Loneura cavernicola Cutrim, 2022

Cutrim, Marcelo, Neto, Alberto Moreira Da Silva, García Aldrete, Alfonso N., Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes & Rafael, José Albertino, 2022, Intraspecific wing venation and phallosome taxonomy updates in species of Loneura Navás (Psocodea, Ptiloneuridae), with one new species from cave and key to Loneura species from Brazil, Zootaxa 5165 (2), pp. 253-273 : 255-256

Loneura cavernicola Cutrim sp. nov. Male

( Figs 1–32 )

Diagnosis. Belonging in Group I of Loneura , differing from other species in the group by having the central sclerite of the hypandrium ( Fig. 12 ) with three posterior projections, one median projection distally dilated, and two hookshaped lateral projections outward curved. Phallosome with straight posterior sclerites and scythe-shaped end. Hypandrium and phallosome pattern similar to L. marinonii Cutrim, Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael. Forewing pigmentation pattern similar to L. baiana Lima, Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Bravo.

Male. Color. Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline; head pattern ( Fig. 1 ). Scape brown, pedicel pale brown, f1–f2 pale brown ( Fig. 3 ). Mx4 light brown ( Fig. 1 ). Femora pale yellow; tibiae pale yellow; tarsomeres 1–3 pale yellow ( Fig. 10 ). Right and left fore- and hind- wings hyaline, veins brown ( Figs 4–7 ).

Morphology. Outer cusp of lacinial tips broad, with six short denticles ( Fig. 2 ). Right forewing ( Fig. 6 ), pterostigma narrow anteriorly, wider in the middle; areola postica wide, tall, semicircular; Rs shorter than its branches, convex medially, R2+3 sinuous, with a median convex curve, R4+5 sinuous with a median convex curve; M stem concave proximally, then almost straight, with seven primary branches, M7 bifurcated resulting in M7a and M7b from where raise a spur vein directed to the wing margin; left forewing ( Fig. 4 ) same as the right one, except the origin of M3 which is almost on the same node of origin of M1 and M2. Right and left hindwings ( Figs 5, 7 ), R2+3 and R4+5 straight; M stem with five branches. Hypandrium ( Figs 11, 12 ) of three sclerites, a central sclerite flanked anteriorly by triangular side sclerites, convex anteriorly with a little, median, rounded projection and a basal longitudinal row of setae; posteriorly with three projections, one median projection proximally sclerotized, distally dilated with three setae and two hook-shaped latero-mesal projections curved outward, with pointed apices (the left one is distally broken). Phallosome ( Figs 13, 14 ) with side struts basally not fused, anteriorly V-shaped, narrowing distally, ending in pointed, straight projections, not fused to external parameres, these stout, anteriorly narrow and sclerotized, posteriorly wide, ending in a broad lobe bearing a field of pores and a row of teeth on the outer border. A rounded mesal endophallic sclerite, anteriorly convex, posteriorly with an irregular border. Three pairs of endophallic sclerites; anterior pair proximally curved inward with pointed apices almost touching each other, distally narrow and straight, ending in slender tips; lateral pair circular; posterior pair scythe-shaped, elongate, tapered, with rounded, sclerotized proximal ends, slender distally, ending in an elongate outward curved tip. Epiproct ( Figs 15, 16 ) trapezoidal, with three central long and two lateral setae as illustrated. Paraprocts ( Figs 15, 16 ) broad based, sensory fields with 28 trichobothria on basal rosettes, distal border straight, with a row of setae as illustrated.

Measurements (in microns). FW: 5083, HW: 3422, F: 1325, T: 2467, t1: 994, t2: 85, t3: 136, f1: 1326, f2: 1318, f3: 1205, Mx4: 310, IO: 376, D: 487, d: 393, IO/d: 0.95, PO: 0.80.

Female. Color. Same as in the male ( Figs 17–26 ).

