Hexapopha Platnick, Berniker & Víquez, 2014

Feitosa, Níthomas M., Ott, Ricardo & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2023, Meeting the southern brothers: a revision of the Neotropical spider genus Hexapopha Platnick, Berniker & Víquez, 2014 (Araneae, Oonopidae), Zootaxa 5329 (1), pp. 1-150 : 6-14

Hexapopha Platnick, Berniker & Víquez, 2014

Hexapopha Platnick, Berniker & Víquez, 2014: 4

(type species by original designation Xestaspis reimoseri Fage, 1938 ).

Diagnosis: Hexapopha is easily recognized as a member of the Zyngoonops group by the heavily sclerotized and complex endites of males ( Figs 3F , 6F , 16A , 19F ; Platnick et al. 2014: figs 9, 64). The genus is distinguished from all other known genera of the group by the combined presence of six eyes ( Fig. 3C ) (two eyes in Coxapopha ), tube-shaped embolus ( Fig. 5L ) (cone-shaped in Kijabe ), lack of an abdominal dorsal constriction ( Fig. 3K ) (present in Antoonops ), lack of remarkable sclerotized modifications on the sternum and pedicel tube ( Fig. 3L ) (present in Zyngoonops ), as well as the absence of a prolateral series of leaf-shaped setae on the male palpal patella ( Figs 5I–J ) (present in Triaeris ).

Description: Total length, males 1.29–1.81 ( Fig. 1A ), females 1.29–1.92 ( Fig. 1B ). CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace: ovoid in dorsal view, anteriorly narrowed to 0.49 times its maximum width or less, with rounded posterolateral corners, posterolateral edge without pits, posterior margin not bulging below posterior rim, anterolateral corners with strongly sclerotized, triangular extension, posterolateral surface without spikes, pars thoracica without depressions, without radiating rows of pits; lateral margin straight, rebordered, without denticles; plumose setae near posterior margin of pars thoracica absent; non-marginal pars cephalica setae needlelike, present, scattered; non-marginal pars thoracica setae needlelike; marginal setae needlelike ( Figs 1A–B ; 3B–C ). Clypeus: margin strongly rebordered, straight in frontal view, vertical in lateral view, high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more (in female of H. quadraginta sp. nov., low, Fig. 77E ) median projection absent; setae present, needlelike ( Fig. 3C ). Chilum absent. Eyes: six, well developed, all subequal ( Fig. 3C ). Sternum: uniform, fused to carapace, radial furrow opposite coxae III absent, sickle-shaped structures absent, anterior margin unmodified, posterior margin not extending posteriorly of coxae IV, anterior corner with strongly sclerotized triangle in male, lateral margin without infra-coxal grooves, distance between coxae approximately equal, extensions of pre-coxal triangles absent, lateral margins unmodified, without posterior hump, pleural flaps present; setae sparse, needlelike, evenly scattered, originating from surface, without hair tufts ( Figs 3D–F ). Chelicerae: straight, anterior face unmodified; fangs without toothlike projections, directed medially, shape normal, without prominent basal process, tip unmodified; setae needlelike, evenly scattered, on posterior surface of paturon a vertical row of five long, medially projecting hairs and a group of three small setae located close to outer margin ( Fig. 3H ); paturon inner margin with pairs of enlarged setae, posterior surface unmodified (except in H. una sp. nov. and H. brescoviti sp. nov., with a projection; Figs 8D , 10E ), promargin unmodified, inner margin unmodified, laminate groove absent ( Figs 3H–I ). Labium fused to sternum, in males much more heavily sclerotized than sternum ( Fig. 3F ); in females not heavily sclerotized ( Fig. 7D ). Endites: sexually dimorphic; in males much more heavily sclerotized than sternum, serrula absent, anteromedian tip with backwards folded ridge ( Fig. 19B ); posteromedian part bulging; median projection very short ( Fig. 8C ); endite’s P1 varying from very short ( Fig. 8C ) to very long ( Fig. 16A ); endite’s P2 varying from narrow, spine like ( Fig. 20C ) to large, plate like ( Fig. 16C ) (schematics in Figs 2B–E ); in females with serrula present in single row, same as sternum in sclerotization, unmodified, without projections. ABDOMEN. ovoid, without long posterior extension, rounded posteriorly, inter-scutal membrane rows of small, sclerotized platelets absent posteriorly; without color pattern ( Figs 11A, B, F , 14A, B, G , 30A, B, F ). Book lung covers varying to small, very narrow ( Fig. 24G ) to large ( Fig. 38G ), without setae, anterolateral edge unmodified. Posterior spiracles not connected by a groove. Pedicel tube short, ribbed ( Fig. 3L ), scuto-pedicel region unmodified, scutum extending far dorsal of pedicel, plumose setae absent, matted setae on anterior ventral abdomen in pedicel area absent, cuticular outgrowths near pedicel absent. Dorsal scutum strongly sclerotized (in H. ramirezi sp. nov., weakly sclerotized, indistinguishable in some specimens; Fig. 44B ), without color pattern, not fused to epigastric scutum (in males of H. brescoviti sp. nov. and H. una sp. nov., fused to epigastric scutum, Figs 6B , 9B ), middle surface smooth, sides smooth, anterior half without projecting denticles ( Fig. 3K ). Epigastric scutum strongly sclerotized (in H. ramirezi sp. nov., weakly sclerotized; Fig. 44B ), surrounding pedicel, small lateral sclerites absent ( Fig. 3L ). Postepigastric scutum strongly sclerotized (in H. ramirezi sp. nov., weakly sclerotized; Fig. 44B ), orange-brown, fused to epigastric scutum in male ( Fig. 3J ), not fused to epigastric scutum in female ( Fig. 7F ), anterior margin unmodified, with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. Spinneret scutum present, incomplete ring ( Fig. 15F ). Dorsum setae present, needlelike. Epigastric area setae uniform, needlelike. Postepigastric area setae present, needlelike. Spinneret scutum with fringe of needlelike setae. Dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets absent. Interscutal membrane with setae ( Fig. 6B ). Colulus present ( Fig. 15F ). LEGS. Without color pattern, femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III, patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace, tibia I unmodified, tibia I Emerit’s glands absent, tibia IV specialized setae on ventral apex absent, tibia IV ventral scopula absent, metatarsi I and II meso-apical comb absent, metatarsi III and IV weak ventral scopula absent. Leg spines absent ( Figs 4A–D ). Teeth on the superior claws of Tarsi I to IV not examined in detail. Tarsi I to IV without inferior claw. Base of trichobothria (only metatarsus III examined with SEM) longitudinally narrowed, hood covered by numerous low, closely spaced ridges ( Figs 5A , 20L ). Tarsal organ legs I and II with 3 sensilla visible, legs III and IV with 2 sensilla visible ( Figs 4I–L ). GENITALIA. Male: epigastric region with sperm pore small, elliptical, wider than long, rebordered ( Fig. 25H ); furrow without omegashaped insertions, without setae. Palp normal size, not strongly sclerotized, right and left palps symmetrical; embolus prolateral excavation absent, embolus tube-shaped; conductor usually present (absent in H. una sp. nov., H. brescoviti sp. nov., H. wangi sp. nov.; Figs 8G , 10H , 39G ), situated prolaterally of embolus ( Figs 5K–L ); trochanter normal size, unmodified; femur normal size, two or more times as long as trochanter, without posteriorly rounded lateral dilation, attaching to patella basally; patella shorter than femur, not enlarged, without prolateral row of ridges, setae unmodified; tibia trichobothria not examined; cymbium ovoid in dorsal view, fused with bulb but with clearly defined seam between, plumose setae absent, without stout setae, without distal patch of setae; bulb stout, elongated ( Figs 5I–J ). Female: genitalia consisting of a postepigastric plate ( Figs 5D–F ), a genital duct (GAp in Ott et al. 2019), two lateral apodemes and two uterine sclerites. Anterior uterine sclerite with T-shaped genitalic process. Posterior uterine sclerite lamellar. Genital duct ascending along posterior uterine sclerite. Without a genital pouch or posterior receptaculum ( Fig. 78L ).

