Phyllocoptes resovius, Druciarek & Lewandowski, 2016

Druciarek, T. & Lewandowski, M., 2016, A new species in the genus Phyllocoptes Nalepa (Eriophyidae) from greenhouse roses in Poland, Acarologia 56 (2), pp. 225-235 : 226-234

Family Eriophyidae Nalepa, 1898 Subfamily Phyllocoptinae Nalepa, 1891

Tribe Phyllocoptini Nalepa, 1892 Genus Phyllocoptes Nalepa, 1887 Phyllocoptes resovius n. sp. ( Figures 1 – 4 )

Diagnosis — Prodorsal shield pattern composed of incomplete median line located on rear part of the shield and complete admedians and submedians lines. Lines, especially median and admedians, covered with waxy secretions. Opisthosoma evenly rounded dorsally, with 53 – 67 dorsal annuli and strong triangular microtubercles, usually covered with waxy secretions. Microtubercles forming four rows through entire opisthosoma; two inner rows composed of large and two outer of small microtubercles; other microtubercles placed irregularly. Genital coverflap with 5 – 9 longitudinal ridges. Empodium 6-rayed.

Female ( Figures 1 and 2 ) holotype and 10 paratypes — Body fusiform, light amber in colour, 257 (165 – 277); width 67 (65 – 77).

Gnathosoma — 23 (23 – 26), curved downward, dorsal pedipalpal genual setae d 9 (8 – 10), setae ep 3 (3), pedipalp tarsal setae v 3 (2 – 3), cheliceral stylets 19 (17 – 22).

Prodorsal shield — 45 (42 – 48), 56 (53 – 60) wide, subtriangular with triangular frontal lobe, apically rounded, 7 (5 – 8) over the gnathosomal base. Shield pattern: median line only on rear part of shield; at about 2/3 length of shield the line is bifurcated and joined with admedian lines, forming V-shaped mark; at about 2/3 its length there are lines perpendicular or running slightly to the rear and joining with admedian lines. Admedian lines very weak, well seen only in their middle part. The lines are parallel from anterior margin of the shield to about 1/3 of its length, where they are joined by transverse line; from that place admedian lines gradually diverging to rear margin and joined with median lines in 2/3 and at the end of shield length. Submedian lines I slightly sinuate and gradually divergent from anterior margin of the shield to its rear margin. Submedian lines II curved, joined with submedian lines I at their 1/3 length. Median line, middle part of admedian lines and lines joining median and admedian lines strongly covered with waxy secretions. Scapular setae sc tubercles 4 (3 – 4), in the inner sides longitudinal, related to body axis and in outer sides a little bit diagonal, located ahead of rear shield margin, 24 (23 – 28) apart; sc 21 (18 – 22) directed upwards.

Legs — with all usual segments and setae present. Leg I 33 (31 – 34); femur 10 (9 – 10), basiventral femoral seta (bv) 16 (14 – 16), position of bv 4 (4 – 5); genu 5 (5 – 6), antaxial genual seta (l") 28 (24 – 29), position of l" 3 (3 – 4); tibia 9 (7 – 9), paraxial tibial seta (l’) 9 (9 – 11), position of l’ 3 (3); tarsus 8 (7 – 8), antaxial fastigial tarsal seta (ft") 26 (23 – 27), paraxial fastigial tarsal seta (ft’) 24 (21 – 26), paraxial unguinal tarsal seta (u’) 8 (7 – 8); tarsal solenidion (ω) 9 (8 – 9); empodium simple 7 (6 – 7), bilaterally symmetrical, with 6 (6) paired rays. Leg II 30 (29 – 32); femur 10 (9 – 10), bv 16 (13 – 17), position of bv 5 (4 – 5); genu 4 (4 – 5), l" 11 (10 – 12), position of l" 3 (3 – 4); tibia 6 (5 – 6); tarsus 8 (7 – 8), ft" 26 (23 – 27), ft’ 10 (7 – 10), u’ 7 (6 – 8); solenidion ω 9 (9 – 10); empodium simple 7 (6 – 7), bilaterally symmetrical, with 6 (6) paired rays.

Coxisternal plates with short lines and granules — Anterolateral setae on coxisternum I (1b) 10 (8 – 12), 15 (12 – 16) apart; proximal setae on coxisternum I (1a) 30 (22 – 32), 9 (8 – 11) apart; proximal setae on coxisternum II (2a) 51 (45 – 53), 28 (24 – 30) apart; distance between setae 1b and 1a 9 (8 – 10), distance between setae 1a and 2a 11 (8 – 11). Prosternal apodeme 6 (6 – 7).

