Erythrina crista-galli L., Mant. Pl.: 99. 1767.

Guedes-Oliveira, Ramon, Fortuna-Perez, Ana Paula, Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso & Mansano, Vidal de Freitas, 2023, Erythrina L. (Phaseoleae, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) of Brazil: an updated nomenclatural treatment with notes on etymology and vernacular names, PhytoKeys 232, pp. 1-43 : 1

2. Erythrina crista-galli L., Mant. Pl.: 99. 1767.

Fig. 2

≡ Micropteryx crista-galli (L.) Walp., in Duchassaing and Walpers, Linnaea 23(=7): 740. 1851.

≡ Corallodendron crista-galli (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 172. 1891.

= Erythrina laurifolia Jacq., Observ. Bot. 3: 1. 1768. Type: Argentina. s.loc., ex hort., s.d., s.leg., s.n. (lectotype, designated by Lozano and Zapater 2010, pg. 181: illustration in Jacquin 1768, tab. 51). (1)

= Erythrina graefferi hort. ex Tineo, Cat. Pl. Hort. Panorm.: 278. 1827. Type: Italy. Campania: "ex H. R. Cas. [Parco Reale - Reggia di Caserta]", ex hort., s.d., Gussone s.n. (neotype, designated by Del Guacchio et al. 2019, pg. 119: NAP [image seen]). (2)

= Erythrina fasciculata Benth., Linnaea 22(=6): 517. 1849. Type: Brazil. Minas Gerais: "Ad Caldas", [10 February 1846?], Regnell I.73 (lectotype, designated by Lozano and Zapater 2010, pg. 183: K [K000674145, sheet I; K000930947, sheet II]; isolectotypes: K [K000930957], MEL [MEL77238], NY [NY01058578], P [P02934611], US [US02338870]). Residual syntype: Brazil. Goiás: "ad Fazenda do Salido ad Rios", s.d., Pohl 763, BR (BR0000013057763), K (K000930946), M (M0240562, M0240563), NY (NY00007993), W (W0027158, W0027159). (3)

= Erythrina pulcherrima Tod., Nuov. Gen. Sp. 3: 70. 1861; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 4(20): 307. 1863. Type: Italy. Sicily: "Jamdudum in horto panormitano [Orto Botanico di Palermo] culta et ut videtur ex Aegypto in Siciliam advecta", ex hort., s.d., s.leg., s.n. (lectotype, designated by Martins and Tozzi 2018, pg. 398: illustration in Todaro 1876, tab. XI). (4)

= Erythrina crista-galli var. hasskarlii Backer, Voorl. Schoolfl. Java: 87. 1908. Type: Indonesia. West Java: "Cult. in Hort. Bog. [Kebun Raya Bogor]", ex hort., [1904?], s.leg., s.n. (lectotype, designated here: L [L.1951408]; isolectotypes: L [L.1951407, L.1951409]). (5)

= Erythrina crista-galli var. leucochlora Lombardo, Flora arborea y arborescente del Uruguay: 69. 1964. Type: Uruguay. Treinta y Tres: "a orillas del río Cebollatí en "La charqueada ””, s.d., s.leg., s.n. (lectotype, designated here: illustration in Lombardo 1964, tab. 66 [as E. cristagalli ]). (6)

= Erythrina crista-galli var. longiflora Zapater & Lozano, in Lozano and Zapater, Darwiniana 48(2): 185. 2010. Type: Argentina. Salta: "Dpto. Gral. Güemes, ruta 9 en autopista de acceso a Salta, al frente de Usina Termo Andes", 10 May 2008, Zapater 2748b (holotype: SI [SI022986]; isotype: MCNS [n.v.]). syn. nov. (7)

Type material.

Brazil. s.loc., s.d., Vandelli s.n. (lectotype, designated by Howard 1988, pg. 488: LINN [LINN-HL888-4]).

Notes.

The first known name for the species was published in Linnaeus (1767), who described it from a specimen collected by Vandelli in Brazil. Yet, he did not mention any collection number nor cite any herbarium. Krukoff and Barneby (1974) accessed an exsiccata from the herbarium LINN consisting of a drawing with the inscription “Vandelli” and a single flower that undoubtedly represents the species, considering this to be the original collection. However, this citation cannot be considered a lectotypification of the name, as the authors did not mention it as the type collection. In Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Howard (1988) correctly designated the LINN collection as the type specimen (Fig. 2 ). Walpers (1851, not 1850) published Micropteryx mentioning E. crista-galli as a synonym of M. crista-galli , but the genus was later synonymized into Erythrina in Engler and Prantl (1894). Kuntze (1891) published Corallodendron mentioning E. crista-galli as a synonym of C. crista-galli , but the genus was also synonymized under Erythrina in Engler and Prantl (1894).

