Pamphila milo W. H. Edwards, 1883

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Genomic analysis reveals new species and subspecies of butterflies, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 11 (6), pp. 1-63 : 44

Pamphila milo W. H. Edwards, 1883 is a junior subjective synonym of Ochlodes agricola verus (W. H. Edwards, 1881)

The holotype of Pamphila milo W. H. Edwards, 1883 was stated to be from “Mt. Hood, Oregon ”, and later from Thurston Co., Washington, where this species is not known to occur (Pelham 2008; Pelham 2023). Genomic analysis of the holotype (NVG-15036C12) places it within specimens of Ochlodes agricola verus (W. H. Edwards, 1881) (type locality USA: California, Kern Co., Havilah) from Kern Co., California that include the lectotype of the latter

(NVG-15096F09) (Fig. 46). Therefore, we propose that Pamphila milo W. H. Edwards, 1883 is a junior subjective synonym of Ochlodes agricola verus (W.

H. Edwards, 1881), and not of Ochlodes agricola nemorum (Boisduval, 1852) ( type locality in USA:

California, Plumas Co.) as currently treated. While sequencing of additional specimens of Ochlodes agricola (Boisduval, 1852) ( type locality in USA:

California, Marin Co.) for population analysis is needed for confident conclusions, our phylogenetic Fig. 46. The nuclear genome tree (autosomes) of Ochlodes analysis tentatively suggests that the type locality of agricola subspecies: O. a. agricola (blue), O. a. nemorum P. milo might have been in Kern Co., California, (green), and O. a. verus (violet, with its junior subjective synonym Pamphila milo in magenta).

possibly even “Havilah”, together with O. a. verus.