, 1:128 (1851)

≡ Sphaeria escharoidea Berk. 1843

First record for Brazil ( Alagoas State).

23. Xylaria euphorbiicola Rehm, Hedwigia 40: 147 (1901)

= Xylosphaera euphorbiicola (Rehm) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Cerrado: DF ( Telenius 2016).

First record for the Brazilian Atlantic Forest ( Alagoas State).

24. Xylaria exalbida Bat. & A.F. Vital, Revista Brasileira de Biologia 1 (1): 44 (1956)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021).

25. Xylaria feejeensis (Berk.) Fr. , Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. 3, 1:

128 (1851)

= Sphaeria feejensis Berk. (1842)

= Xylaria feejensis (Berk.) Fr. (1851)

= Xylosphaera feejeensis (Berk.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat:Amazon Forest: AM (Batista & Peres 1967); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Luz & Santos 2021), MG ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), PE (Batista & Peres 1967), RJ ( Gugliotta 2021), SC ( Rehm 1901); Cerrado: MT ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Telenius 2016).

First record for the Alagoas State.

26. Xylaria filiformis (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae 2: 382 (1849)

≡ Sphaeria filiformis Alb. & Schwein. (1805)

= Cordyceps filiformis (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr. (1818)

= Hypoxylon filiforme (Alb. & Schwein.) Rabenh. (1844)

= Podosordaria filiformis (Alb. & Schwein.) P.M.D. Martin (1976)

= Sphaeria filiformis Alb. & Schwein. (1805)

= Xylosphaera filiformis (Alb. & Schwein.) Dennis (1958)

Amazon Forest: AM ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RJ ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Marchioretto 2021).

27. Xylaria flabelliformis (Schwein.) Berk. & M.A. Curtis , Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 10: 381 (1869)

≡ Merisma flabelliformis Schwein. (1797)

= Xylocoremium flabelliforme (Schwein.) J.D. Rogers (1984)

= Sphaeria flabelliformis (Schwein.) Fr. (1828)

= Isaria flabelliformis (Schwein.) Lloyd (1916)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: RS ( Gugliotta 2021), SC ( Luz & Santos 2021).

28. Xylaria gracillima (Fr.) Fr. , Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. 3, 1: 128 (1851)

≡ Sphaeria gracillima Fr., (1830)

= Hypoxylon gracillimum (Fr.) Mont. (1840)

= Sphaeria gracillima Fr. (1830)

= Xylosphaera gracillima (Fr.) Dennis (1961)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015); Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021).

29. Xylaria grammica (Mont.) Mont., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique sér. 4, 3: 108

(1855)

= Hypoxylon grammicum Mont. (1840)

= Xylaria grammicum (Mont.) Mont. (1855)

= Xylosphaera grammica (Mont.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Cerrado: MG ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), MT ( Gugliotta 2021); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Roque 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RS ( Telenius 2016), SP ( Gugliotta 2021).

First record for the Alagoas State.

30. Xylaria griseo-olivacea J.D. Rogers & Rossman, Mycotaxon 31 (1): 132 (1988)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: BA ( Luz & Santos 2021).

31. Xylaria guaranitica (Speg.) Dennis, Kew Bulletin 11 (3): 441 (1959)

≡ Kretzschmaria guaranitica Speg., (1884)

= Xylosphaera guaranitica (Speg.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: RS ( Gugliotta 2021); Pampa: RS ( Rick 1935).

32. Xylaria heliscus (Mont.) J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Ju, Mycotaxon 68: 370 (1998)

≡ Hypoxylon heliscus Mont., (1840)

= Poronia heliscus (Mont.) Mont. (1855)

= Kretzschmaria heliscus (Mont.) Massee (1898)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: RJ ( Rogers & Ju 1998); Amazon Forest: RO ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015), RR ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015); Pampa: RS ( Gugliotta 2021).

33. Xylaria holmbergi Speg., Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Buenos Aires 6: 361 (1898)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PR ( Marchioretto 2021); Cerrado: DF ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Marchioretto 2021).

