Synargis orestessa Hübner, [1819],

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Genomic analysis reveals new species and subspecies of butterflies, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 11 (6), pp. 1-63 : 25

Synargis orestessa Hübner, [1819] is a junior subjective synonym of Synargis soranus (Stoll, 1781) , and Synargis arche (Hewitson, 1865) is a valid species

Synargis orestessa Hübner, [1819] was proposed as a replacement name for Papilio orestes Cramer, 1780 (type locality in Suriname) preoccupied by Papilio orestes Meerburgh, 1777 (in Papilionidae ). Original illustrations (dorsal and ventral) ( Cramer 1775 –1780) of P. orestes and a possible syntype specimen in RMNH that agrees with the illustrations and would simultaneously be a syntype of the replacement name S. orestessa look more similar to the original illustrations of Synargis soranus (Stoll, 1781) (type locality in Suriname) and specimens referred to by the name “ soranus ,” than to specimens of the species currently referred to by the name “ orestessa .” Genomic analysis shows the presence of two species ( Fig. 22) that differ by 3.2% (21 bp) in their COI barcodes: females of one possess broader yellow-orange bands on the forewing, and of the other have narrower and whiter bands usually separated into spots, among other differences. For these reasons, we propose that Synargis orestessa Hübner, [1819] , stat. nov. is a junior subjective synonym of Synargis soranus (Stoll, 1781) . The oldest name for the species that was referred to by the name “ orestessa ” is Nymphidium arche Hewitson, 1865 (type locality in Brazil: Amazonas), and, hence, Synargis arche (Hewitson, 1865) is a valid species.