Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858

Fedosov, Alexander E, Malcolm, Gavin, Terryn, Yves, Gorson, Juliette, Modica, Maria Vittoria, Holford, Mandë & Puillandre, Nicolas, 2019, Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea), Journal of Molluscan Studies The Malacological Society of London 85 (4), pp. 359-388 : 12-14

Genus Hastula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858 ( Fig. 6 A–E)

Type species: Buccinum strigilatum Linnaeus, 1758 ; SD, Cossmann (1896).

Synonyms: Impages E.A. Smith, 1873 (type species Terebra caerulescens Lamarck, 1822 = Buccinum hecticum Linnaeus, 1758 ; SD, Cossmann, 1896); Acuminia Dall, 1908 (type species Buccinum lanceatum Linnaeus, 1767 ; OD); Hastulina Oyama, 1961 (type species Terebra casta Hinds, 1844 ; OD); Egentelaria Rehder, 1980 (type species Terebra stylata Hinds, 1844 ; OD).

Definition: Includes all species in clade D of Modica et al. (2019), and those that show a combination of conchological, anatomical and distribution characteristics closely comparable with Hastula strigilata or any genetically proven member of the clade.

Diagnosis: Diagnostic nucleotide combinations provided for entire clade with exception of four specimens of H. albula (see Material and Methods) and, separately, for subclade H. albula – H. natalensis – H. aff. casta of clade D ( Table 4).

Shell: Small to medium-sized, shiny, 12–90 mm. Protoconch paucispiral or multispiral, about 1–5 whorls. Axial sculpture of crenulations on subsutural portion of whorl, or fine ribs on part or throughout whorl height; spiral sculpture of single subsutural groove, occasionally with additional row of punctations. Siphonal canal stout, very short, with well-developed fasciole. Aperture elongate to rounded.

Genus Hastula (except four specimens of H. albula )

Species/sequences analysed 18/91

Diagnostic nucleotides: 28: A, 67: T, 95: C, 181: T, 221: C, 222: C, 253: A, 581: T, 598: A

Subclade H. albula – H. natalensis – H. aff. casta

Anatomy: Rhynchodeal introvert, proboscis, venom gland, salivary glands and radula well developed. Radula of hypodermic marginal teeth attached to thin, reduced membrane; walls of marginal teeth often with multiple perforations ( Fig. 6E, F )

Species/sequences analysed 3/17

Diagnostic nucleotides 49: G, 347: C, 349: T, 517: T

Distribution: Indo-Pacific, West Africa, Caribbean.

Remarks: Species of Hastula are rather easy to recognize among Terebridae by their typically shiny shells, with fine close-set axial ribs and usually by the lack of a clearly defined subsutural band. The shell morphology in the Partecosta macleani group closely resembles that of Hastula ; however, the latter is usually larger at maturity, while shells of comparable size can be differentiated by texture—a polished surface in Hastula vs dull in Partecosta . Furthermore, species of Hastula possess a venom gland and hypodermic radular teeth, whereas Partecosta species lack a venom gland and their radulae teeth are solid.

Included species:

Hastula aciculina (Lamarck, 1822) 2;

H. acumen (Deshayes, 1859) 1;

H. alboflava Bratcher, 19882 ;

H. albula (Menke, 1843) 1;

H. androyensis Bozzetti, 20082 ;

H. anomala (Gray, 1834) 2;

H. anosyana (Bozzetti, 2016) 2;

H. apicitincta (G. B. Sowerby III, 1900) 2;

H. bacillus (Deshayes, 1859) 2;

H. casta (Hinds, 1844) 1;

H. celidonota (Melvill & Sykes, 1898) 2;

H. cernohorskyi Burch, 19652 ;

H. cinerea (Born, 1778) 1;

H. continua Deshayes, 18592 ;

H. crossii (Deshayes, 1859) 1 ∗;

H. cuspidata (Hinds, 1844) 2;

H. denizi Rolán & Gubbioli, 20002 ;

H. engi Malcolm & Terryn, 20172 ;

H. escondida (Terryn, 2006) 2;

H. exacuminata Sacco, 18912 ;

H. filmerae (G. B. Sowerby III, 1906) 2;

H. hamamotoi Tsuchida & Tanaka, 19992 ;

H. hastata (Gmelin, 1791) 1;

H. hectica (Linnaeus, 1758) 1;

H. imitatrix (Auffenberg & Lee, 1988) 2;

H. inconstans (Hinds, 1844) 2;

H. knockeri (E. A. Smith, 1872) 2;

H. lanceata (Linnaeus, 1767) 1;

H. leloeuffi Bouchet, 19832 ;

H. lepida (Hinds, 1844) 2;

H. marqueti (Aubry, 1994) 2;

H. maryleeae R. D. Burch, 19652 ;

H. matheroniana (Deshayes, 1859) 1;

H. nana (Deshayes, 1859) 2;

H. natalensis (E. A. Smith, 1903) 1 ∗;

H. parva (Baird, 1873) 1;

H. penicillata (Hinds, 1844) 1;

H. philippiana (Deshayes, 1859) 2;

H. puella (Thiele, 1925) 1;

H. raphanula (Lamarck, 1822) 1;

H. rufopunctata (E. A. Smith, 1877) 2;

H. salleana (Deshayes, 1859) 1;

H. sandrogorii Ryall, Terryn & Rosado, 20172 ;

H. solida (Deshayes, 1857) 1;

H. strigilata (Linnaeus, 1758) 1;

H. stylata (Hinds, 1844) 1;

H. tenuicolorata Bozzetti, 20081 ;

H. tiedemani Burch, 19652 ;

H. venus Aubry, 20082 ;

H. verreauxi (Deshayes, 1857) 1;

H. westralica (Aubry, 1999) 2;

H. daniae (Aubry, 2008) 3.

Figures

Figure 6. Genera Hastula and Oxymeris. A. H. strigilata, MNHN-IM-2013-16102, PAPUA NIUGINI Stn PM41, 05◦08.1'S, 145◦49.3'E, 0–1 m, 32.4 mm. B. H. solida, MNHN-IM-2009-07098, Inhaca I., Mozambique, 25◦59.0'S, 32◦54.5'E, 0 m, 25.6 mm. C. H. hectica, MNHN-IM-2009-11870, Tahiti, 17◦30' 28.28''S, 149◦27'0.14''W, 0 m, 35.6 mm. D. H. cinerea, MNHN-IM-2013-9455, KARUBENTHOS 2012 Stn GM19, 16◦21.3'N, 61◦44.92'W, 0–1 m, 20.4 mm. E. H. lanceata radula, MNHN IM-2007-30535, PANGLAO 2004 Stn B1, 9◦33.0'N, 123◦46.50'E, 8–14 m, 32.5 mm (broken). F. H. hectica radula„ Panglao I., Bohol„ Philippines, intertidal. G. O. maculata, MNHN-IM-2013-40074, Marquesas Is, 113 mm. H. O. crenulata, MNHN-IM-2013-46877, KAVIENG 2014 Stn KR06, 02◦36.3'S, 150◦46.2'E, 3–12 m, 85.9 mm. I. O. felina, MNHN-IM-2013-10283, PAPUA NIUGINI Stn PB05, 05◦11.7'S, 145◦49.4'E, 0–20 m, 31 mm.