Hemibagrus macropterus Bleeker, 1870

Ng, Heok Hee & Kottelat, Maurice, 2013, Revision Of The Asian Catfish Genus Hemibagrus Bleeker, 1862 (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Bagridae), Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (1), pp. 205-291 : 219-221

Hemibagrus macropterus Bleeker, 1870

( Fig. 9 )

Hemibagrus macropterus Bleeker, 1870: 257 , Pl. (bottom Fig.) (type locality: Yangtze River, China); 1873: 125; Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874: 6; Nichols, 1928: 8; 1943: 50, Pl. III Fig. 2 ; Wu, 1930a: 80; 1939: 139; Tchang & Shih, 1934: 345; Chang, 1944: 57; Anonymous, 1976: 169, Fig. 139; Chen, 1984: 411, Fig. 279; Xu, 1989: 171, Fig. 137; Mo, 1991: 132; Ferraris, 2007: 89.

Macrones macropterus - Günther, 1888: 430.

Macrones (Pseudobagrus) macropterus - Kreyenberg & Pappenheim, 1908: 107.

Pseudobagrus macropterus - Fowler, 1924: 400.

Aoria chinensis (non Steindachner, 1883) - Rendahl, 1933: 88, 116.

Aoria macroptera - Rendahl, 1928: 163; 1933: 115; Wu, 1930b: 51; Herre & Lin, 1936: 23.

Aoria amemiyai Kimura, 1934: 166 , Pl. 5 Fig. 2 (type locality: Howchwan, Szechuan, China; spelt as M. amemiyae on pg. 166); Kottelat et al., 1998: 570 (first revisers in choice of spelling); Ferraris, 2007: 91 (treated as species inquirenda).

Hemibargus macropterus [sic] - Shih, 1935: 10.

Leiocassis macropterus - Tchang, 1949: 7.

Mystus (Mystus) amemiyae - Jayaram, 1966: 446.

Mystus elongatus (non Günther, 1864) - Yue, 1981: 189, Fig. 154.

Mystus macropterus - Chen et al., 1986: 74, 84; Fang, 1987: 189, Fig. 143; Ze, 1989: 252, Fig. 165; Zheng, 1989: 286, Fig. 220; Chen et al., 1990: 168, Fig. 155; Gao, 1990: 313, Fig. 189; Li, 1994: 468, Fig. 365; Cao et al., 1996: 114; Yang, 1998: 289, Fig. 209; Zheng & Dai, 1999: 71, Fig. 35 ; Jayaram & Sanyal, 2003: 69; Zhu, 2005: 206, Fig. 78; Yang & Zhang, 2006: 417, Fig. II-239, Pl. XII Fig. 112; Zhuang et al., 2006: 118, Fig. 3-37 .

Mystus amemiyae - Jayaram & Sanyal, 2003: 32.

Material examined. — CHINA: MNHN 5095 , holotype, 152.9 mm SL ; MNHN 5941 , 1 ex., 143.6 mm SL ; MNHN 1995-1093 , 1 ex., 93.8 mm SL, Yangtze River ; USNM 130185 , 3 ex., 113.8–176.4 mm SL ; MCZ 23726, 1 ex., 226.7 mm SL, China ; USNM 86475 , 1 ex., 256.0 mm SL, Nanjing ; BMNH 1928.6.22:8, 1 ex., 160.0 mm SL ; CAS 132472 , 16 ex., 37.5–74.0 mm SL, Zhejiang province , Qiantang River ; FMNH 43794 , 2 ex., 153.0– 176.3 mm SL, Zhejiang province , Luqiaozhen; BMNH 1886.1.15:4, 1 ex., 137.7 mm SL, mountain stream flowing into Yichang gorge, Yangtze River ; MNHN 7889 , 1 ex., 133.9 mm SL, Sichuan province ; BMNH 1891.6.13:22, 1 ex., 80.7 mm SL, Kia-tiang-fu, 326 m (foot of Emei Shan , Sichuan province) ; NRM 10167 (3), 129.3–139.7 mm SL, Jialing (Yangtze) River ; FMNH 43568 , 3 ex., 166.5–223.0 mm SL ; FMNH 43570 , 2 ex., 180.4–202.4 mm SL ; FMNH 43572 , 1 ex., 195.1 mm SL, Sichuan province , Leshan fish market; UMMZ 158517 , 1 ex., 165.5 mm SL, Sichuan province , Chengdu or Leshan .; USNM 86862 , 1 ex., 247.0 mm SL ; USNM 87437 , 2 ex., 220.3–283.0 mm SL, Sichuan province , Suifu; USNM 130076 , 8 ex., 147.6–208.7 mm SL ; AMNH 10261 , 5 ex., 55.8–162.5 mm SL ; FMNH 14839 , 1 ex., 165.5 mm SL, Hunan province , Dongting Lake ; ZRC 43359, 1 ex., 190.0 mm SL, Fujian province , Changning; ZRC 42560 (1), 363 mm SL ; ZRC 45662, 13 ex., 236.0– 374 mm SL, Guangdong province , Beijiang.