External genitalia — 12 (12 – 16), 22 (21 – 25) wide, genital coverflap with 7 (5 – 9) longitudinal ridges; proximal setae on coxisternum III (3a) 61 (54 – 69), 17 (15 – 18) apart.

Opisthosoma — with 57 (53 – 57) dorsal and 68 (61 – 71) ventral annuli, 13 (10 – 13) coxogenital annuli. Dorsal annuli with triangular microtubercles usually covered with waxy secretions, placed on rear annuli margin. Microtubercles forming four rows through entire opisthosoma; two inner rows composed of large and two outer of small microtubercles; other microtubercles placed irregularly. Ventral annuli with microtubercles rounded and pointed, on posterior annuli microtubercles elongated, placed near rear annular margin. Setae: c2 32 (28 – 35), 63 (55 – 72) apart, on 10th (10 – 12) ventral annulus; d 64 (60 – 69), 35 (31 – 45) apart, on 22nd (21 – 25) ventral annulus; e 54 (53 – 61), 18 (16 – 22) apart, on 41st (37 – 42) ventral annulus; f 30 (27 – 32), 24 (23 – 26) apart, on 63rd (57 – 66) ventral annulus, 6th (5 – 6) annulus from rear. Setae h1 6 (5 – 6), 5 (5 – 6) apart; setae h2 75 (69 – 77), 9 (9 – 11) apart; distance between h1 and h2 3 (3).

Male ( Figure 2 ) (range of 7 specimens) — Body fusiform, 165 – 218; width 52 – 70.

Gnathosoma — 21 – 25, curved downward, setae d 7 – 9, setae ep 2 – 3, setae v 2, cheliceral stylets 16 – 17.

Prodorsal shield — subtriangular, 41 – 44, 46 – 56 wide, with frontal lobe 4 – 7 over the gnathosomal base and pattern similar to that of female, also covered with waxy secretions. Tubercles sc 3 – 4, located ahead of rear shield margin, similar to that of female, 21 – 26 apart; setae sc 14 – 19.

Legs — with all usual segments and setae present. Leg I 28 – 32; femur 9 – 10, seta bv 13 – 17, position of bv 4; genu 5 – 6, seta l" 21 – 27, position of l" 2 – 3; tibia 7 – 8, seta l’ 7 – 9, position of l’ 3; tarsus 6 – 7, setae: ft" 22 – 24, ft’ 21 – 24, u’ 6 – 7; solenidion ω 8 – 9; empodium simple 5 – 7, bilaterally symmetrical, with 5 paired rays. Leg II 26 – 30; femur 9 – 10, seta bv 13 – 15, position of bv 4 – 5; genu 4, seta l" 9 – 12, position of l" 2 – 3; tibia 5 – 6; tarsus 7 – 8, setae: ft" 20 – 26, ft’ 7 – 9, u’ 6 – 7; solenidion ω 8 – 10; empodium simple 5 – 7, bilaterally symmetrical, with 5 paired rays.

Coxisternal plates with short lines and granules — Setae 1b 8 – 9, 12 – 14 apart; setae 1a 24 – 30, 8 – 10 apart; setae 2a 40 – 44, 22 – 27 apart; distance between setae 1b and 1a 8 – 9, distance between setae 1a and 2a 8 – 10. Prosternal apodeme 5 – 6.

External genitalia — 14 – 16, 18 – 21 wide, surface below eugenital setae with granules; setae 3a 50 – 56, 15 – 18 apart.

Opisthosoma — with 51 – 55 dorsal annuli, with shape and microtuberclation similar to that of female, also covered with waxy secretions; 56 – 67 ventral annuli and 10 – 12 coxogenital annuli. Setae: c2 25 – 31, 48 – 61 apart, on 8 – 12th ventral annulus; d 54 – 67, 31 – 37 apart, on 18 – 24th ventral annulus; e 49 – 55, 17 – 19 apart, on 32 – 39th ventral annulus; f 26 – 30, 21 – 24 apart, on 52 – 62nd ventral annulus, 5 – 6th annulus from rear. Setae h1 4 – 5, 4 – 5 apart; setae h2 54 – 71, 8 – 10 apart; distance between h1 and h2 2 – 3.

Nymph (range of 5 specimens) — Body fusiform without waxy secretions, 141 – 191; width 45 – 56.