34. Xylaria hyperythra (Mont.) Mont., Sylloge generum specierumque plantarum cryptogamarum: 202 (1856)

≡ Hypoxylon hyperythrum Mont., (1840)

= Xylosphaera hyperythra (Mont.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015), PA ( Telenius 2016); Atlantic Forest: SP ( Marchioretto 2021).

35. Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev., Flora Edinensis : 355 (1824)

≡ Clavaria hypoxylon L. 1753

= Cordyceps hypoxylon (L.) Fr. (1818)

= Sphaeria hypoxylon (L.) Sowerby (1797)

= Xylosphaera hypoxylon (L.) Dumort. (1822)

Habitat: Cerrado: MG ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Amazon Forest: AM, RR ( Berkeley & Cooke 1877), PA ( Telenius 2016); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Roque 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RJ ( Calabuig 2014), SC (Winter 1897), SP ( Gugliotta 2021), RS (( Marchioretto 2021)); Pampa: RS ( Rick 1935).

First record for the Alagoas State.

36. Xylaria ianthino-velutina (Mont.) Mont. Sylloge generum specierumque plantarum cryptogamarum: 204 (1856) ≡ Hypoxylon xanthinovelutinum Mont., (1840)

= Hypoxylon xanthino-velutinum Mont. (1840)

= Hypoxylon xanthinovelutinum Mont. (1840)

= Xylaria xanthinovelutina (Mont.) Mont. (1856)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015), RO ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Luz & Santos 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RJ ( Gugliotta 2021), RS ( Marchioretto 2021), SC ( Venturi 2021), SP ( Gugliotta 2021); Cerrado: MG ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Pampa: RS ( Rick 1935).

37. Xylaria laevis Lloyd , Xylaria notes (7): 8 (1918)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: AL ( Ferro et al 2023)

38. Xylaria longipes Nitschke , Pyrenomycetes Germanici 1: 14 (1867)

= Xylosphaera longipes (Nitschke) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: BA ( Roque 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Cerrado: DF ( Telenius 2016).

First record for the Alagoas State.

39. Xylaria luxurians (Rehm) C. G. Lloyd, Mycol. Writings 5: Xylaria notes p. 29. 1918

≡ Xylosphaera luxurians (Rehm) Dennis, Kew Bull. 13: 104. 1958.

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: SC ( Ju & Hsieh 2023)

40. Xylaria magnoliae J.D. Rogers, Canadian Journal of Botany 57 (8): 941 (1979)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: RS (Teixeira & Prado 2021), SC ( Venturi 2021).

41. Xylaria mesenterica (Möller) M. Stadler, Laessøe & J. Fourn., Mycological Progress 7 (1): 67 (2008) ≡ Entonaema mesentericum Möller, (1901)

= Entonaema pallida G.W. Martin (1938)

= Entonaema mesenterica Möller (1901)

= Entonaema pallidum G.W. Martin (1938)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: SC ( Gasper 2021).

42. Xylaria microceras (Mont.) Berk. , Nova Acta Regiae Societatis scientiarum upsaliensis: 128 (1851)

≡ Hypoxylon microceras Mont., (1840)

= Xylosphaera microceras (Mont.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PE ( Araújo 2021); Pampa: RS ( Marchioretto 2021).

43. Xylaria montagnei Hamme & Guerrero, Mycotaxon 64: 196 (1997)

≡ Xylaria corniformis var. macrospora Bres., (1908)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: RS ( Hamme & Guerrero 1997); Cerrado: DF ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Telenius 2016).

44. Xylaria moelleroclavus J.D. Rogers, Y.M. Ju & Hemmes, Mycological Research 101(3): 345 (1997)

≡ Moelleroclavus penicilliopsis Henn. (1902)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: MT ( Lodge & Sourell 2015).

First record for the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (In Alagoas State).

45. Xylaria multiplex (Kunze ex Fr.) Fr. , Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. 3, 1: 127 (1851) ≡ Sphaeria multiplex Kunze ex Fr. (1830)

= Hypoxylon multiplex (Kunze ex Fr.) Mont. (1840)

= Sphaeria multiplex Kunze ex Fr. (1830)

= Xylosphaera multiplex (Kunze ex Fr.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015), PA ( Telenius 2016); Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RJ ( Gugliotta 2021); Caatinga: CE ( Paganucci 2021); Cerrado: MT ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Marchioretto 2021).

