Physalaemus signifer (Girard, 1853)

Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P., 2020, Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae), Zootaxa 4725 (1), pp. 1-106 : 36

Physalaemus signifer species group

Several species in this group have pulsed call ( P. angrensis , P. atlanticus , P. bokermanni , P. crombiei , P. irroratus , P. moreirae , P. nanus , and P. obtectus ) and show nonlinear regimes (acoustic features more complex than usually expected for simple oscillators; see Material and Methods above) such as subharmonics, deterministic chaos, and frequency jumps ( P. angrensis , P. atlanticus , P. bokermanni , P. camacan , P. crombiei , P. irroratus , P. moreirae , P. nanus , P. obtectus , P. signifer , and P. spiniger ). All species, except P. bokermanni , have at least one call with structures long enough to make them sound, to the human ear, as nasal-like whines with high timbre; due to the energy concentrated in higher and dense harmonics.