Paraboeremia yungensis M.P. Peralta, B.E. Lechner, J.I. Fariña, J. Aliaga & O.D. Delgado, 2021

Peralta, Maria Patricia, Aliaga, Joaquín, Delgado, Osvaldo Daniel, Fariña, Julia Inés & Lechner, Bernardo Ernesto, 2021, Paraboeremia yungensis sp. nov., a new fungal species isolated from Las Yungas, South America, with promising tyrosinase production potential, Phytotaxa 528 (3), pp. 191-201 : 196-198

Paraboeremia yungensis M.P. Peralta, B.E. Lechner, J.I. Fariña, J. Aliaga & O.D. Delgado sp. nov. ( Fig. 2 )

Mycobank No.: MB839942

Type: — ARGENTINA. Tucumán, Parque Biológico Sierra de San Javier (26° 43´20´´ S, 65° 17´21´´ W), isolated from soil, December 2017, J. I. Fariña, holotype designated LIL 153709 , ex-type culture LY 38.7. Sequences from the strain YJ06221 have been deposited in GenBank with accession numbers: ITS = MW703699 , LSU = MW703701 , RPB2 = MW713054 , TUB 2= MW713055 .

Holotype: — Argentina. Tucumán, Parque Biológico Sierra de San Javier (26° 43´20´´ S, 65° 17´21´´ W), isolated from soil, December 2017, J. I. Fariña (holotype designated LIL 153709 , living ex-type culture LY 38.7).

Etymology:— name derived from the collection site, the Argentinian Yungas rainforest.

Morphology

Conidiomata dark brown, pycnidial, mostly solitary but also confluent, globose to subglobose, superficial or semiimmersed, covered in mycelial hairs, especially in young pycnidia, 20–90 μm. Ostiole single, non-papillate. Pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous, composed of textura angularis, flattened polygonal cells, brown, gradually merging with hyaline cells. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, smooth, globose, subglobose, ampulliform or doliiform, 2–4 × 2–4 μm, x̅ ± SD = 3.2 ± 0.4 × 2.9 ± 0.4 μm. Conidia thin and smoothwalled, ellipsoidal to oblong, hyaline, aseptate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1.5 μm, x̅ ± SD = 1.8 ± 0.2 × 1.0 ± 0.1 μm, mostly with 1–2 greenish guttules, the surface of the wall was covered with a mucilaginous sheath.

Colonies on OA grown under dark incubation, reached 54–57 mm diam. after 7 days, with circular margin, sparse aerial mycelium, colony colour sepia in the centre, umber and olivaceous near the margin; reverse umber. Colonies on OA under UV-darkness photoperiod, reached 41–42 mm diam. (25% less than with dark incubation) during the first week, with circular margin, sparse aerial mycelium, sepia in the centre and hyaline near the edge; reverse concolourous. In the second week, colonies grew up to the edge of Petri dish, with sparse sepia aerial mycelium in the centre, umber and ochreous towards the margin; reverse concolourous. After three weeks, sparse sepia aerial mycelium, and sterile pycnidia present. Colonies on OA grown under light-darkness photoperiod, reached 43–48 mm diam. (18% less than with incubation in the dark) after 7 days, with circular margin, sparse aerial mycelium, buff in the centre, sepia, grey olivaceous, sepia and hyaline mycelium growing in concentric circles; reverse concolourous. After 14 days, the colony covered the entire Petri dish, with sparse aerial mycelium hazel in the centre, umber and ochreous towards the margin, growing in concentric circles; reverse concolourous. Sterile pycnidia present. Towards the third week of incubation, white cottony aerial mycelium developed in the centre, with sparse aerial mycelium, umber towards the margin. Pycnidia present, conidiogenous cells and conidia absent. When cultured under natural (not-controlled) outdoor conditions for a month, colonies on OA were morphologically similar to those on OA with dark incubation, but with presence of pycnidia and conidia, which were subsequently used for the description of this new species.

