TROGIOMORPHA (Lienhard & Smithers, 2002)

Yoshizawa, Kazunori, Lienhard, Charles & Johnson, Kevin P., 2006, Molecular systematics of the suborder Trogiomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (2), pp. 287-299 : 296-297

SUBORDER TROGIOMORPHA

Antenna generally with more than 20 segments (except an undescribed psyllipsocid from Thailand with a 19-segmented antenna; personal observation by C.L.). Hypopharyngeal filaments separate, never fused on midline (sometimes reduced in Prionoglarididae ). Labial palpus two-segmented, with minute basal segment and rounded or somewhat elongated distal segment. Distal inner labral sensilla consisting of a row of five identical placoids or trichoids ( Badonnel, 1977). Tarsi three-segmented. Pterostigma in forewing not thickened, completely transparent or slightly opaque. Female: ventral and dorsal valves of gonapophyses strongly reduced or absent, external valves well developed and setose; subgenital plate short, covering at most basal part of external valves, which come close to ventral midline of abdomen, forming the ovipositor.

Infraorder Prionoglaridetae

Second article of maxillary palpus with ( Speleketorinae ) or without ( Prionoglaridinae ) conical spur sensillum. Lacinia simplified or reduced in adults, sometimes much shortened or virtually absent, if of normal length apex parallel-sided and lacking distinct teeth (NB: lacinia normally developed in nymphs, with several apical teeth). Forewing: basal segment of Sc well developed and forming a large arc, ending on R1 somewhat basally to pterostigma, delimiting a subcostal cell not reaching the wing margin; pterostigma joined to stem of radial fork by a long crossvein; nodulus present, i.e. CuP and A1 meeting on wing margin. Hindwing: vein A bifurcate. Wing pilosity reduced or virtually absent. Paraproct lacking anal spine. Female: external valve of gonapophyses broad; spermathecal sac lacking glandular accessory bodies and sclerifications at origin of duct. Male: phallosome consisting of a cuticular sac with a pair of posterolateral processes; basal struts of phallosome, when discernible, fused anteriorly.

Included family: Prionoglarididae .

Infraorder Psyllipsocetae

Second article of maxillary palpus without conical spur sensillum (except an undescribed psyllipsocid from Thailand, where such a sensillum is present; personal observation by C.L.). Lacinia normally developed, at least with two apical teeth. Forewing: basal segment of Sc short, ending free in membrane or joining wing margin; nodulus present, i.e. CuP and A1 meeting on wing margin (except the fossil genus Khatangia Vishnyakova, 1975 , in which CuP and A1 reach the wing margin separately). Hindwing: vein A simple or bifurcate. Wing pilosity well developed. Paraproct with anal spine. Female: external valve of gonapophyses broad; spermathecal sac lacking glandular accessory bodies, with complicated sclerifications at origin of duct and often with accessory vesicle. Male: basal struts of phallosome never fused anteriorly.

Included family: Psyllipsocidae .

Infraorder Atropetae

Second article of maxillary palpus with conical spur sensillum. Wings often strongly reduced. Forewing: basal segment of Sc well developed or reduced; nodulus absent, i.e. CuP and A1 reaching wing margin separately. Hindwing: vein A simple. Wing pilosity well developed (hairs usually modified to scales in Lepidopsocidae ). Paraproct with anal spine. Female: external valves of gonapophyses elongated and partially joined together on midline by membrane, composing the ovipositor; spermathecal sac with one or two glandular accessory bodies, attached on wall of sac ( Lepidopsocidae and Trogiidae ) or near origin of duct ( Psoquillidae ). Male: basal struts of phallosome never fused anteriorly.

Included families: Lepidopsocidae , Psoquillidae , Trogiidae .