Composition. The genus Hexapopha includes 41 species, 35 of which newly described.

Distribution. Species of Hexapopha are currently known only from the Neotropical Region. The most northern records are from Costa Rican species and the southernmost ones are from northern Argentina. The genus is widely distributed in Brazil, being recorded here for the first time in all Brazilian biomes. The Brazilian Amazonia harbors 21 species; Atlantic Forest harbors 11 species; the Pantanal harbors two, while the Pampa harbors just one. Two species are found in the Brazilian Cerrado, where one of them is also found in the Cerrado-Caatinga ecotone. A few species, such as H. numerosa sp. nov., H. platnicki sp. nov., and H. izquierdoi sp. nov., are relatively common in collections, but 21 of the species here recognized, all newly described, are known solely from their type localities. The highest species richness occurs in the Amazon basin, with 22 species. Sympatry is recorded in several areas, such as the Una ecological station (State of Bahia), and Novo Repartimento (State of Pará), each with five species; Juruti and the vicinities of Belém (State of Pará), each with four; Ferreira Penna Scientific Station (eastern Brazilian Amazonia, State of Pará) with three; and Corumbá, in the Brazilian Pantanal (State of Mato Grosso do Sul), with two species ( Maps 1–6 ).

Key to species of Hexapopha

1. Males (except H. jimenez and H. m-scripta , unknown)................................................... 2

- Females (except H. erebai , H. fannesi , H. egua , H. caboquinho , H. ramirezi , H. gunma , H. grismadoi , H. depleta , H. brescoviti , H. ruizi , H. rheimsae , H. itabaiana and H. delta , unknown)...................................... 40

2(1). Chelicerae paturon retromargin with sclerotized projection ( Figs 8D , 10E ).................................... 3

- Chelicerae paturon retromargin without a sclerotized projection............................................ 4

3(2). Endite’s P2 hornlike ( Fig. 8C ).................................................... Hexapopha una sp. nov.

- Endite’s P2 lamellar ( Fig. 10C )............................................... Hexapopha brescoviti sp. nov.

4(2). Sclerotized projection in the middle of the sternum present ( Figs 11D , 13B, C )............. Hexapopha peba sp. nov.

- Sclerotized projection in the middle of the sternum absent ( Figs 17D , 18B )................................... 5

5(4). Endite’s P1 long, reaching at least the anterior margin of the sternum ( Figs 14F , 18C , 19F )....................... 6

- Endite’s P1 short, not reaching the anterior margin of the sternum ( Figs 34D , 36C )............................ 12

6(5). Endite’s P1 reaching the middle of the sternum ( Fig. 16A ).......................... Hexapopha harveyi sp. nov.

- Endite’s P1 reaching the anterior margin of the sternum.................................................. 7

7(6). Tip of endite’s P1 folded ventrally ( Figs 18C, D, E )................................. Hexapopha fannesi sp. nov.

- Tip of endite’s P1 not folded ventrally ( Figs 25D, F )..................................................... 8

8(7). Endite’s P1 longitudinally oriented ( Figs 20C , 23B )..................................................... 9

- Endite’s P1 otherwise ( Figs 24D , 26D )............................................................... 10

9(8). Process of the prosoma pedicelar region squared, large ( Fig. 20G )..................... Hexapopha erebai sp. nov.

- Process of the prosoma pedicelar region semicircular, small ( Fig. 23A ).............. Hexapopha periclitata sp. nov.

10(8). Endite’s P1 curvature divergent ( Fig. 25C )......................................... Hexapopha delta sp. nov.

- Endite’s P1 convergent ( Figs 28C , 31B ).............................................................. 11

11(10). Prolateral process of P1 crestlike, with serrated edge ( Fig. 28E )....................... Hexapopha tallitae sp. nov.

- Prolateral process of P1 not crestlike, edge smooth ( Fig. 31B )...................... Hexapopha platnicki sp. nov.

12(5). Sternum median concavity present ( Figs 34B , 36A )..................................................... 13

- Sternum median concavity absent................................................................... 14

13(12). Labium anterior margin anteriorly projecting at middle; endite’s P1 protuding distally ( Fig. 34D )............................................................................................ Hexapopha santosi sp. nov.

- Labium anterior margin not projecting; endite’s P1 subquadrangular ( Fig. 36C )......... Hexapopha rheimsae sp. nov.

14(12). Conductor absent ( Figs 39G–H )................................................. Hexapopha wangi sp. nov.

