Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853

Kamanli, Seyit A., Morritt, David, Ball, Alexander D., Goral, Tomasz & Clark, Paul F., 2018, Re-description of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea: Varunidae) zoeal development using confocal laser scanning microscopy, Zootaxa 4507 (1), pp. 1-67 : 6-20

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4507.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:86F65571-5C54-42AB-8AE4-F63572E2AFBD
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3717669
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3278796-277E-693B-FF75-C650FBC69F8B
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853
status

Treatment

Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 ̄ 52 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 View FIGURE 22 View FIGURE 23 View FIGURE 24 View FIGURE 25 View FIGURE 26 View FIGURE 27 View FIGURE 28 View FIGURE 29 View FIGURE 30 View FIGURE 31 View FIGURE 32 View FIGURE 33 View FIGURE 34 View FIGURE 35 View FIGURE 36 View FIGURE 37 View FIGURE 38 View FIGURE 39 View FIGURE 40 View FIGURE 41 View FIGURE 42 View FIGURE 43 View FIGURE 44 View FIGURE 45 View FIGURE 46 View FIGURE 47 View FIGURE 48 View FIGURE 49 View FIGURE 51 View FIGURE 52

Schnakenbeck 1926: 352, fig. (ZI), 1933: 157, figs. 46̅66 (PZ, ZI); Hinrichs & Grell 1937: 217, Abb. 1̅3 (ZV); Buhk 1938: 776, Abb. 3̅5 (ZI̅V); Panning 1939a: 273, Abb. 1̅11 (ZI̅IV), 1939b: 361, fig. 2 (ZI); André 1947: 35, figs. 2̅5 (ZI,); Liang et al. 1974: 67, figs. 1̅63 (ZI̅V); Ingle 1986: 101, fig. 1 (ZI), 1991: 248̅250, figs. 1.10n; 1.14d; 1.18f; 1.22g; 1.23e; 1.29f; 1.32g; 1.35c; 1.36k; 1.38g; 2.37d̅j; 2.38, (ZI-V); Kim & Hwang 1995: figs. 1̅7, tabs. III̅IV (ZI̅V); Montú et al. 1996: 50, figs. 1̅16 (PZ, ZI̅VI).

Zoea I ( Figs. 1A View FIGURE 1 , 2−9 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 )

Carapace ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 ): Globose; dorsal spine present, gently curved, longer than rostral and lateral spines; rostral spine present and shorter than dorsal spine and with small spinules; lateral spines present with small spines on surface; anterodorsal setae absent; one pair of posterodorsal setae present; ventral margin with 8¯9 serrations, setae absent; dorsoposterior margin without setae; eyes sessile.

Antennule ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ): Primary flagellum with 4 terminal aesthetascs (2 broad, 2 slender) and 1 small seta; accessory flagellum absent.

Antenna ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ): Uniramous; protopod distally bilaterally spinulate; endopod absent; exopod short, ca. 30% of protopod, with 2 unequal (1 short, 1 minute) medial spines.

Mandible ( Fig. 4A, B View FIGURE 4 ): Palp absent, incisor teeth distinct.

Maxillule ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ): Uniramous; epipod seta absent; coxa with 5 sparsely plumose setae, basial endite with 5 armed processes (four plumodenticulate, one sparsely plumose setae); endopod comprising 2 articles, proximal article with 1 seta, distal article with 5 (1 subterminal+4 terminal) plumose setae; exopod absent.

Maxilla ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 ): Biramous; coxal endite bilobed with 4+3 plumose setae; basial endite bilobed with 5+4 sparsely plumose setae; endopod without articulation and bilobed with 2+2 plumose setae; exopod (scaphognathite) margin with 4 plumose+1 long distal stout process.

First maxilliped ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ): Biramous; coxa without seta; basis with 10 (2+2+3+3) setae; endopod comprising 5 articles with 2,2,1,2,5 (1 subterminal (dorsal)+4 terminal) setae; exopod comprising 2 articles, distal article with 4 long terminal plumose natatory setae.

Second maxilliped ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ): Biramous; coxa without seta; basis with 4 (1+1+1+1) sparsely plumose setae; endopod comprising 3 articles with 0,1,6 (3 subterminal (1 dorsal, 2 ventral)+3 terminal) sparsely plumose setae; exopod comprising 2 articles, distal article with 4 terminal plumose natatory setae.

Third maxilliped: Absent.

Pereiopods: Absent.

