Physalaemus cuvieri, Fitzinger, 1826

Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P., 2020, Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae), Zootaxa 4725 (1), pp. 1-106 : 56

Physalaemus cuvieri species group

Only one call type was recorded for this group (but see P. cuvieri in Table 1 ). All species have calls similar, to the human ear, to nasal-like whines with downward FM. Calls have a general downward FM and a subtle up-downward FM at the beginning of the call, yielding arc-shaped bands in this part of the call and S-shaped bands when considering the entire call duration (e.g., P. erikae and P. kroyeri ; this modulation is short and subtle in some species such as P. albonotatus , P. cuqui , and P. atim ). A few species ( P. albonotatus , P. atim , P. cuqui , and P. ephippifer ) have weak to intermediate PAM, i.e., silence intervals are absent between pulses. This PAM leads to amplitude cycles throughout the call. Subharmonics are always present in calls of two species in this clade ( P. cuvieri and P. ephippifer ).