- Conductor present ( Fig. 41J )....................................................................... 15

15(14). Conductor length half or less the embolus length ( Figs 41J , 43I , 45J )....................................... 16

- Conductor approximately the same length of the embolus ( Figs 52G , 54L ).................................. 18

16(15). Endite’s P1 anteriorly directed, lamellar ( Fig. 41D )................................... Hexapopha ruizi sp. nov.

- Endite’s P1 transversal, not lamellar ( Figs 43E , 45F ).................................................... 17

17(16). Posterior end of carapace angulated in lateral view, abdominal scuta strongly sclerotized ( Fig. 42B )........................................................................................ Hexapopha itabaiana sp. nov.

- Posterior end of carapace nearly straight in lateral view, abdominal scuta weakly sclerotized, inconspicuous ( Fig. 44B ).......................................................................... Hexapopha ramirezi sp. nov.

18(15). Conductor with a proximal subtriangular projection ( Platnick et al. 2014: figs 21, 70, 105)...................... 19

- Conductor without such projection.................................................................. 21

19(18). Endite’s P2 narrow, beak-shaped ( Platnick et al. 2014: fig. 64).... Hexapopha hone Platnick, Berniker & Víquez, 2014

- Endite’s P2 wide, lamellar ( Platnick et al. 2014: figs 10, 98).............................................. 20

20(19). Labium anterior margin anteriorly projecting at middle ( Platnick et al. 2014: fig. 15)................................................................................................ Hexapopha reimoseri ( Fage, 1938)

- Labium anterior margin indented at middle ( Platnick et al. 2014: fig. 98)............................................................................................. Hexapopha osa Platnick, Berniker & Víquez, 2014

21(18). Conductor with bifid tip ( Fig. 47J ).............................................. Hexapopha depleta sp. nov.

- Conductor with single tip......................................................................... 22

22(21). Booklung covers large, approximately the width of pedicel opening ( Fig. 48G )........... Hexapopha gunma sp. nov.

- Booklung covers small, narrow, smaller than the width of pedicel opening ( Figs 50G , 53G )..................... 23

23(22). Endite’s P3 present ( Figs 52C , 54E , 57D )............................................................. 24

- Endite’s P3 absent ( Figs 60C , 63C ).................................................................. 26

24(23). Endite’s P3 horn-shaped ( Fig. 52C )......................................... Hexapopha corniculata sp. nov.

- Endite’s P3 laminar ( Figs 54E , 57D )................................................................. 25

25(24). Endite’s P1 horn-shaped ( Figs 54C–E )............................................. Hexapopha egua sp. nov.

- Endite’s P1 laminar ( Figs 57C–E )............................................ Hexapopha izquierdoi sp. nov.

26(23). Endite’s P1 longitudinally oriented, not folded over itself ( Figs 60C , 63C , 66C ).............................. 27

- Endite’s P1 transversally oriented, folded over itself ( Figs 69D , 72E , 75C ).................................. 29

27(26). Endite’s P1 directed anteriorly ( Figs 60C–D ).................................... Hexapopha numerosa sp. nov.

- Endite’s P1 directed posteriorly ( Figs 63C , 66D )....................................................... 28

28(27). Endite’s P2 a large bent plate ( Fig. 63C )......................................... Hexapopha baehrae sp. nov.

- Endite’s P2 a small acute process ( Fig. 66D ).................................... Hexapopha excavata sp. nov.

29(26). Prolateral process of P1 present ( Figs 69D , 72E )....................................................... 30

- Prolateral process of P1 absent..................................................................... 31

30(29). Prolateral process of P1 bent upwards, strongly serrated ( Fig. 69D ).......... Hexapopha brasiliana ( Bristowe, 1938)

- Prolateral process of P1 not bent upwards, slightly serrated ( Fig. 72E ).................. Hexapopha sorkini sp. nov.

31(29). Endite’s P1 and mp adjacent in ventral view, separated by less than P1 width ( Figs 75C , 78D , 81D , 84D ).......... 32

- Endite’s P1 separated from mp by more than its width ( Figs 87C , 89D )..................................... 35

32(31). Endite’s P2 laminar ( Fig. 75C ).................................................. Hexapopha ubicki sp. nov.

- Endite’s P2 not laminar, tip narrow ( Figs 78D , 81D ).................................................... 33

33(32). Conductor tip narrow, acute ( Fig. 78G )....................................... Hexapopha quadraginta sp. nov.

- Conductor tip wide ( Figs 81H , 84G )................................................................. 34

34(33). Conductor longer than embolus ( Figs 81H–I )....................................... Hexapopha ilhoa sp. nov.

- Conductor as long as the embolus ( Figs 84G–H )................................ Hexapopha marajoara sp. nov.

35(31). Endite’s P1 strongly folded over itself, tip oriented anteriorly or medially ( Figs 87C , 89D , 91D )................. 36

- Endite’s P1 slightly folded over itself, tip oriented posteriorly ( Figs 92D , 95F )............................... 38

36(35). Labium width less than two times its lenght ( Fig. 87C )............................... Hexapopha kropfi sp. nov.

- Labium width more than two times its length ( Figs 89D , 91D )............................................ 37

37(36). Tip of endite’s P1 oriented medially, endite’s median projection with anterior margin serrated, labium anterior margin not projecting at middle ( Fig. 89D )............................................. Hexapopha caboquinho sp. nov.

- Tip of endite’s P1 oriented anteriorly, median projection with anterior margin smooth, labium anterior margin projecting at middle ( Figs 91D–E ).................................................... Hexapopha grismadoi sp. nov.

38(35). Endite’s P1 abruptly narrowed, tip narrow ( Figs 92D,F )............................ Hexapopha pithecia sp. nov.

- Endite’s P1 club-shaped, tip blunt ( Figs 97C–E , 100B, C )................................................ 39

39(38). Endite’s P2 directed posteriorly, not protruded ( Figs 97C,D )....................... Hexapopha manauara sp. nov.

- Endite’s P2 directed ventrally, protruded ( Figs 100C,D ).......................... Hexapopha pantaneira sp. nov.

40(1). Postepigastric scape present ( Figs 13J , 16I , 23I , 39J ).................................................... 41

- Postepigastric scape absent ( Figs 52K , 60J , 66J , 84I ).................................................... 59

41(40). Postepigastric scape not fused to posterior postepigastric plate ( Figs 12G , 13J , 15G , 16H , 22G , 23I ).............. 42

- Postepigastric scape fused to postepigastric plate ( Figs 56G , 57J , 68G , 69I ).................................. 44

42(41). Postepigastric scape tube-shaped ( Fig. 13J )......................................... Hexapopha peba sp. nov.