Gnathosoma — 21 – 23, curved downward, setae d 5 – 6, setae ep 2 – 3, setae v 1 – 2, cheliceral stylets 13 – 15.

Prodorsal shield — subtriangular, 32 – 41, 37 – 41 wide, frontal lobe 3 – 4 over the gnathosomal base with pattern similar to that of female. Tubercles sc 2 – 3, ahead of rear shield margin, 17 – 20 apart; setae sc 11 – 15.

Legs — with all usual segments and setae present. Leg I 19 – 24; femur 6 – 7, seta bv 8 – 10, position of bv 3 – 4; genu 4, seta l" 14 – 15, position of l" 2 – 3; tibia 4 – 5, seta l’ 5 – 6, position of l’ 2; tarsus 4 – 6, setae: ft" 14 – 17, ft’ 10 – 12, u’ 4 – 5; solenidion ω 6 – 7; empodium simple 3 – 4 with 4 – 5 paired rays. Leg II 17 – 22; femur 6 – 7, seta bv 7 – 11, position of bv 3; genu 3 – 4, seta l" 5 – 7, position of l" 2 – 3; tibia 3 – 4; tarsus 4 – 6, setae: ft" 14 – 17, ft’ 5 – 6, u’ 3 – 4; solenidion ω 6 – 7; empodium simple 3 – 4 with 4 paired rays.

Coxisternal plates with granules — Setae 1b 5 – 6, 10 – 12 apart; setae 1a 11 – 16, 7 – 10 apart; setae 2a 28 – 34, 20 – 26 apart; distance between setae 1b and 1a 8 – 10, distance between setae 1a and 2a 7 – 9. Setae 3a 29 – 37, 8 – 11 apart.

Opisthosoma — with 46 – 50 dorsal annuli with elongated microtubercles placed on rear margin of annuli and randomly distributed along annuli, 41 – 46 ventral annuli with rounded microtubercles, elongated on the posterior annuli, 4 – 7 coxogenital annuli. Setae: c2 17 – 21, 40 – 50 apart, on 7 – 8th ventral annulus; d 35 – 42, 22 – 31 apart, on 15 – 17th ventral annulus; e 35 – 38, 12 – 18 apart, on 24 – 27th ventral annulus; f 18 – 21, 17 – 21 apart, on 37 – 42nd ventral annulus, 5 – 6th annulus from rear. Setae h1 3 – 4, 4 apart; setae h2 44 – 47, 7 – 8 apart; distance between h1 and h2 2 – 3.

Larva (range of 5 specimens) — Body fusiform without waxy secretions, 122 – 133; width 41 – 44.

Gnathosoma — 17 – 19, curved downward, setae d 4, setae ep 2, setae v 1 – 2, cheliceral stylets 12 – 13.

Prodorsal shield — subtriangular, 28 – 31, 29 – 33 wide, with frontal lobe 1 – 2 over the gnathosomal base. Shield pattern: median line absent; admedian lines entire, somewhat sinuate; submedian lines I on the anterior half of shield only; submedian lines II absent. Tubercles sc 1 – 2, ahead of rear shield margin, 14 – 18 apart; setae sc 10 – 11.

Legs — with all usual segments and setae present. Leg I 16 – 17; femur 5 – 6, seta bv 5 – 7, position of bv 3; genu 3, seta l" 11 – 13, position of l" 2; tibia 3 – 4, seta l’ 4, position of l’ 2; tarsus 3 – 4, setae: ft" 12 – 14, ft’ 11 – 12, u’ 3 – 4; solenidion ω 5 – 6; empodium simple 4 with 4 paired rays. Leg II 15 – 16; femur 5 – 6, seta bv 6 – 7, position of bv 3; genu 2 – 3, seta l" 5 – 6, position of l" 2; tibia 2 – 3; tarsus 4 – 5, setae: ft" 13 – 14, ft’ 6, u’ 3 – 4; solenidion ω 5 – 6; empodium simple 3 – 4 with 4 paired rays.

Coxisternal plates smooth — Setae 1b 4 – 5, 9 apart; setae 1a 10 – 13, 6 – 7 apart; setae 2a 17 – 25, 19 – 21 apart; distance between setae 1b and 1a 7, distance between setae 1a and 2a 6 – 8. Setae 3a 14 – 19, 7 – 8 apart.