Pleon ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ): Five pleomeres, pleomere 2 with 1 pair of dorsolateral processes directed anteriorly; pleomeres 3 and 4 each with a small pair of dorsolateral processes directed ventrally, pleomere 1 with rounded posterolateral process; pleomeres 2¯4 with dorsolateral processes; pleomere 1 without medial setae; pleomeres 2¯5 with a pair of posterodorsal setae; pleopods absent.

Telson ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 ): Bifurcated; each fork long curved distally with an inner row of paired spinules; lateral and dorsomedial spines absent; posterior margin with 3 pairs of stout spinulate setae, inner pair with 2 long spinules medially on inner margin; anal operculum ventral.

Zoea II ( Figs. 1B View FIGURE 1 , 10−15 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 )

Carapace ( Fig. 1B View FIGURE 1 , 10 View FIGURE 10 ): Two pairs of anterodorsal (one pair on orbital margin) setae; lateral spines now smooth; ventral margin with 2 anterior plumose setae and 2 posterior setae with additional serrations; eyes stalked. Otherwise unchanged.

Antennule ( Fig. 11A View FIGURE 11 ): Primary flagellum with 4 broad aesthetascs and 2 equal short setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Antenna ( Fig. 11B View FIGURE 11 ): Exopod more developed, ca. 35% of protopod length. Otherwise unchanged.

Mandible: Unchanged.

Maxillule ( Fig. 11C View FIGURE 11 ): Biramous; basial endite with 7 armed processes; exopod, plumose seta present. Otherwise unchanged.

Maxilla ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 ): Exopod (scaphognathite) margin with 5+3 plumose setae; long distal stout process reduced in size. Otherwise unchanged.

First maxilliped ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ): Exopod, distal article with 6 long terminal plumose natatory setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Second maxilliped ( Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 ): Exopod, distal article with 6 long terminal plumose natatory setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Third maxilliped: Absent.

Pereiopods: Absent.

Pleon ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 A–C): Pleomere 1 with 1 small dorsal medial seta. Otherwise unchanged.

Telson ( Fig. 15D View FIGURE 15 ): Unchanged.

Zoea III ( Figs. 1C View FIGURE 1 , 16 View FIGURE 16 ̄22)

Carapace ( Fig. 1C View FIGURE 1 , 16 View FIGURE 16 ): Now with four pairs of anterodorsal setae; dorsal spine with 1 pair of setae; lateral spine slightly decreasing in length; ventral margin 2 anterior plumose setae and 4 posterior setae and with additional serrations. Otherwise unchanged.

Antennule ( Fig. 17A View FIGURE 17 ): Unchanged.

Antenna ( Figs. 17B, C View FIGURE 17 ): Biramous; endopod present as small bud (ca. 20% of whole appendage); exopod more developed, ca. 40% of protopod. Otherwise unchanged.

Mandible ( Fig. 18A View FIGURE 18 ): Unchanged.

Maxillule ( Fig. 18B View FIGURE 18 ): Epipod seta present; Otherwise unchanged.

Maxilla ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 ): Coxal endite with 5+3 plumose setae; basial endite with 6+5 sparsely plumose setae; exopod (scaphognathite) margin with 9+6 plumose setae. Otherwise unchanged.

First maxilliped ( Fig. 20 View FIGURE 20 ): Endopod with 2,2,2 (now with a dorsal seta),2,5 (1 subterminal+4 terminal) setae; exopod, distal article with 8 long terminal plumose natatory setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Second maxilliped ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 ): Exopod, distal article with 8 terminal plumose natatory setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Third maxilliped: Absent.

Pereiopods: Absent.

Pleon ( Fig. 22 View FIGURE 22 A-C): Pleomere 1 with 1 or 2 medial setae. Pleomere 6 now differentiated. Otherwise unchanged.

Telson ( Fig. 22A, D View FIGURE 22 ): Posterior margin with 4 pairs of setae (4+4), additional inner pair of inner sometimes represented by a single seta (4+3). Otherwise unchanged.

Zoea IV ( Figs. 1D View FIGURE 1 , 23−32 View FIGURE 23 View FIGURE 24 View FIGURE 25 View FIGURE 26 View FIGURE 27 View FIGURE 28 View FIGURE 29 View FIGURE 30 View FIGURE 31 View FIGURE 32 )

Carapace ( Figs. 1D View FIGURE 1 , 23−24 View FIGURE 23 View FIGURE 24 ): Dorsal spine with 2 pairs of setae; now with 5 pairs of anterodorsal setae; lateral spine shorter in length than previous stage; 4 anterior plumose setae and 7¯8 posterior setae on ventral margin with additional serrations on each side; 3 pairs of setae on dorsoposterior margin. Otherwise unchanged.