diameter (vs. grey or light yellowish body with larger black spots at least one quarter eye diameter). It also possesses more vertebrae than H. guttatus (56–61 vs. 51–53).

Description. — Biometric and meristic data as in Table 5. General description as for genus. Head depressed and broad, body moderately compressed. Dorsal profile rising evenly but not steeply from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin, then sloping gently ventrally from there to end of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile horizontal to origin of anal fin, then sloping dorsally to end of caudal peduncle. Adipose-fin base very long, spanning almost all of postdorsal distance, about 3.0 times length of anal-fin base, partially confluent with principal rays of caudal fin; origin in contact with base of posteriormost dorsal-fin ray in some individuals. Dorsal spine stout, with 0–4 serrations on posterior edge. Pectoral spine stout, with 12–14 large serrations on posterior edge, extending to vertical through base of dorsal spine. Anal-fin origin posterior to adipose origin. Adpressed dorsal fin reaching adipose fin. Caudal fin forked; upper and lower lobes rounded. Swim bladder with single chamber. Vertebrae 56–61. Maximum recorded size 408 mm SL ( Anonymous, 1976).

Colour. — Dorsal surface of head and body uniform light grey to grey (live or freshly-dead specimens with slight yellow hue, fading on preservation); few small dark grey spots less than one quarter eye diameter on side of body, located posterior to origin of adipose fin, caudal fin with few such spots occasionally present; ventral surface of head and body dirty white; adipose fin and fin rays of all fins grey; inter-radial membranes of all fins hyaline.

Diagnosis. — Hemibagrus macropterus differs from the other members of the H. guttatus species group in having a single-chambered (vs. double-chambered) swim bladder, the adipose fin partially confluent (vs. not confluent) with the principal rays of the caudal fin and a dark brown body with few very small black spots less than one quarter eye Distribution. — Hemibagrus macropterus is known from the following drainages in southern and central China: Zhujiang (Pearl River), Changjiang (Yangtze River) and Qiantang Jiang ( Fig. 10 ). Zhuang et al. (2006) report that this species is becoming very rare or even locally extirpated in the lower Changjiang (Yangtze River) drainage as a result of dam construction and pollution.

Habitat and biology. — Hemibagrus macropterus is generally found in swift-flowing rivers with rocky substrates, where it feeds on invertebrates and fish ( Anonymous, 1976). Breeding takes place in June–July, and 1300–2000 eggs of up to 1.2 mm are laid ( Fang, 1987). The larvae are fully developed in about 20 days ( Wang et al., 1992).

Remarks. — In discussing the status of Aoria amemiyai, Kottelat et al. (1998) merely stated that the figure in the original description by Kimura (1934) appears similar or identical to H. macropterus , but did not definitively clarify the status of A. amemiyai . Aoria amemiyai was treated as species inquirenda by Ferraris (2007). Based on the information and illustration from the original description, we could find no significant differrences between A. amemiyai and H. macropterus and consider them as synonyms.

Figures

Fig. 9. Hemibagrus macropterus, ZRC 53403, 117.5 mm SL; China: Suikou.

Fig.2. Hemibagrus baramensis, ZRC 42742, 150.0 mm SL; Borneo: Sarawak, Mulu.

Fig. 35. Hemibagrus gracilis, ZRC 21484, holotype, 247.0 mm SL, Peninsular Malaysia: Sungai Jasin.

Fig.3. Map showing collection localities ofHemibagrus baramensis specimens examined in this study.

Fig. 4. Hemibagrus sabanus, ZRC 40493, 104.9 mm SL, Borneo: Sabah, Segama River.

Fig. 5. Map showing collection localities of Hemibagrus sabanus and H. semotus specimens examined in this study.

