Coecobrya tenebricosa (Folsom, 1902)

Zhang, Feng, Deharveng, Louis & Chen, Jian-Xiu, 2009, New species and rediagnosis of Coecobrya (Collembola: Entomobryidae), with a key to the species of the genus, Journal of Natural History 43 (41 - 42), pp. 2597-2615 : 2611-2615

Coecobrya tenebricosa (Folsom, 1902)

( Figure 6 )

Sinella ciliata Denis, 1932 ( Switzerland, Berne) syn. nov.

Type locality

Washington D.C., United States, in graves .

Material examined

Two females on slide, Spain, Mallorca, Valgornera cave, Sandra Iepure leg. (sample BAL07–01); two females on slide, Italy, S. Martino B. A., Pozzo 1 Ca del Bue , Averani leg. (sample ITA –146) ; three females on slide, France, Indre, Chateauroux, in a well (sample 36–001). Deposited in MNHN .

Additions to the redescription of Chen and Christiansen (1997)

Lateral process of labial palp straight, as thick as normal chaetae, with tip reaching beyond apex of labial papilla; four chaetae associated with the same papilla ( Figure 6A ). Dorsal macrochaetae shown in Figure 6B–E . Th. II with three (m1, m2, m2i) mediomedian, two (m4, m4p) medio-lateral, about 18 posterior macrochaetae and three lateral S-chaetae; p4 and p4i as macrochaetae. Th. III with 27 macrochaetae and two S-chaetae; m1 as macrochaeta; p5, m5i and a6i absent; m6e as macrochaeta and m6p as mesochaeta. Abd. I with six macrochaetae centrally (sometimes five when a5i absent) and two S-chaetae laterally. Abd. II with three central (m3, m3e, m3ep), one lateral (m5) macrochaetae and two S-chaetae. Abd. III with one central (m3), two lateral (am6, pm6) macrochaetae, and two S-chaetae. Abd. IV with four central (A3, A6, B4–5), three lateral (E2–4) macrochaetae and about 14 S-chaetae; D3is a mesochaeta. Abd. V with three S-chaetae.

Ecology

Coecobrya tenebricosa is the most widespread species of the genus in the world. It is however rare in Europe, and all the specimens we identified came from caves and were females. It has also not yet been found in the wild, not even in caves, from our samples of southeast Asia.

Remarks

As a widespread species distributed in America, Europe and Asia, C. tenebricosa was falsely identified as Sinella caeca (Schött, 1896) for a long time (Chen and Christiansen 1997). Chen and Christiansen (1997) re-examined the above two species and reconfirmed their independent status. Coecobrya tenebricosa has an S-chaetotaxy similar to that of other species of the genus, except that the long S-chaeta of Th. II is internal to the short one, which is reversed in the other examined species. It is close to Coecobrya magyari according to Chen et al. (2002) who made a detailed comparison of the two species.

The re-examination of the types of Sinella ciliata Denis, 1932 indicated its status of synonymy with C. tenebricosa .

Key to the world species of Coecobrya

( Coecobrya arcuata (Yosii, 1955) is not included because of inadequate information; the asterisks indicate only or mostly cave habitat.)

1. Eyes 2 + 2.................... C. tetrophthalma (Denis, 1948), Vietnam Eyes at most 1 + 1 ............................................. 2

2. Eyes 1+1..................................................... 3 Eyes absent................................................... 5

3. Abd. IV with 7 + 7 central macrochaetae. Abd. I with 6 + 6 central macrochaetae..... C. indonesiensis * Chen and Deharveng, 1997, Indonesia Abd. IV with 6 + 6 central macrochaetae ........................... 4

4. Abd. I with 4 + 4 central macrochaetae.... C. tukmeas sp. nov., Cambodia Abd. I with 6 + 6 central macrochaetae... C. boneti (Denis, 1948), Vietnam

5. Mucronal basal spine very short, not reaching the apex of apical tooth.......................................... C. caeca (Schött, 1896), USA Mucronal basal spine long reaching at least near apex of apical tooth.... 6

6. Unguis with two unpaired inner distal teeth......................... 7 Unguis with at most one unpaired inner distal teeth.................. 8

7. Tenent hairs pointed.................. C. montana (Imms, 1912), India Tenent hairs clavate............ C. submontana (Stach 1960), Afghanistan

8. Manubrium with dorsal smooth chaetae............................ 9 Manubrium without dorsal smooth chaetae........................ 27

9. Unguis without unpaired inner distal tooth........................ 10 Unguis with unpaired inner distal tooth........................... 11

10. Dental smooth part about 0.7 times as long as mucro ..................................................... C. ishikawai * Yosii, 1956, Japan Dental smooth part about 1.5 times as long as mucro...................................................... C. maritima Park, 2004, Korea

