Thrasychiroides toryba, Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, Bragagnolo, Cibele & Tourinho, Ana Lúcia, 2014

Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, Bragagnolo, Cibele & Tourinho, Ana Lúcia, 2014, Three new species of Thrasychiroides Soares & Soares, 1947 from Brazilian Mountains (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae), Zootaxa 3869 (4), pp. 469-482 : 474-475

Thrasychiroides toryba sp. nov.

( Fig.1 C–D; 3A–C; 5G–I; 6E–F)

Type material. Holotype: ♂ from CPCN Pró-Mata (29º28'21"S, 50º09'25"W), São Francisco de Paula, 920 m. a.s.l., State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 25.X.2000, Ricardo Ott leg. (MCN 2065). Paratypes: same data as holotype, 2 ♂ (MCN 2066; 2067); 920 m. a.s.l., 2 ♀ (MCN 2068; 2069); ♂, 920 m. a.s.l. ( MZSP 56031); ♀ ( MZSP 56032); 870 m. a.s.l., ♂ ( MCTP 419).

Etymology. Toryba is from the Brazilian Indian Tupy language that means “happy”, a feeling the three authors shared for the chance to be united working with such a beautiful group or harvestmen.

Diagnosis. Ocularium dark brown with darker contours surrounding the eyes, dorsally with more than 20 small setae. Pedipalpal claws with 15 teeth. Chelicerae massive, second segment very inflated and with few scattered setae. Penis ( Fig. 5 G–I), with posterior half of glans three times larger than the anterior, shoulders much shorter than base of glans with acuminate laterals forming spines with rounded apex, a pair of short acuminate and bifid dorso-lateral setae on widest part of glans. Ventral arms slender at basal half, widening subdistally and almost reaching the distal pair of spines on glans, distal region with subapical branch falciform and shorter and distal branch with serrate apex. Apex of stylus with spine almost straight and directed to penis base ( Fig. 6 E–F).

Description of male (holotype). Measurements: body length: 3.01; prosoma length: 1.08; prosoma width: 2.24; chelicerae: segment I length: 1.52, segment II: 2.68.

Coloration ( Fig. 3 A–C). General color chestnut with stripes and maculations white and cream-colored, lateral third of carapace chestnut, median third cream-colored, ocularium chestnuts with a darkish contour surrounding the eyes. Dorsal scutum with white and chestnut paired lateral maculations, median third chestnut with several rounded white maculations on median portion. Basal segment of chelicerae cream with large dorsal chestnut maculation lined along its extension, other segments chestnut. Pedipalps, legs cream-colored with a few chestnut maculations. Coxae and genital operculum cream with darker apical chestnuts maculations. Venter cream colored.

Body and appendages ( Figs 1 C–D; 3A–C). Ocularium with more than 20 small setae distributed dorsally. Small setae spread on dorsal and ventral surface, including legs, genital operculum, coxae, pedipalps and chelicerae. Pedipalpal claws with 15 teeth (increasing in size to the apex), pedipalp tuft with apical setae on the inner face of femora, patella and tibia with a dorsal and a lateral line lacking setae; anterior margin of patella without setae, trochanters with basal apophysis, coxae with a large basal conspicuous apophysis. Massive chelicerae, second segment very inflated and covered with few setae, each finger with many small teeth.

Penis ( Fig. 5 G–I). Posterior with posterior half of glans three times larger than the anterior, base concave, shoulders much shorter than base of glans with acuminate laterals forming spines with rounded apex, a pair of dorso-lateral acuminate and bifid setae on widest part of glans. Ventral arms slender at basal half and wider subdistally and almost reaching the distal pair of spines on glans. Distal region of arms with subapical branch falciform and shorter, distal branch with serrate apex. Apex of stylus with spine almost straight and directed to penis base ( Fig. 6 E–F).

Description of female (paratype). Measurements: body length: 4.36; prosoma length: 1.16; prosoma width: 2.12; chelicerae: segment I length: 0.76, segment II: 1.56.

All characters as in the male except for the following characters: Body larger than male, chelicerae not expanded or massive. Ovipositor with two seminal receptacles.

Biotope. All specimens were collected at "Centro de Pesquisas e Conservação da Natureza Pró-Mata", Potreiro Velho, São Francisco de Paula, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (29º28'21"S, 50º09'25"W, 870– 920 m.a.s.l.). The area is characterized mainly by mixed ombrophilous forest (known as Brazilian pine forests, "Floresta de Araucária " or Araucaria Forest , whose most conspicuous element is Araucaria angustifolia ) or within the domain of Atlantic Rain Forest. Detailed descriptions of the area are provided in Bertoletti & Teixeira (1997) and Indicatti et al. (2008). Six localities, in three distinct forest habitats, under different degrees of anthropic influence, were chosen for this study: two Araucaria angustifolia primary forests, two secondary forests and two pine ( Pinus spp.) silvicultures. In each locality, 10 pitfall traps with 10 cm diameter openings (filled with a 4% formalin solution) were placed from 22.IX.2000 to 18.V.2002 (see Indicatti et al. 2008). Only eight individuals were obtained in the three habitats, which indicates that species may possibly be rare or may be possibly better sampled using other methods than pitfall trapping.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Dorsal and lateral views of the holotypes of the new Thrasychiroides species. A – B. T. moporanga sp. nov., dorsal and lateral view, respectively; C – D. T. toryba sp. nov., dorsal and lateral view, respectively; E – F. T. ybytyra sp. nov., dorsal and lateral view, respectively. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3. Photographs of the male holotype of Thrasychiroides toryba sp. nov. A. dorsal view; B. lateral view; C. chelicera and pedipalp details. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Penes of Thrasychiroides species. A – C. T. brasilicus, A. dorsal view; B. lateral view; C. ventral view. D – F. T. moporanga sp. nov., D. dorsal view; E. lateral view; F. ventral view. G – I. T. toryba sp. nov., G. dorsal view; H. lateral view; I. ventral view. J – L. T. ybytyra sp. nov., J. dorsal view; K. lateral view; L. ventral view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm. Labels. 1 = stylus; 2 = glans; 3 = arms; 4 = shaft; 5 = spine on shoulder.

FIGURE 6. Tips of penial glans of the holotypes of Thrasychiroides species. A – B. T. brasilicus.. C – D. T. moporanga sp. nov. E – F. T. toryba sp. nov. G – H. T. ybytyra sp. nov. Upper row: ventral view; Bottom row: dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.