Antennule ( Fig. 25A View FIGURE 25 ): Primary flagellum with 1 proximal and 1 distal subterminal aesthetasc and 3 long terminal aesthetascs and 1 short terminal seta. Otherwise unchanged.

Antenna ( Fig. 25B View FIGURE 25 ): Endopod now more developed (ca. 30% of whole appendage); exopod now more developed, ca. 40̄50%. Otherwise unchanged.

Mandible ( Fig. 26 View FIGURE 26 ): Well developed, molar now present.

Maxillule ( Fig. 27 View FIGURE 27 ): Coxa with 7 highly plumose and 1 simple setae, basial endite with 11 armed processes (marginal), 1 plumose and 1 short simple setae on inner margin of basal endite. Otherwise unchanged.

Maxilla ( Fig. 28 View FIGURE 28 ): Coxal endite bilobed with 7+3 plumose setae and 1 distal simple seta; basial endite with 8+8 sparsely unequal plumose setae; exopod (scaphognathite) margin with 18+7 highly plumose setae of various length. Otherwise unchanged.

First maxilliped ( Fig. 29 View FIGURE 29 ): Coxa with 1 seta; endopod with 2,3 (1 dorsal, 2 ventral setae),2,2,6 (2 subterminal (1 dorsal+1 ventral)+4 terminal) setae, variation of article 2 with occasionally only 2 (1 dorsal, 1 ventral) setae; exopod, distal article with 10 long terminal plumose natatory setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Second maxilliped ( Fig. 30 View FIGURE 30 ): Exopod, distal article with 10 terminal plumose natatory setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Third maxilliped ( Fig. 31A View FIGURE 31 ): Present; biramous; epipod present; endopod longer than exopod.

Pereiopods ( Fig. 31B View FIGURE 31 ): Present; bilobed cheliped; walking legs with some articulation.

Pleon ( Fig. 32 View FIGURE 32 A-D): Pleomere 1 with 5 medial setae; pleopods present on pleomeres 2¯6, uniramous, endopods absent. Otherwise unchanged.

Telson ( Fig. 32E View FIGURE 32 ): Posterior margin with 5 pairs setae; no variation recorded. Otherwise unchanged.

Zoea V ( Figs. 1E View FIGURE 1 , 33−42 View FIGURE 33 View FIGURE 34 View FIGURE 35 View FIGURE 36 View FIGURE 37 View FIGURE 38 View FIGURE 39 View FIGURE 40 View FIGURE 41 View FIGURE 42 )

Carapace ( Figs. 1E View FIGURE 1 , 33−34 View FIGURE 33 View FIGURE 34 ): Dorsal spine with 3 pairs of setae; lateral spine shorter than previous stage; now with 7 pairs of anterodorsal setae; 16¯17 plumose posterior setae on ventral margin with additional spines on each side. Otherwise unchanged.

Antennule ( Fig. 35A, B View FIGURE 35 ): Basal region shaped as convex with 2 simple setae; primary flagellum with 4 proximal subterminal long aesthetascs; 5 distal subterminal aesthetascs and 5 terminal aesthetascs + 1 simple seta; accessory flagellum present as small bud. Otherwise unchanged.

Antenna ( Fig. 35C, D View FIGURE 35 ): Protopod distally bilaterally spinulate; endopod now clearly discrete (ca. 60% of whole appendage), exopod more developed and occasionally with only 1 seta instead of 2. Otherwise unchanged.

Mandible ( Fig. 36 View FIGURE 36 ): Palp present, with additional incisor teeth. Otherwise unchanged

Maxillule ( Fig. 37 View FIGURE 37 ): 2 epipod setae; coxa with 3 tiers, 9 armed processes (marginal) setae+4 plumose setae+3 simple setae respectively; basial endite now with 16 armed processes (marginal) and 4 simple setae on inner margin. Otherwise unchanged.

Maxilla ( Fig. 38 View FIGURE 38 ): Coxal endite with 11+4 plumose setae; basial endite with 10+11 sparsely unequal plumose setae; exopod (scaphognathite) margin now with 32¯33 highly plumose setae of various length + 1 lateral seta. Otherwise unchanged.