Fig. 6. Hemibagrus semotus, ZRC 46121, holotype, 126.0 mm SL, Borneo: Sabah, Padas River.

Fig. 7. Hemibagrus guttatus, ZRC 42555, 328.4 mm SL, China: Beijiang river.

Fig. 8. Map showing collection localities of Hemibagrus guttatus specimens examined in this study.

Fig. 10. Map showing collection localities of Hemibagrus macropterus and H. vietnamicus specimens examined in this study

Fig. 11. Hemibagrus vietnamicus, CMK 15391, 179.7 mm SL; Laos: Nam Ma.

Fig. 12. Dorsal views of heads of: a, H. menoda, UMMZ 208726, 202.6 mm SL; b, H. peguensis, CAS 133789, 212.7 mm SL. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Fig. 13. Cleithral processes of: a, H. menoda, UMMZ 208726, 202.6 mm SL; b, H. peguensis, CAS 89005, 261.9 mm SL. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 14. Hemibagrus menoda, UMMZ 208726, neotype, 202.6 mm SL, Bangladesh: Shari River.

Fig. 15. Map showing collection localities of Hemibagrus menoda and H. punctatus specimens examined in this study.

Fig. 16.Hemibagrus caveatus, ZRC 51968, 51.7 mm SL; Sumatra: Trumon.

Fig. 17. Map showing collection localities of Hemibagrus caveatus and H. peguensis specimens examined in this study

Fig. 18. Hemibagrus peguensis, ZRC 43708, 177.8 mm SL; Myanmar: Irrawaddy River.

Fig. 19. a, Hemibagrus punctatus, ZSI FF 1223, 193.1 mm SL; India: Hemavathy River; b, Specimen (not preserved) from Cauvery River, Karnataka (approx. 250 mm SL) showing live colouration. (Photograph courtesy of Johnny Jensen; copyright www.jjphoto.

Fig. 20. Schematic illustrations of fully extended dorsal fins of members of the H. nemurus species group: a, H. fortis, ZRC 40522, 126.9 mm SL; b, other members of the H. nemurus species group (H. nemurus, ZRC 39181, 132.4 mm SL, illustrated). Scale bar = 10 mm.

Fig. 21. Hemibagrus nemurus, ZRC 42564, 238.6 mm SL, Java: Sungai Sokan.

Fig.22. Map showing collection localities of Hemibagrus nemurus, H. capitulum and H. filamentus specimens examined in this study.

Fig.23. Hemibagrus capitulum, ZRC 40482, 139.4 mm SL, Borneo: Brunei Darussalam, Sungai Merimbun.

Fig. 24. Hemibagrus filamentus, CMK 13393, 110.2 mm SL, Laos: Nam San.

Fig. 25. Hemibagrus fortis, ZRC 45654. 114.5 mm SL, Borneo: Kalimantan Timur, Bahau River drainage.

Fig. 26. Map showing collection localities of Hemibagrus fortis, H. hoevenii and H. spilopterus specimens examined in this study.

Fig. 27. Hemibagrus hoevenii, ZRC 39130, 143.3 mm SL; Sumatra: Batang Berbak.

Fig. 28. Hemibagrus spilopterus, ZRC 40305, 144.3 mm SL, Thailand: Bangkok.

Fig. 29. Hemibagrus olyroides, ZRC 51383, 165.6 mm SL; Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah, Sungai Rungan.

Fig. 30. Map showing collection localities of Hemibagrus olyroides specimens examined in this study.

Fig. 31. Hemibagrus planiceps, ZRC 44073, 102.9 mm SL; Java: Sungai Cibogo.

Fig.32. Map showing collection localities ofHemibagrus planiceps, H. bongan, H. divaricatus, H. gracilis, H. lacustrinus, and H. velox specimens examined in this study.

Fig. 33. Hemibagrus bongan, ZRC 43014, 174.9 mm SL, Borneo: Kalimantan Barat, Sungai Haloi.

Fig. 34. Hemibagrus divaricatus, ZRC 41151, holotype, 308.0 mm SL, Peninsular Malaysia: Sungai Perak.

Fig. 36. Hemibagrus lacustrinus, MZB 17183, holotype, 135.3 mm SL, Sumatra: Hulu Batang Ombilin.

Fig.37. Hemibagrus velox, UMMZ 243334, 174.3 mm SL; Sumatra: Sungai Dareh.