- Postepigastric scape tongue-shaped ( Figs 16I , 23I )..................................................... 43

43(42). Postepigastric scape near the spinnerets ( Fig. 16H )................................ Hexapopha harveyi sp. nov.

- Postepigastric scape in the middle of postepigastric scutum ( Figs 22F , 23I )........... Hexapopha periclitata sp. nov.

44(41). Postepigastric plate narrow, distinctly wider than long ( Figs 33H , 39J , 78J , 87J ).............................. 45

- Postepigastric plate broad, longer than wider or nearly as long as wide ( Figs 71H , 69I )......................... 50

45(44). Booklung covers large, approximately the width of pedicel opening diameter ( Fig. 38G ).... Hexapopha wangi sp. nov.

- Booklung covers small, very narrow, much smaller than the width of pedicel opening diameter ( Figs 77F , 86G , 56F )... .............................................................................................. 46

46(45). Posterior margin of postepigastric plate semicircular ( Figs 77G , 87J )....................................... 47

- Posterior margin of postepigastric plate triangular ( Figs 33G , 56G , 74G ).................................... 48

47(46). Lateral arms of the T-shaped genitalic process thin; duct narrow, multifolded ( Figs 77G–H , 78L . ........................................................................................ Hexapopha quadraginta sp. nov.

- Lateral arms of the T-shaped genitalic process thick; duct wide, with only three folds ( Figs 86G–H , 87L )....................................................................................... Hexapopha kropfi sp. nov.

48(46). Posterior margin of postepigastric plate elevated in lateral view ( Fig. 33H )............. Hexapopha santosi sp. nov.

- Posterior margin of postepigastric plate not elevated.................................................... 49

49(48). Posterior margin of postepigastric plate highly sclerotized ( Figs 56G–H )............. Hexapopha izquierdoi sp. nov.

- Posterior margin of postepigastric plate slightly sclerotized ( Figs 74G–H )................ Hexapopha ubicki sp. nov.

50(44). Postepigastric scape trapezoid, truncated, with sinuous posterior margin ( Fig. 71H )....... Hexapopha sorkini sp. nov.

- Postepigastric scape U- or V-shaped, poited........................................................... 51

51(50). Postepigastric scape U-shaped ( Figs 8J , 62G–H , 69I ; Platnick et al., 2014, figs 84–86)......................... 52

- Postepigastric scape V-shaped ( Figs 80G , 93G , 99G , 96G , 101G ).......................................... 55

52(51). Genital duct wide, almost reaching the posterior portion of the postepigastric plate ( Figs 7G–H )............................................................................................... Hexapopha una sp. nov.

- Genital duct narrow, situated on the anterior portion of the postepigastric plate ( Figs 68G–H , 62G–H ; Platnick et al., 2014, figs 85–86)..................................................................................... 53

53(52). Arms of T-shaped genitalic process straight ( Fig. 69K ).................... Hexapopha brasiliana ( Bristowe, 1938)

- Arms of T-shaped genitalic process curved............................................................ 54

54(53). Arms of T-shaped genitalic process procurved ( Fig. 62K )........................... Hexapopha baehrae sp. nov.

- Arms of T-shaped genitalic process recurved ( Platnick et al., 2014, fig. 86).......................................................................................... Hexapopha hone Platnick, Berniker & Víquez, 2014

55(51). Lateral margins of the postepigastric plate excavated ( Fig. 94E )...................... Hexapopha pithecia sp. nov.

- Lateral margins of the postepigastric plate otherwise.................................................... 56

56(55). Posterior margin of postepigastric plate rounded ( Figs 80G–H )......................... Hexapopha ilhoa sp. nov.

- Posterior margin of postepigastric plate angular........................................................ 57

57(56). Posterior margin of the postepigastric plate forming an angle of 120º ( Figs 101G–H ).............................................................................................. Hexapopha m-scripta ( Birabén, 1954)

- Posterior margin of the postepigastric plate forming a smaller angle........................................ 58

58(57). Lateral apodemes strongly sclerotized, curved ( Figs 99F–H )....................... Hexapopha pantaneira sp. nov.

- Lateral apodemes weakly sclerotized, straight ( Fig. 96F ).......................... Hexapopha manauara sp. nov.

59(40). Postepigastric plate broad, longer than wider or nearly as long as wide, tongue-shaped ( Figs 65F–H , 27F–H , 30F–H )... .............................................................................................. 60

- Postepigastric plate narrow, distinctly wider than long, lip-shaped ( Figs 51F–H ; 83F–H )....................... 62

60(59). Postepigastric plate excavated, concave ( Fig. 66J )................................ Hexapopha excavata sp. nov.

- Postepigastric plate not excavated................................................................... 61

61(60). Margins of the postepigastric plate strongly slerotized ( Figs 27F–H ).................. Hexapopha tallitae sp. nov.

- Margins of the postepigastric plate not strongly slerotized ( Figs 30F–H ).............. Hexapopha platnicki sp. nov.

62(59). Postepigastric plate V-shaped ( Figs 51G–H )................................... Hexapopha corniculata sp. nov.

- Postepigastric plate U-shaped ( Figs 51G–H , 59G–H ; Platnick et al., 2014, figs 59–60, 94–95, 120–121)........... 63

63(62). Copulatory opening positioned on postepigastric plate ventral surface ( Figs 84J , 60L )......................... 64

- Copulatory opening internal, positioned under the epigastric plate (not visible in SEM)........................ 65

64(63). Lateral apodemes strongly sclerotized, curved ( Figs 83G–H )...................... Hexapopha marajoara sp. nov.

- Lateral apodemes weakly sclerotized, straight ( Figs 59G–H )........................ Hexapopha numerosa sp. nov.