First maxilliped ( Fig. 39 View FIGURE 39 ): Coxa with epipod lobe with either 3 setae or 3 setae and 1 small seta; basis with 10–12 (2+2+3+3 or 2+3+4+3 respectively) setae; endopod normally 2,3 (1 dorsal+2 ventral setae),2,2,6 (2 subterminal (1 dorsal+1 ventral)+4 terminal) setae, variation in article 1 with occasionally 1 seta; exopod, distal article with 12–13 long terminal plumose natatory setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Second maxilliped ( Fig. 40 View FIGURE 40 ): Endopod with either 0,1,6 (2 subterminal (1 dorsal+1 ventral)+4 terminal) or 0,1,7 (3 subterminal (1 dorsal+2 ventral)+4 terminal) sparsely plumose setae; exopod with 12–13 terminal plumose natatory setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Third maxilliped ( Fig. 41A View FIGURE 41 ): Endopod with articulation; 2 gills present (podobranch and arthrobranch).

Pereiopods ( Fig. 41B View FIGURE 41 ): Cheliped more distinct; some articulation; 3 developed gill buds (podobranchs or arthrobranchs?).

Pleon ( Figs. 41C View FIGURE 41 , 42A, C View FIGURE 42 ): Pleomere 1 with 7 medial setae of variable lengths; pleopods on pleomeres 2¯5 much more developed, biramous with endopod buds, pleopod (uropod) on somite 6 much smaller than on somites 2̄5 and endopod bud absent. Otherwise unchanged.

Telson ( Fig. 42 View FIGURE 42 ): Now with 5 pairs (4 long, 1 small) setae on posterior margin and 1 pair of dorsal medial setae; with 1 pair of medial setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Zoea VI ( Figs. 1F View FIGURE 1 , 43−52 View FIGURE 43 View FIGURE 44 View FIGURE 45 View FIGURE 46 View FIGURE 47 View FIGURE 48 View FIGURE 49 View FIGURE 50 View FIGURE 51 View FIGURE 52 )

Carapace ( Figs. 1F View FIGURE 1 , 43 View FIGURE 43 ): Dorsal spine with 4 pairs of setae; with 9 pairs of anterodorsal setae; 4¯5 pairs of setae on dorsoposterior margin. Otherwise unchanged.

Antennule ( Fig. 44 View FIGURE 44 ): 5 proximal subterminal aesthetascs; 5 distal subterminal aesthetascs and 6 terminal aesthetascs; accessory flagellum now more developed but without setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Antenna ( Fig. 45 View FIGURE 45 ): Endopod now with signs of articulation and clearly discrete (ca. 75% of whole appendage) with protuberances distally, endopod almost equal with protopod; exopod slightly longer than previous stage, ca. 60% of protopod with 1 distinct seta. Otherwise unchanged.

Mandible ( Fig. 46 View FIGURE 46 ): Palp more developed. Otherwise unchanged.

Maxillule ( Fig. 47 View FIGURE 47 ): 3 epipod setae; coxa with 3 tiers, 10 armed processes (marginal) setae + 4 plumose setae + 3 simple setae respectively. Otherwise unchanged.

Maxilla ( Fig. 48 View FIGURE 48 ): Coxal endite with 12+6 plumose setae; basial endite with 10+11 sparsely unequal plumose setae; exopod (scaphognathite) margin with 44 highly plumose setae of various length. Otherwise unchanged.

First maxilliped ( Fig. 49 View FIGURE 49 ): Coxa with 3 long setae 1 simple setae on developing epipodal bud, 1 epipod with podobranch gill; basis with 12 (2+2+4+1+3) setae; endopod article 2 with only 2 (1 dorsal+1 ventral) setae and no variation; exopod, distal article with 14 long terminal plumose natatory setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Second maxilliped ( Fig. 50 View FIGURE 50 ): Coxa developing epipodal bud present; exopod with 13 terminal plumose natatory setae. Otherwise unchanged.

Third maxilliped ( Fig. 51A View FIGURE 51 ): Endopod and exopod more developed. Otherwise unchanged.

Pereiopods ( Fig. 51B View FIGURE 51 ): More developed than previous stage and with four gill buds. Otherwise unchanged.

Pleon ( Fig. 51C View FIGURE 51 , 52 View FIGURE 52 A–C): Pleopods now more developed. Otherwise unchanged.