46. Xylaria myosurus Mont., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique sér. 4, 3: 110 (1855)

= Xylosphaera myosurus (Mont.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Pampa: RS ( Gugliotta 2021).

First record for the State of Alagoas.

47. Xylaria nigripes (Klotzsch) Cooke, Grevillea 11 (59): 89 (1883) ≡ Sphaeria nigripes Klotzsch 1832

= Podosordaria nigripes (Klotzsch) P.M.D. Martin (1976)

= Pseudoxylaria nigripes (Klotzsch) Boedijn (1959)

= Sphaeria nigripes Klotzsch (1832)

= Xylosphaera nigripes (Klotzsch) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: RJ ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021).

First record for the Brazilian Northeast ( Alagoas State).

48. Xylaria nigromedullosa Trierveiler-Pereira & A.I. Romero, Mycotaxon 107: 150 (2009)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: SC ( Venturi 2021).

49. Xylaria nodulosa Lloyd, Mycological Writings 6 (64): 1007 (1920)

= Xylosphaera nodulosa (Lloyd) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM (Wiersema 2021); Atlantic Forest: SC ( Gugliotta 2021).

50. Xylaria obovata (Berk.) Berk. , Nova Acta Regiae Societatis scientiarum upsaliensis: 127 (1851)

≡ Sphaeria obovata Berk. 1839

= Coelorhopalon obovatum (Berk.) Overeem (1925)

= Penzigia obovata (Berk.) Speg. (1889)

= Sphaeria obovata Berk. (1839)

= Xylosphaera obovata (Berk.) Dennis (1960)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015); Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RJ ( Gugliotta 2021), SC (Viégas 1944); Pampa: RS ( Marchioretto 2021).

First record for the State of Alagoas.

51. Xylaria palmicola G. Winter, Grevillea 15 (75): 89 (1887)

= Xylaria bruneriana Seaver (1923)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: RS ( Gugliotta 2021), SC ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Telenius 2016).

52. Xylaria paulistana Bat. & A.F. Vital, Revista Brasileira de Biologia 1 (1): 44 (1956)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021).

53. Xylaria phosphorea Berk. , Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 13: 177 (1872)

= Xylosphaera phosphorea (Berk.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RS ( Telenius 2016); Cerrado: DF ( Telenius 2016).

54. Xylaria phyllocharis Mont., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique sér. 4, 3: 108 (1855)

= Xylosphaera phyllocharis (Mont.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PR (De Meijer 2006; Cruz & Cortez 2015); Pampa: RS ( Marchioretto 2021). 55. Xylaria poitei (Lév.) Fr. , Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Ser. 3 1(1): 125 (1851)

= Sphaeria poitei Lév. (1845)

= Xylaria poitaeana (Lév.) Fr. (1851)

= Xylaria poiteani (Lév.) Fr. (1851)

= Xylosphaera poitei (Lév.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AC (Balbino 2021), RO ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Atlantic Forest: BA (Wiersema 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RJ ( Calabuig 2014).

First record for the State of Alagoas.

56. Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev. , Flora Edinensis : 355 (1824)

≡ Sphaeria polymorpha Pers. 1797

= Cordyceps polymorpha (Pers.) Fr. (1818)

= Hypoxylon polymorphum (Pers.) Gray (1821)

= Hypoxylon var. polymorphum (Pers.) Mont. (1840)

= Sphaeria polymorpha Pers. (1797)

= Xylosphaera polymorpha (Pers.) Dumort. (1822)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015), RR ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Paganucci 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), PR (Wiersema 2021), RJ ( Gugliotta 2021), SC (Hennings 1902), SP (Hennings 1904b); Cerrado: MT ( Starback 1901); Pampa: RS (Follmann 2021).

First record for the Alagoas State.