65(63). Postepigastric plate narrow ( Platnick et al., 2014, figs 58–60)................... Hexapopha reimoseri ( Fage, 1938)

- Postepigastric plate wide.......................................................................... 66

66(65). Arms of T-shaped genitalic process procurved ( Platnick et al. 2014: figs 94–95).................................................................................... Hexapopha jimenez Platnick, Berniker & Víquez, 2014

- Arms of T-shaped genitalic process straight ( Platnick et al. 2014: figs 120–121)....................................................................................... Hexapopha osa Platnick, Berniker & Víquez, 2014

Figures

FIGURE 1A, B. Hexapopha numerosa sp. nov., live type specimens (MPEG 37089; PBI_OON 44911) from northern Brazil. A male. B female. Photo: Cesar Favacho.

MAP 1. Distribution of Hexapopha

MAP 2. Distribution of Hexapopha species.

MAP 3. Distribution of Hexapopha species.

MAP 4. Distribution of Hexapopha species.

MAP 5. Distribution of Hexapopha species.

MAP 6. Distribution of Hexapopha species.

FIGURES 2A–E. Hexapopha spp., A H. harveyi sp. nov., correlation in size between male endites and female genitalia: male (MPEG 37880; PBI_OON 45845) carapace on the left, female (MPEG 37881; PBI_OON 46058) abdomen on the right. B–E male endites, ventral view. B H. una sp. nov. C H. harveyi sp. nov. D H. fannesi sp. nov. E H. ubicki sp. nov. Abbreviations: la, labium; mp, median projection; P, projection; pmp, posteromedian part of endite.

FIGURES 3A–L. Hexapopha corniculata sp. nov., male (MPEG 10826; PBI_OON 45135). A habitus, ventrolateral view. B–D carapace. B lateral view. C anterior view. D ventral view. E sternum, ventral view, detail of lateral margin. F endites, ventral view. G labrum, dorsal view. H–I chelicerae. H posterior view. I anterior view. J–L abdômen. J ventral view. K lateral view. L detail of K, showing the pedicel opening and booklung cover.

FIGURES 4A–L. Hexapopha spp., males. A–H H. manauara sp. nov. (INPA; PBI_OON 45471). I–L H. corniculata sp. nov. (MPEG 10826; PBI_OON 45135). A–D legs. A leg I. B leg II. C leg III. D leg VI. E–H tarsal claw. E leg I. F leg II. G leg III. H leg VI. I–L tarsal organ. I leg I. J leg II. K leg III. L leg VI.

FIGURES 5A–L. Hexapopha spp., A, I–L males; B–H females. A H. corniculata sp. nov. (MPEG 19425; PBI_OON 43847), trichobothrial base, metatarsus III, dorsal view. B–C H. corniculata sp. nov. (MPEG 10823; PBI_OON 45133), left palp. B prolateral view. C tarsal organ. D–F female genitalia, ventral view. D H. osa (MCZ 68226; PBI_OON 28104). E H. baehrae sp. nov. (MCN 9063; PBI_OON 44166). F H. pantaneira sp. nov. (IBSP 16194; PBI_OON 52504). G–H same, dorsal view. G H. una sp. nov. (IBSP 62549; PBI_OON 46390). H H. baehrae sp. nov. I–L H. baehrae sp. nov. (MCN 9063; PBI_OON 44166) left palp. I prolateral view. J, retrolateral view. K detail of embolus, prolateral view. L same, retrolateral view.

FIGURES 6A–I. Hexapopha una sp. nov., male (IBSP 64441; PBI_OON 51576). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 7A–H. Hexapopha una sp. nov., female (IBSP 64441; PBI_OON 51576). A–B habitus. A, dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 8A–L. Hexapopha una sp. nov., SEM images. A–H male (IBSP 64465; PBI_OON 46402). I–L female (IBSP 64441; PBI_OON 51576). A carapace, ventral view. B mouthparts, ventral view. C endites, ventral view. D chelicerae, posterior view. E–F left palp. E prolateral view. F retrolateral view. G–H embolus. G prolateral view. H retrolateral view. I carapace, lateral view. J epigastric region, ventrolateral view. K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of K, showing genital duct. Abbreviations: d, duct; mp, median projection; P, projection; sc, postepigastric scape.

FIGURES 9A–I. Hexapopha brescoviti sp. nov., male (IBSP 62552; PBI_OON 46410). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 10A–I. Hexapopha brescoviti sp. nov., male, SEM images (IBSP 62550; PBI_OON 51554). A carapace, ventral view. B mouthparts, ventral view. C endites, ventral view. D chelicerae, apical view. E left chelicera, showing sclerotized projection (arrow). F–G left palp. F prolateral view. G retrolateral view. H–I embolus. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Abbreviations: mp, median projection; P, projection; pf, pleural flap; pmp, posteromedian part of endite.

FIGURES 11A–I. Hexapopha peba sp. nov., male (MPEG 37853; PBI_OON 45772). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 12A–H. Hexapopha peba sp. nov., female (MPEG 37854; PBI_OON 45386). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 13A–L. Hexapopha peba sp. nov., SEM images. A–H male (MPEG 37853; PBI_OON 45772). I–L female (MPEG 37853; PBI_OON 45386). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C sternum, detail of median projection (arrow). D–E mouthparts. D ventral view. E lateral view. F right palp, retrolateral view. G–H embolus. G ventral view. H retrolateral view (arrow: projection of conductor). I–J epigastric region. I ventral view. J lateral view (arrow: copulatory opening). K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of K, showing genital duct. Abbreviations: d, duct; P, projection; sc, postepigastric scape.

FIGURES 14A–I. Hexapopha harveyi sp. nov., male (MPEG 37880; PBI_OON 45845). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D posterior view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 15A–H. Hexapopha harveyi sp. nov., female (MPEG 15331; PBI_OON 46033). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F spinnerets, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 16A–L. Hexapopha harveyi sp. nov., SEM images. A–G male (MPEG 37880; PBI_OON 46845). H–L female (PBI_OON 46058). A carapace, ventral view. B mouthparts, ventral view. C right endite, detail of projections. D detail of projection P1 of endites. E–F embolus. E prolateral view. F retrolateral view. G left palp, retrolateral view. H abdomen, ventral view (arrow: epigastric scutum). I detail of H, showing postepigastric scape. J epigastric region, ventral view. K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of K, showing anterior sclerite. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; mp, median projection; P, projection; sc, postepigastric scape; vs, ventral surface of distal hook of posterior sclerite.