(1) Jacquin (1768) published E. laurifolia with an illustration of a specimen from a botanical garden in Rome that is morphologically identical to E. crista-galli . Lozano and Zapater (2010) correctly designated this illustration as the lectotype, and the name has been synonymized under E. crista-galli since Lamarck (1786).

(2) Tineo (1827) published E. grafferi , a name used by gardeners at the Orto Botanico di Palermo (Italy), with a short description resembling E. crista-galli . Krukoff and Barneby (1974) doubted that it could represent E. speciosa Lamb. ex Andrews, but Del Guacchio et al. (2019) investigated its origin, confirmed its synonymity under E. crista-galli and correctly designated a neotype for the name.

(3) Bentham (1849) published E. fasciculata from Brazil, mentioning two collections that can be considered syntypes of the name, one from the state of Minas Gerais (Regnell I.73) and one from Goiás (Pohl 763). Krukoff and Barneby (1974) recognized those syntypes but did not designate a lectotype, which was then correctly designated by Lozano and Zapater (2010) as the collection from Regnell in herbarium K. Additional material: P (P02934612, photo of K000674145; P02934614, photo of W0027159).

(4) Todaro (1861) published E. pulcherrima based on a cultivated specimen at the Orto Botanico di Palermo (Italy). The original protologue could not be found online, but later publications by himself ( Todaro 1863, 1876) also cited this name, including a well-made illustration in 1876 that even mentions the similarity with E. crista-galli . Martins and Tozzi (2018) correctly designated his illustration in 1876 as the lectotype, but wrongly considered this publication as the protologue of the name, which is the publication in 1861.

(5) Backer (1908) published the variety E. crista-galli var. hasskarlii with a short description from cultivated plants on Java Island (Indonesia), but did not assign any type specimen. Three exsiccatae of a plant cultivated in the " Hortus Bogoriensis " [Kebun Raya Bogor] (Java) were found in herbarium L, with the inscription " Erythrina crista-galli Linn. var. Erythrina galli hasskarlii Backer", that could represent the original material. One of them was designated here as the presumed lectotype, and the name has been synonymized under E. crista-galli since Krukoff and Barneby (1974).

(6) Lombardo (1964) published the variety E. crista-galli var. leucochlora from Uruguay with a short description, but did not assign any type specimen. As there are no evident characters that support this variety besides the white flowers, which is a common mutation found in cultivated Erythrina species (Guedes-Oliveira et al. manuscript in preparation), the name has been synonymized under E. crista-galli since Krukoff and Barneby (1974), and Lombardo’s illustration in the same publication was designated here as lectotype.

(7) Lozano and Zapater (2010) published the variety E. crista-galli var. longiflora from Argentina with a full description, an illustration and mentioning the type specimens. However, as there are no evident characters that support this variety besides the size of leaves and flowers, which is a character with well-documented morphological plasticity in Erythrina species (Guedes-Oliveira et al. manuscript in preparation), the name was here synonymized under E. crista-galli .

Etymology.

The specific epithet " Erythrina crista-gallicrista " is derived from Latin, meaning "the crest of the rooster", and it was presumably chosen after the usual association of the corolla with the shape and color of chicken combs.

Vernacular names.

E. crista-galli has a variety of vernacular names in many regions where it occurs, either native or introduced and cultivated. According to herbaria labels and Carvalho (2006), the species is generally known as “corticeira” in Brazil, and also “corticeira-de-beira-do-rio”, “corticeira-do-brejo”, “crista-de-galo”, “manequeira”, “mulungu”, “mulungu-de-espinho” or “suinã” (and spelling variations) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul; “crista-de-galo”, “moxoqueiro-do-brejo”, “samaúva” or “samauveira” in Minas Gerais; “cortiça”, “corticeira-do-banhado”, “corticeira-do-brejo”, “crista-de-galo”, “flor-de-coral”, “mulungu”, “sananduva” or “suinã” (and spelling variations) in Paraná; “crista-de-galo” in Rio de Janeiro; “corticeira-do-banhado”, “marrequinha” or “sananduva” in Rio Grande do Sul, where it is also the motive for the name of the municipality of Sananduva; “corticeira-do-banhado”, “corticeira-bico-de-papagaio”, “corticeira-do-brejo”, “flor-de-coral” or “marrequeira” in Santa Catarina; and “crista-de-galo”, “flor-de-coral”, “maçã-de-cobra”, “muchocho” (and spelling variations), “mulungú”, “patinha”, “samauveira”, “sananduva” or “suinã” (and spelling variations) in São Paulo.

Figures

Figure 2. Lectotype of Erythrina crista-galli L. (1767: 99), designated by Howard (1988: 488). Source: Linnean Society of London Herbarium (LINN) via JSTOR Global Plants, LINN-HL 888 - 4.