57. Xylaria pseudoapiculata Hamme & Guerrero, Mycotaxon 64: 198 (1997)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RS ( Hamme & Guerrero 1997), SC ( Venturi 2021); Pampa: RS (Teixeira & Prado 2021).

58. Xylaria reperta Bat. & A.F. Vital, Revista Brasileira de Biologia 1 (1): 46 (1956)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021).

59. Xylaria rhopaloides (Kunze) Mont., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique sér. 4, 3: 99 (1855)

≡ Sphaeria rhopaloides J. Kunze (1879)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: BA ( Roque 2021), RS ( Menezes & Martins 2021); Pampa: RS ( Gugliotta 2021).

*60. Xylaria ruginosa Mont., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 4 3: 103 (1855)

= Xylosphaera ruginosa (Mont.) Dennis (1958)

First record for Brazil ( Alagoas State).

61. Xylaria scabriclavula F. San Martín & J.D. Rogers, Mycotaxon 34 (2): 360 (1989)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: BA ( Luz & Santos 2021).

62. Xylaria schwackei Henn., Hedwigia 34: 108 (1895)

= Xylosphaera schwackei (Henn.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: RJ ( Gugliotta 2021); Cerrado: DF ( Telenius 2016); Pampa: RS ( Telenius 2016).

63. Xylaria scruposa (Fr.) Fr. , Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. 3, 1: 127 (1851)

≡ Sphaeria scruposa Fr., (1828)

= Hypoxylon scruposum (Fr.) Mont. (1842)

= Sphaeria scruposa Fr. (1828)

= Xylaria scruposae (Fr.) Fr. (1851)

= Xylosphaera scruposa (Fr.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Amazon Forest:AM, PA ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Luz & Santos 2021), MT ( Gugliotta 2021), PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), RJ ( Gugliotta 2021), SC ( Gugliotta 2021), SP ( Gugliotta 2021); Pampa: RS ( Marchioretto 2021).

First record for the Alagoas State.

64. Xylaria telfairii (Berk.) Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum 1: 320 (1882)

≡ Sphaeria telfairii Berk. 1839

= Sphaeria telfairii Berk. (1839)

= Xylosphaera telfairii (Berk.) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Amazon Forest: AC ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021), AM ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015), RO ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015), RR ( Hopkins & Oliveira 2015), PA ( Gugliotta 2021); Atlantic Forest: BA ( Luz & Santos 2021), ES ( Calabuig 2014), RJ ( Calabuig 2014), PE ( Poroca 1986), SP ( Menezes & Martins 2021), PR (De Meijer 2006), SC (Hennings 1902); Pampa: RS ( Telenius 2016).

First record for the Alagoas State.

65. Xylaria tentaculata Ravenel ex Berk. , Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 10: 381 (1869)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PE ( Araújo 2021).

66. Xylaria theissenii Lloyd, Mycological Writings 5 (48): 677 (1917)

= Xylosphaera theissenii (Lloyd) Dennis (1958)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Pampa: RS ( Marchioretto 2021).

67. Xylaria tuberiformis Berk. , The Botany Of The Antarctic Voyage II, Flora Novae-Zealandiae 2: 204, t. 105:11 (1855)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: RS ( Marchioretto 2021).

68. Xylaria tuberoides Rehm, Hedwigia 40: 146 (1901)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PR (De Meijer 2006; Cruz & Cortez 2015); Pampa: RS ( Gugliotta 2021).

69. Xylaria tuberosa (Pers.) Cooke, Grevillea 11 (59): 88 (1883)

= Sphaeria tuberosa Pers. (1827)

= Xylaria tuberosa var. tuberosa (1883)

= Xylosphaera tuberosa (Pers.) P. Joly (1968)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: PE ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021); Caatinga: BA ( Maia & Gibertoni 2021).

70. Xylaria venosula Speg., Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Córdoba 11 (4): 511 (1889)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: SP ( Telenius 2016).

71. Xylaria wettsteinii Theiss. , Xylariaceae Austro-Brasilienses : 6 (1909)

Habitat: Atlantic Forest: BA ( Roque 2021), PE ( Araújo 2021).