FIGURES 17A–I. Hexapopha fannesi sp. nov., male (holotype) (MPEG 37770; PBI_OON 45692). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 18A–I. Hexapopha fannesi sp. nov., male, SEM images (MPEG 10860; PBI_OON 45340). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D endites, lateral view. E detail of D, showing projection P1. F–G left palp. F prolateral view. G retrolateral view. H–I embolus. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Abbreviations: la, labium; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 19A–I. Hexapopha erebai sp. nov., male (MPEG 10912; PBI_OON 45898). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 20A–L. Hexapopha erebai sp. nov., male, SEM images (MPEG 10911; PBI_OON 45821). A–B carapace. A anterior view. B ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D chelicerae, anterior view. E abdomen, ventral view. F sperm pore, ventral view. G prosoma pedicelar region, detail of process (arrow). H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. J–K embolus. J prolateral view. K retrolateral view. L trichobothrial base, metatarsus III, dorsal view. Abbreviations: mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 22A–H. Hexapopha periclitata sp. nov., female (IBSP 69699; PBI_OON 52565). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 23A–L. Hexapopha periclitata sp. nov., SEM images. A–H male (IBSP 69641; PBI_OON 52517). I–L female (IBSP 69699; PBI_OON 52565). A carapace, ventral view (arrow: process of prosoma pedicelar region). B mouthparts, ventral view. C–D endites. C lateral view. D ventral view, detail of projection P2. E–F left palp. E prolateral view. F retrolateral view. G–H embolus. G prolateral view. H retrolateral view. I–J epigastric region. I ventral view (arrow: postepigastric scape). J posterior view, showing slit-shaped opening. K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of K, showing genital duct. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; d, duct; mp, median projection; P, projection; vs, ventral surface of distal hook of posterior sclerite.

FIGURES 24A–I. Hexapopha delta sp. nov., male (MPEG 37092; PBI_OON 52668). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 25A–L. Hexapopha delta sp. nov., male, SEM images (MPEG 37092; PBI_OON 52668). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C–D mouthparts, ventral view. E endites, ventral view. F detail of E, showing projection P2. G abdomen, ventral view. H sperm pore, ventral view. I–J left palp. I prolateral view. J retrolateral view. K–L embolus. K prolateral view. L retrolateral view. Abbreviations: mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 26A–I. Hexapopha tallitae sp. nov., male (MPEG 37097; PBI_OON 46100). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 27A–H. Hexapopha tallitae sp. nov., female (MPEG 37103; PBI_OON 44879). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 28A–L. Hexapopha tallitae sp. nov., SEM images. A–I male (MPEG 37103; PBI_OON 46100). J–L female (MPEG 37097; PBI_OON 44879). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D–E endites, lateral view (asterisk: prolateral process of P1). F–G left palp. F prolateral view. G retrolateral view. H–I embolus. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. J epigastric region, ventral view. K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of K, showing genital duct. Abbreviations: d, duct; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 30A–H. Hexapopha platnicki sp. nov., female (MPEG 10287; PBI_OON 45330). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 31A–L. Hexapopha platnicki sp. nov., SEM images. A–H male (MPEG 37731; PBI_OON 45513). I–L female (MPEG 37731; PBI_OON 45513). A carapace, ventral view. B endites, ventral view (asterisk: prolateral process of P1). C detail of B, showing projection P2. D abdomen, lateral view. E–F left palp. E prolateral view. F retrolateral view. G–H embolus. G prolateral view. H retrolateral view. I carapace, ventrolateral view. J epigastric region, ventral view. K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of K, showing T-shaped anterior genitalic process.Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; d, duct; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 33A–H. Hexapopha santosi sp. nov., female (IBSP 65264; PBI_OON 51424). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H lateral view (arrow: postepigastric plate). Scale bars: 0.1mm. Abbreviation: sc, epigastric scutum.

FIGURES 34A–L. Hexapopha santosi sp. nov., male, SEM images (IBSP 65306; PBI_OON 51573). A–C carapace. A lateral view. B frontal view (arrow:median concavity).C ventral view. D mouthparts, ventral view. E endites, anterior view. F abdomen, lateral view. G sperm pore, ventral view. H–I left palp. H retrolateral view. I prolateral view. J–K embolus. J retrolateral view. K prolateral view. L chelicerae, posterior view. Abbreviations: c, conductor; E, embolus; la, labium; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 36A–L. Hexapopha rheimsae sp. nov., male, SEM images (IBSP 64281; PBI_OON 51551). A–B carapace. A lateral view (arrow: median concavity). B ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D–E endites. D anterior view. E lateral view. F abdomen, lateral view. G sperm pore, ventral view. H–I left palp. H retrolateral view. I prolateral view. J–K embolus. J retrolateral view (arrow: conductor). K prolateral view. L chelicerae, posterior view. Abbreviations: la, labium; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 38A–H. Hexapopha wangi sp. nov., female (IBSP 69437; PBI_OON 52572). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view (arrow: booklung covers). H, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 39A–L. Hexapopha wangi sp. nov., SEM images. A–H male (IBSP 69428; PBI_OON 52610). I–L female (IBSP 69437; PBI_OON 52572). A–B carapace. A ventral view. B lateral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D endites, ventral view. E–F left palp. E prolateral view. F retrolateral view. G–H embolus. G prolateral view. H retrolateral view. I–J epigastric region. I ventral view. J lateral view. K–L internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: d, duct; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 41A–L. Hexapopha ruizi sp. nov., male, SEM images (IBSP 64364; PBI_OON 51555). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C–D mouthparts, ventral view. E endites, lateral view. F abdomen, anterolateral view. G sperm pore, ventral view. H–I left palp. H retrolateral view. I prolateral view. J–L embolus. J retrolateral view. K prolateral view. L ventral view. Abbreviations: c, conductor; E, embolus; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 42A–I. Hexapopha itabaiana sp. nov., male (IBSP 68163; PBI_OON 52568). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 43A–I. Hexapopha itabaiana sp. nov., male, SEM images (IBSP 68163; PBI_OON 52568). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D–E endites. D ventral view. E detail of D, showing projections. F abdomen, lateral view. G sperm pore, ventral view. H right palp, retrolateral view. I embolus, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: c, conductor; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 44A–I. Hexapopha ramirezi sp. nov., male (MPEG 37789; PBI_OON 45542). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 45A–L. Hexapopha ramirezi sp. nov., male, SEM images (MPEG 10197; PBI_OON 45889). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D–F endites. D ventral view. E lateral view. F detail of median projection. G sperm pore, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. J–L embolus. J prolateral view. K retrolateral view. L ventral view. Abbreviations: mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 47A–L. Hexapopha depleta sp. nov., male, SEM images (IRSN; PBI_OON 16409). A–C carapace. A anterior view. B lateral view. C ventral view. D mouthparts, ventral view. E–G endites. E anterior view. F lateral view. G ventral view. H–I left palp. H ventral view. I retrolateral view. J–L embolus. J prolateral view. K retrolateral view. L ventral view. Abbreviations: c, conductor; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 48A–I. Hexapopha gunma sp. nov., male (MPEG 37858; PBI_OON 45712). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view (arrow: booklung covers). H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 50A–I. Hexapopha corniculata sp. nov., male (MPEG 19409; PBI_OON 43830). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 51A–H. Hexapopha corniculata sp. nov., female (MPEG 10820; PBI_OON 45132). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 52A–L. Hexapopha corniculata sp. nov., SEM images. A–H male (MPEG 19425; PBI_OON 43846). I–L female (MPEG 10823; PBI_OON 45133). A habitus, lateral view. B carapace, ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D–E left palp. D prolateral view. E retrolateral view. F sperm pore, ventral view. G–H embolus. G prolateral view. H retrolateral view. I carapace, anterior view. J mouthparts, ventral view. K epigastric region, ventral view. L internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; mp, median projection; P, projection; vs, ventral surface of distal hook of posterior sclerite.