Colonies on MEA cultured under dark incubation reached 40–43 mm diam. after 7 days, margin circular with felty aerial mycelium buff to vinaceous, buff in the centre and sparse aerial mycelium brown vinaceous towards the periphery; reverse sienna. With UV-darkness photoperiod, colonies on MEA attained 28–29 mm diam. (32% less than with dark incubation) after 7 days of growth, margin circular, sparse aerial mycelium, buff in the centre, fawn and hazel towards the edge; reverse concolourous. After two weeks of incubation, margin circular, sparse aerial mycelium, vinaceous buff, umber, fawn, and hazel towards the edge, with growth in concentric circles; reverse of the same colour. During the third week, the colony covered almost the entire Petri plate, with sparse cottony aerial mycelium, vinaceous buff, chestnut, umber, fawn, in concentric circles. Pycnidia present; conidiogenous cells absent. Colonies on MEA incubated under light-darkness photoperiod, reached 31–34 mm (22% less than after incubation in the darkness) after 7 days, buff felty aerial mycelium in the centre and hyaline in the periphery; reverse chestnut in the centre, sienna in the middle and buff on the periphery. After two weeks of incubation, circular margin, felty aerial mycelium, buff and hazel in the centre, radiated grooves slightly marked with more abundant beige mycelium; reverse chestnut in the centre, olivaceous, sienna and buff on the periphery, radial grooves buff. With 21 days of incubation, the colony occupied almost the entire plate, white felty aerial mycelium in the centre and fawn on the periphery, slightly marked radiated grooves of beige and white felty mycelium; reverse chestnut and sepia colour with radial grooves in sienna. No pycnidia formed under these conditions.

Colonies on PDA cultured under dark incubation reached 40–43 mm diam. after 7 days, margin circular, covered by felty aerial mycelium, pale mouse grey to smoke grey, and white near the margin; reverse umber to buff. When grown with UV-darkness photoperiod, colonies on PDA attained 29–32 mm (26% less than with dark incubation) after 7 days, margin circular, buff velvety aerial mycelium; reverse umber in the centre, hazel and buff on the margins. After two weeks buff velvety aerial mycelium; reverse umber in the centre, hazel and buff towards the margins. After three weeks, margin circular, buff velvety aerial mycelium, sparse aerial mycelium vinaceous buff and ochreous on the periphery; reverse chestnut in the centre, umber and hazel towards the margins. Pycnidia absent. Colonies on PDA grown with light-darkness photoperiod, reached 33–38 mm diam. on the first week (14% less than incubated in the dark), margin circular, buff velvety aerial mycelium; reverse umber in the centre, hazel and buff to the margins. On the second week, buff velvety aerial mycelium; reverse umber in the centre, hazel and buff towards the margins. At the third week, margin circular, buff velvety aerial mycelia in the centre, sparse fawn aerial mycelium and vinaceous buff on the periphery; reverse chestnut in the centre and umber towards the margin. Pycnidia absent.

Notes:— In the combined gene analyses, the strain of P. yungensis formed a robust sister clade with P. rekkeri , collected from Dutch soil (JW 13016 and JW 13030). Paraboeremia yungensis collected from Las Yungas Argentinian soil, is phylogenetically close to P. truiniorum and P. rekker i, but differs from these two species by producing smaller pycnidia (20–90 μm vs. 135–430 μm in P. truiniorum and 120-390 μm P. rekker i), conidiogenous cells (2–4 × 2–4 μm vs. 4.5–8.5 × 4–7 μm in P. truiniorum and 5–10 × 4.5–7.5 μm P. rekker i), and conidia (1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1.5 μm vs. 3.5–5 × 2–3 µm in P. truiniorum and 3.5–5 × 2.5–3 μm P. rekker i) with greenish guttules ( Hou et al. 2020).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Paraboeremia yungensis (LY 38.7). a. Colony on OA (front and reverse). b. Colony on MEA (front and reverse). c. Colony on PDA (front and reverse). d. Scanning electron micrograph of mature pycnidium with subtending mycelium developed on OA. e. Scanning electron micrograph of conidia covered with a mucilaginous sheath. f. Pycnidium. g. Conidiogenous cells and conidia. h. Conidia with polar guttules. Scale bars (d,f) 25 μm, (g,h) 2 μm, (e) 1 μm.