11. Outer tooth on unguiculus twice as broad as unguiculus itself.......................................... C. papuana * Yosii, 1971, New Guinea Outer tooth on unguiculus at most slightly broader than unguiculus itself ... 12

12. Antennae more than five times as long as the cephalic diagonal.............................. C. nupa * Christiansen and Bellinger, 1992, Hawaii Antennae less than three times as long as the cephalic diagonal ........ 13

13. Tibiotarsus with rows of “smooth” inner differentiated chaetae (i.e. with ciliations closely appressed to axis)............................... 14 Tibiotarsus without rows of “smooth” inner differentiated chaetae..... 18

14. Abd. IV with 4 + 4 central macrochaetae.......................... 15 Abd. IV with more than 4 + 4 central macrochaetae................. 16

15. Abd. III with 3 + 3 lateral macrochaetae... C. tibiotarsalis Yosii, 1964, Japan Abd. III with 2 + 2 lateral macrochaetae....................................................... C. tenebricosa * (Folsom, 1902), worldwide

16. Abd. III with 1 + 1 central macrochaetae. C. hoefti (Schäffer, 1896), Germany Abd. III with 2 + 2 central macrochaetae.......................... 17 17. Th. II with three medio-median and two medio-lateral macrochaetae................... C. magyari Chen, Wang and Christiansen, 2002, Hungary Th. II with two medio-median and three medio-lateral macrochaetae............................................ C. lanna sp. nov., Thailand

18. Unguis elongate, with unpaired inner distal tooth basal, at less than 20% from the base of the claw............. C. akiyoshiana * Yosii, 1956, Japan Unguis with unpaired inner distal tooth at more than 25% from the base of the claw ..................................................... 19

19. Abd. II with 4 + 4 central macrochaetae................................................. C. kukae * Christiansen and Bellinger, 1992, Hawaii Abd. II with at most 3 + 3 central macrochaetae.................... 20

20. Abd. II with 2 + 2 central macrochaetae........................................................... C. similis Deharveng, 1990, Thailand Abd. II with 3 + 3 central macrochaetae........................... 21

21. Abd. I with 4 + 4 central macrochaetae........................... 22 Abd. I with 5 + 5 central macrochaetae........................... 23

22. Abd. IV with less than 4 + 4 central macrochaetae.......................................... C. lua * Christiansen and Bellinger, 1992, Hawaii Abd. IV with 6(7)+6(7) central macrochaetae........................................................... C. aokii (Yoshii, 1995), Vanuatu

23. Unguis with inner paired teeth at less than 25% from the base of the claw................................ C. spinidentata * (Yosii, 1942), Japan Unguis with inner paired teeth at more than 35% from the base of the claw .................................................... 24

24. Abd. IV with 5 + 5 central macrochaetae.... C. dubiosa * Yosii, 1956, Japan Abd. IV with at most 4 + 4 central macrochaetae ................... 25

25. Abd. IV with 3 + 3 central macrochaetae................................................. C. oligoseta Chen and Christiansen, 1997, China Abd. IV with 4 + 4 central macrochaetae.......................... 26

26. Th. II with p 4 microchaeta and p 4 i absent...................................................... C. guanophila * Deharveng, 1990, Thailand Th. II with p4 and p4i macrochaeta.................................................... C.borerae Christiansen and Bellinger, 1992, Hawaii

27. Abd. III with 1 + 1 central macrochaetae.......................... 28 Abd. III with 2 + 2 central macrochaetae.......................... 30

28. Abd. IV with 7 + 7 central macrochaetae................................................. C. communis Chen and Christiansen, 1997, China Abd. IV with less than 6 + 6 central macrochaetae.................. 29

29. Abd. IV with 5 + 5 central macrochaetae............................................. C. tropicalis Qu, Chen and Greenslade, 2007, Australia Abd. IV with 3 + 3 central macrochaetae........................................................ C. edenticulata * (Handschin, 1926), Java

30. Abd. IV with 5 + 5 central macrochaetae.................................................... C. huangi Chen and Christiansen, 1997, Tibet Abd. IV with at least 7 + 7 central macrochaetae.................... 31

31. Abd. IV with 7 + 7 central macrochaetae................................................. C. liui Wang, Chen and Christiansen, 2002, China Abd. IV with at least 8 + 8 central macrochaetae............................................ C. tibetensis Chen and Christiansen, 1997, Tibet

Figures

Figure 6. Coecobrya tenebricosa (Folsom, 1902). (A) Lateral process of labial palp; (B–E) dorsal chaetotaxy: (B) Th. II–III; (C) Abd. I–III; (D) Abd. IV; (E) Abd. V.