FIGURES 53A–I. Hexapopha egua sp. nov., male (MPEG 10863; PBI_OON 45817). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 54A–L. Hexapopha egua sp. nov., male, SEM images (MPEG 10856; PBI_OON 45350). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D–E endites. D ventral view. E lateral view. F abdomen, ventral view. G sperm pore, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. J–L embolus. J prolateral view. K retrolateral view. L ventral view. Abbreviations: mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 56A–H. Hexapopha izquierdoi sp. nov., female (MPEG 37807; PBI_OON 45749). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view (arrow: margin of postepigastric plate). H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 57A–L. Hexapopha izquierdoi sp. nov., SEM images. A–H male (MPEG 37810; PBI_OON 45602). I–L female (MPEG 37834; PBI_OON 45776). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D–E endites. D ventral view.E lateral view.F left palp, retrolateral view. G–H embolus. G prolateral view.H retrolateral view.I carapace, ventral view. J epigastric region, ventral view. K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L right endite, detail of serrula (arrow). Abbreviations: mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 59A–H. Hexapopha numerosa sp. nov., female (MPEG 15368; PBI_OON 45950). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 60A–L. Hexapopha numerosa sp. nov., SEM images. A–I male (MPEG 37036; PBI_OON 46329). J–L female (MPEG 15316; PBI_OON 45438). A habitus, lateral view. B carapace, ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D endites, showing median projections and projection P1. E–F left palp. E prolateral view. F retrolateral view. G–I embolus. G prolateral view. H retrolateral view. I apical view. J epigastric region, ventral view. K internal genitalia, dorsal view (arrow: slit-shaped opening on posterior uterine sclerite). L detail of J, copulatory opening. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; d, duct; mp, median projection; P, projection; vs, ventral surface of distal hook of posterior sclerite.

FIGURES 62A–H. Hexapopha baehrae sp. nov., female (MCN 8554; PBI_OON 46377). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 63A–L. Hexapopha baehrae sp. nov., SEM images. A–I male (MCN 8554; PBI_OON 46377). J–L female (MCN 8554; PBI_OON 46377). A carapace, ventral view. B mouthparts, ventral view. C endites ventral view. D chelicerae, posterior view. E sperm pore, ventral view. F–G left palp. F prolateral view. G retrolateral view. H–I embolus. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. J epigastric region, ventral view. K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of K, showing T-shaped anterior genitalic process. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 65A–H. Hexapopha excavata sp. nov., female (MPEG 10971; PBI_OON 45364). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 66A–L. Hexapopha excavata sp. nov., SEM images. A–I male (MPEG 10917; PBI_OON 45369). J–L female (MPEG 37774; PBI_OON 45685). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D endites, lateral view. E detail of D, showing projection P2. F chelicerae, posterior view. G left palp, prolateral view. H–I embolus. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. J epigastric region, ventral view. K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of K, showing T-shaped anterior genitalic process. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; d, duct; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 68A–H. Hexapopha brasiliana (Bristowe), female (IBSP 60493; PBI_OON 44502). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 69A–L. Hexapopha brasiliana (Bristowe), SEM images. A–H male (IBSP 60492; PBI_OON 44497). I–L female (IBSP 68399; PBI_OON 52609). A carapace, ventral view. B mouthparts, ventral view. C–E endites. C lateral view. D ventral view (asterisk: prolateral process of P1). E detail of D, showing median projections and projection P2. F left palp, retrolateral view. G–H embolus. G prolateral view. H retrolateral view. I epigastric region, ventral view. J detail of I, showing slit-shaped opening. K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of K, showing genital duct. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; d, duct; mp, median projection; ps, posterior sclerite; P, projection; sc, postepigastric scape.

FIGURES 71A–H. Hexapopha sorkini sp. nov., female (AMNH; PBI_OON 46280). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F–G abdomen. F ventral view. G anterior view. H epigastric region, ventral view (arrow: margin of postepigastric plate). Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 72A–I. Hexapopha sorkini sp. nov., male, SEM images (AMNH; PBI_OON 46280). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C–D mouthparts, ventral view. E right endite, ventral view, detail of projections (asterisk: prolateral process of P1). F–G right palp. F retrolateral view. G prolateral view. H–I embolus. H retrolateral view. I prolateral view. Abbreviations: mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 74A–H. Hexapopha ubicki sp. nov., female (MPEG 10821; PBI_OON 45134). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view (arrow: margin of postepigastric plate). H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 75A–L. Hexapopha ubicki sp. nov., SEM images. A–H male (MPEG 10129; PBI_OON 45870). I–L female (MPEG 37710; PBI_OON 45572). A carapace, ventral view. B mouthparts, ventral view. C left endite, ventral view, showing median projections and projections P1 and P2. D chelicerae, posterior view (arrow: row of five long, medially directed setae; arrowhead: group of shorter spines). E–F left palp. E prolateral view. F retrolateral view. G–H embolus. G prolateral view. H retrolateral view. I carapace, lateral view. J epigastric region, ventral view. K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of J, showing epigastric escape. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; mp, median projection; P, projection; pmp, posteromedian part of endite; sc, postepigastric scape.