Opisthosoma — with 37 – 41 dorsal and 29 – 31 ventral annuli; microtubercles triangular placed near rear annular margin, elongated on the posterior annuli, 4 coxogenital annuli. Setae: c2 14 – 16, 36 – 40 apart, on 5 – 6th ventral annulus; d 30 – 34, 21 – 25 apart, on 11th ventral annulus; e 25 – 31, 12 – 14 apart, on 17th ventral annulus; f 15 – 19, 16 apart, on 26 – 28th ventral annulus, 4th annulus from rear. Setae h1 3, 3 – 4 apart; setae h2 26 – 38, 6 – 7 apart; distance between h1 and h2 2.

Type material — Holotype female collected from Rosa hybrida L. ’ Whisky Mac’ ( Rosen Tantau , Germany) in a greenhouse rose production near Rzeszów (49°59’N 21°57’E), Mazovian voivodeship, Poland, on 16 March 2015 by T. Druciarek . Paratypes: 10 females, 7 males, 5 nymphs, and 5 larvae with the same data as holotype .

Relation to the host plant — Vagrants, mainly on the lower leaf surfaces, as well as on stems and petals, causing malformation and stunted plant growth.

Etymology — The specific name is derived from the Latin name of city Rzeszów – Resovia, close to where the mites were found.

Remarks — Phyllocoptes resovius n. sp. is similar to other Phyllocoptes species ( P. adalius , P. chorites Keifer, 1972 , P. fructiphilus , P. linegranulatus ( Styer, 1974)) inhabiting rose plants ( Keifer 1939b, 1940, 1972, Styer 1974). However it can be easily distinguished from the other by composition of microtubercles located on dorsal opisthosoma and waxy secretions. In P. resovius n. sp. microtubercles form four rows through entire opisthosoma, two inner rows are composed of large and two outer of small microtubercles, other microtubercles are placed randomly. In other Phyllocoptes species from rose microtubercles are of small size only, placed randomly on entire opisthosoma and there are no rows or waxy secretions. The most important diagnostic characters of Phyllocoptes species from Rosa sp. are presented in Table 1.

Phyllocoptes resovius n. sp. is most similar (in ornamentation of prodorsal shield, numbers of ray on empodium, size and external genitalia and number of ridges on coverflap, shape of microtubercles, as well as most of other diagnostic characters) to P. adalius , which is a common eriophyoid pest species in greenhouse rose production ( Druciarek et al. 2014, Druciarek et al. 2016). However P. resovius n. sp., aside from composition of microtubercles located on dorsal opisthosoma and waxy secretions covering microtubercles and prodorsal shield, can be distinguished from P. adalius by the length of setae d and e. Values of characters mentioned above are higher for P. resovius ( Table 1). We have observed that both species cause similar injuries on infested rose plants under greenhouse conditions. Damages range from initial simple mosaicred discoloration and deformation of leaves, to a severe delayed bud development and stunting of the whole plant. The initial symptoms of leaf discoloration and malformation are especially evident on newly developed leaves that may already harbor hundreds of mites ( Figure 5 ).

P. resovius n. sp. is the second species with waxy secretions found on rose, after Callyntrotus schlechtendali (Nalepa, 1894) , redescribed by Keifer (1939a). However, sculpture of prodorsal shield, shape of microtubercles, opisthosomal rows and waxy secretions, as well as plenty of other morphometric characters (see Table 1) clearly differentiate C. schlechtendali from the new species.

Acknowledgments We thank Dr MA Sales (University of Arkansas, USA) for thoughtful review and linguistic corrections. The study was supported by the Faculty of Biotechnology, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland.

Figures

FIGURE 1: Phyllocoptes resovius n. sp. female: D – dorsal habitus; L1, L2 – legs; immature: DL – dorsal larva; DN – dorsal nymph..

FIGURE 2: Phyllocoptes resovius n. sp. female: LO – lateral opisthosoma; CG – coxo-genital region; em – empodium (enlarged); PL – postero-lateral habitus; IG – internal genitalia (enlarged); male: GM – genital region.

FIGURE 3: SEM photograph of Phyllocoptes resovius n. sp. – dorsal view.

FIGURE 4: SEM photograph of Phyllocoptes resovius n. sp. – prodorsal shield and anterior opisthosoma.

FIGURE 5: Symptoms caused by Phyllocoptes resovius n. sp., on Rosa hybrida ’Whisky Mac’ under greenhouse conditions: A – mosaic-red discolorations of young leaves; B – deformation and discoloration of newly developed shoot; C – deformation of fully developed leaf.