Scopula rubiginata ( Hufnagel, 1767 )

Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi & Rajaei, Hossein, 2023, Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae), Zootaxa 5359 (1), pp. 1-96 : 25-26

Scopula rubiginata ( Hufnagel, 1767)

( Plate 6, Figs 7–8; Plate 16 , Fig. 1; Plate 24 , Fig. 2)

Scopula rubiginata Hufnagel, 1767 . Berlinisches Magazin, 4 (6): 610. Syntype (s) lost ( Germany, Berlin). Geometra rubricata Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 . Systematisches Verzeichniss der Schmetterlinge der Wienergegend: 110. Syntype (s) lost. ( Austria: Vienna).

Synonymies (for more details on nomenclature see Scoble 1999 and Hausmann 2004): Geometra vittata Thunberg, 1784 ( Sweden, Uppland: Uppsala); Phalaena domialla Fourcroy, 1785 ( France: Paris); Phalaena Geometra variata Villers, 1789 ( France, Bresse near Lyon); Geometra rubricaria Hübner, 1799 (according to Hausmann (2004: 292): incorrect subsequent spelling); Idaea subangularia Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 ( Germany).

For the list of unavailable names, see Hausmann (2004).

Material examined: 5 ♁/ ♀ (see appendix).

Diagnosis. Wingspan ♁ ♀ 16–22 mm (Hausmann 2004). In Iran Scopula rubiginata can externally be confused only with S. turbulentaria , therefore characters are compared against this species. Ground colour ( Plate 6, Figs 7–8) ariable, from light brown to orange brown (variable beige or light ocher to darker ocher in S. turbulentaria ) (see Plate 6, Figs 7–14). In the male genitalia this species can be confused with S. turbulentaria (see Plate 16 , Figs 1–2). In the female genitalia triangular sclerite attached to antrum (without triangular sclerite in S. turbulentaria ) (see Plate 24 , Figs 2–3).

Phenology. Bivoltine species with overlapping generations from mid-May to mid-September (Hausmann 2004).

Biology. Larva oligophagous on a wide range of plant species of different families (e.g., Fabaceae , Lamiaceae , Ericaceae , Asteraceae ) (see Hausmann 2004; Beljaev 2016; Makhov 2023).

Habitat. In Europe at altitudes from 0 to 1000 m and outside of Europe to 2200 m (Hausmann 2004).

Distribution. Widely distributed from Morocco, and Portugal to the Urals (Hausmann 2004). Distrubuted in Turkey, the Caucasus, Transcaucasus, the central Asian mountains and Mongolia ( Viidalepp 1996; Hausmann 2004; Makhov 2023). In Iran reputedly reported from the province Azerbaijan-e Sharghi by Lehmann & Zahiri (2011).

DNA-barcoding. Nearest species: S. halimodendrata (Erschoff, 1874) with 5.5 % (see Supplementary Table S1).

Remarks. The occurrence in province Azerbaijan-e Sharghi has been reported by Lehmann & Zahiri (2011). However, it is possible that there is confusion with Scopula turbulentaria steinbacheri and the distribution of this species in Iran requires further confirmation.

Figures

PLATE 16: Figures 1–5. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. rubiginata (Iran, Tehran, Qolhak, g. prep. 0778/2022 D. Wanke); 2: S. turbulentaria steinbacheri (Iran, Mazandaran, Shirinabad, 9: g. prep. 0825/2020 D. Wanke); 3: S. imitaria (a, b, c1: Cyprus, Paphos, g. prep. 1274/2022 D. Wanke, c2: [Croatia], Krk, Fiumebucht, g. prep. 0772/2020 D. Wanke); 4: S. beckeraria (a: Iran, Esfahan, Kashan, g. prep. 0820/2020 D. Wanke, b, c: N-Iran, [Tehran], Varamin, g. prep. 0782/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. hoerhammeri (Paratype, Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 11019). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm.

PLATE 24: Figures 1–6. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. transcaspica (Iran, Hamadan, S of Arak, g. prep. 0808/2020 D. Wanke); 2: S. rubiginata ([Turkey], Amasia, g. prep. 1290/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. turbulentaria steinbacheri (Iran Mazandaran, Shirinabad, g. prep. 0974/2021 D. Wanke); 4: S. imitaria ([Croatia], Krk, Fiumebucht, g. prep. 0773/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. beckeraria (Iran, Varamin, E Teheran, g. prep. 0783/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. hoerhammeri (Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 11020); Scale-bar 1 mm.