FIGURES 77A–H. Hexapopha quadraginta sp. nov., female (MPEG 37844; PBI_OON 46320). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 78A–L. Hexapopha quadraginta sp. nov., SEM images. A–H male (MPEG 37844; PBI_OON 46320). I–L female (MPEG 37844; PBI_OON 46320). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D endites, lateral view. E–F left palp. E prolateral view. F retrolateral view. G–H embolus. G prolateral view. H retrolateral view. I carapace, ventral view. J epigastric region, lateral view (arrow: postepigastric scape). K detail of J, showing slit-shaped opening. L internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; c, conductor; d, duct; E, embolus; mp, median projection; P, projection; ps, posterior sclerite.

FIGURES 80A–H. Hexapopha ilhoa sp. nov., female (MCN 5178; PBI_OON 46370). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 81A–L. Hexapopha ilhoa sp. nov., SEM images. A–I male (MCN 5178; PBI_OON 46370). J–L female (MCN 5178; PBI_OON 46370). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D–E endites. D lateral view. E detail of projections. F–G left palp. F prolateral view. G retrolateral view. H–I embolus. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. J epigastric region, ventral view. K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of K, showing genital duct. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; c, conductor; d, duct; E, embolus; mp, median projection; P, projection; ps, posterior sclerite; sc, postepigastric scape.

FIGURES 83A–H. Hexapopha marajoara sp. nov., female (MPEG 37969; PBI_OON 46353). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 84A–L. Hexapopha marajoara sp. nov., SEM images. A–H male (MPEG 37980; PBI_OON 46343). I–L female (MPEG 37976; PBI_OON 46355). A carapace, ventral view. B–C mouthparts, ventral view. D endites, lateral view. E–F left palp. E prolateral view. F retrolateral view. G–H embolus. G prolateral view. H retrolateral view. I epigastric region, ventral view. J detail of I, showing copulatory opening. K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of K, showing genital duct. Abbreviations: c, conductor; d, duct; E, embolus; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 86A–H. Hexapopha kropfi sp. nov., female (MPEG 37886; PBI_OON 46111). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 87A–L. Hexapopha kropfi sp. nov., SEM images. A–H male (MPEG 37936; PBI_OON 46074). I–L female (MPEG 37936; PBI_OON 46074). A habitus, lateral view. B carapace, ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D endites, lateral view. E–F left palp. E prolateral view. F retrolateral view. G–H embolus. G prolateral view. H retrolateral view. I epigastric region, ventral view. J detail of I, showing slit-shaped opening and postepigastric scape. K epigastric region, lateral view. L internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: d, duct; la, labium; mp, median projection; P, projection; sc, postepigastric scape.

FIGURES 89A–I. Hexapopha caboquinho sp. nov., male, SEM images (MPEG 37784; PBI_OON 45397). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C mouthparts, lateral view. D endites, ventral view. E abdomen, lateral view. F sperm pore, ventral view. G left palp, prolateral view. H–I embolus. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Abbreviations: la, labium; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 91A–L. Hexapopha grismadoi sp. nov., male, SEM images (MPEG 37875; PBI_OON 45878). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C mouthparts, ventral view. D–E endites. D ventral view. E lateral view. F abdomen, ventral view. G sperm pore, ventral view. H–I right palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. J–K embolus. J prolateral view. K retrolateral view. L left chelicera, apical view. Abbreviations: la: labium; mp, median projection; P, projection.

FIGURES 92A–I. Hexapopha pithecia sp. nov., male (MUSM; PBI_OON 44504). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm. Abbreviations: P, projection.

FIGURES 93A–H. Hexapopha pithecia sp. nov., female (MUSM; PBI_OON 44504). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 94A–I. Hexapopha pithecia sp. nov., female, SEM images (MUSM; PBI_OON 44504). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C right endite, showing serrula. D ventral scutum, lateral view. E–F epigastric region. E ventral view. F lateral view. G copulatory opening. H internal genitalia, dorsal view. I detail of H, showing genital duct.Abbreviations: d, duct; sc, postepigastric scape.

FIGURES 95A–I. Hexapopha manauara sp. nov., male (INPA; PBI_OON 45475). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F mouthparts, ventral view. G abdomen, ventral view. H–I left palp. H prolateral view. I retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 96A–H. Hexapopha manauara sp. nov., female (INPA; PBI_OON 45396). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 97A–L. Hexapopha manauara sp. nov., SEM images. A–F male (INPA; PBI_OON 45471). G–L female (INPA; PBI_OON 45471). A–B carapace. A lateral view. B ventral view. C–D mouthparts. C ventral view (asterisk: posterior part of P1). D lateral view. E detail of D, showing projection P1. F embolus, ventral view. G–H carapace. G anterolateral view. H ventral view. I chelicerae, apical view. J abdomen, ventral view. K epigastric region, ventral view. L internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: mp, median projection; P, projection; sc, postepigastric scape.

FIGURES 99A–H. Hexapopha pantaneira sp. nov., female (IBSP 69640; PBI_OON 52497). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.

FIGURES 100A–L. Hexapopha pantaneira sp. nov., SEM images. A–H male (IBSP 69640; PBI_OON 52497). I–L female (IBSP 69640; PBI_OON 52564). A carapace, ventral view. B mouthparts, ventral view (asterisk: posterior part of projection P1). C–D endites. C lateral view. D ventral view, detail of median projection and P2. E–F left palp. E prolateral view. F retrolateral view. G–H embolus. G prolateral view. H retrolateral view. I–J epigastric region. I ventral view. J posterior view, showing postepigastric scape and copulatory opening (arrow). K internal genitalia, dorsal view. L detail of K, showing genital duct (arrow). Abbreviations: mp, median projection; P, projection; sc, postepigastric scape.

FIGURES 101A–H. Hexapopha m-scripta (Birabén), female (MCTP 1157; PBI_OON 44499). A–B habitus. A dorsal view. B lateral view. C–E carapace. C dorsal view. D ventral view. E anterior view. F abdomen, ventral view. G–H epigastric region. G ventral view. H dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1mm.