Grishin, Zhang & Cong & Shen & Song & Grishin, 2023

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Genomic analysis reveals new species and subspecies of butterflies, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 11 (6), pp. 1-63 : 25

Parapanara Grishin , new subgenus

http://zoobank.org/ F41BC3E1-EAB0-44E4-A4F3-E9C9F8D04775

Type species. Lyropteryx diadocis Stichel, 1910 .

Definition. As shown above, Lyropteryx diadocis Stichel, 1910 ( type locality in Brazil: Amazonas) belongs to the genus Paraphthonia Stichel, 1910 ( type species Monethe molione Godman, 1903 ) and not to Lyropteryx Westwood, 1851 ( type species Lyropteryx apollonia Westwood, 1851 ) ( Fig. 21). However, it is genetically differentiated from the type species of Paraphthonia at the subgenus level, e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 6.1% (40 bp). Therefore, we propose that the lineage with Paraphthonia diadocis represents a new subgenus. This subgenus differs from its relatives by a combination of the following characters: forewing vein R 2 originates at the anterior distal corner of the discal cell, the forewing with the orange-yellow band from mid-costa to near tornus, and the hindwing with metallic-green overscaling around veins in distal half. In DNA, a combination of the following characters is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: cne3461.1.26:A146G, cne3461.1.26:A1989G, cne6404.2.4:C87T, cne945.5.1:A342T, cne945.5.1: T352C, cne3615.3.2:A132A (not G), cne4618.3.1:C31C (not G), cne4618.3.1:C37C (not G), cne6843.7.6: G489G (not A), cne6843.7.6:T525T (not C) and in COI barcode: T100A, C284T, T286A, A352C, T355A, A604G.

Etymology. In its appearance, the type species of this subgenus resembles some species from the genus Panara E. Doubleday, 1847 ( type species Papilio jarbas Drury, 1782 ), and the prefix “para” means alongside, near, beyond, or similar to. The name is a feminine noun in the nominative singular.

Species included. Only the type species.

Parent taxon. Genus Paraphthonia Stichel, 1910 .