Morphology. Right forewing ( Fig. 21 ); pterostigma elongate, narrow anteriorly, wider in the middle; areola postica wide, apex rounded; Rs almost straight, slightly convex medially, R2+3 almost straight, with a convex curve medially, R4+5 with a convex curve distally; M stem slightly concave proximally, then almost straight, with seven primary branches, M7 three branched, resulting in M7a, M7b1 and M7b2; left forewing ( Fig. 20 ) same as the right one, except the origin of M7b1 is closer to the wing margin. Right hindwing ( Fig. 23 ), Rs almost straight, R2+3 straight, R4+5 slightly curved distally; M with four primary branches; left hindwing ( Fig. 22 ) same as the right one, except the M stem with five primary branches. Ninth sternum ( Figs 27, 28 ) thin, long, anteriorly concave, with a strongly pigmented area laterally lobulated, posteriorly with two projections. Gonapophyses ( Figs 27, 28 ), v1 long, narrow proximally and widening distally, with acuminate apices; v2+3 stout, with pointed anterior process, rounded proximal heel, setae at the posterior margin, distal process stout, long, distally pointed. Subgenital plate ( Figs 29, 30 ) broad based, with sides converging to a pointed apex, pigmented area wide, V-shaped posteriorly, setae as illustrated. Epiproct ( Figs 31, 32 ) triangular, two long lateral setae, and many others at the posterior margin as illustrated. Paraprocts ( Figs 31, 32 ) rounded, with rounded apices, sensory fields with 24 trichobothria on basal rosettes, setae as illustrated.

Measurements (in microns). FW: 5515, HW: 3731, F: 1392, T: 2528, t1: 1002, t2: 85, t3: 145, f1: 817, Mx4: 327, IO: 577, D: 437, d: 296, IO/d: 1.94, PO: 0.67.

Material studied. Holotype male (INPA). BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Pains, IN-AGR-029 cave (45 o 40’24.657”W: 20 o 19’20.371”S), ISLA 51051. Coleta ativa. 13.XI-14.XII.2015. Eq. Spelayon et al. leg; 1 paratype female (INPA). BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Pains, IN-AGR-026-028 cave (45 o 40’27.962”W: 20 o 19’19.024”S), ISLA 51046. Coleta ativa. 13.XI-14.XII.2015. Eq. Spelayon et al. leg; 1 male (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: IN-AGR-030 cave (45°40’27.95”W: 20°19’16.98”S), ISLA 51055; 1 male (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: SM-AGR- 015-033 cave (45°40’12.85”W: 20°19’2.04”S), ISLA 51107; 1 female (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: MIC-083 cave (45°37’5.520”W: 20°25’54.840”S), ISLA 42796; 1 female (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: MIC-025 cave (45°37’19.920”W: 20°25’42.960”S), ISLA 42803; 1 female (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: MIC-058 cave (45°37’19.200”W: 20°25’47.640”S), ISLA 42804; 1 female (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: MIC-051 cave (45°36’59.760”W: 20°25’55.200”S), ISLA 42808; 1 female (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: MIC-067 cave (45°37’24.600”W: 20°25’52.320”S), ISLA 42809; 1 male, 1 female (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: MIC-039 cave (45°37’3.720”W: 20°25’54.840”S), ISLA 42794. 11.V-03-VII.2015; 1 male, 4 female (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: MIC-073 cave (45°37’26.040”W: 20°25’51.240”S), ISLA 42795. 11.V-03-VII.2015; 1 female (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: MIC-026 cave (45°37’19.200”W: 20°25’43.320”S), ISLA 42793. 11.V-03-VII.2015; 3 males, 3 females (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: Gruta das cerâmicas cave (45º35’52”W: 20º24’16”S), ISLA 11199. 12-17.XII.2015; 1 male, 1 female (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: MIC-078 cave (45°37’8.760”W: 20°25’54.840”S), ISLA 42800. 12-17.XII.2015; 1 male (INPA). Same data as the holotype, except: MIC-062 cave (45°37’17.040”W: 20°25’58.800”S), ISLA 42798. 12-17.XII.2015. All remaining parts of the body is preserved in glycerin.

Range. Known only from the type locality, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pains .

Etymology. Cavernicola: from latin caverna = cave and cola = inhabitant. It refers to the caves which is the habitat where the specimens were collected.

Figures

FIGURES 1–10. Loneura cavernicola sp. nov. (Holotype male). 1. Front view of head. 2. Lacinial tip. 3. Antennae. 4. Left forewing. 5. Left hindwing. 6. Right forewing. 7. Right hindwing. 8. Fore- leg. 9. Mid- leg 10. Hind- leg. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 11–16. Loneura cavernicola sp. nov. (Holotype male). 11. Hypandrium (drawing). 12. Hypandrium (image). 13. Phallosome (image). 14. Phallosome (drawing). 15. Left paraproct and epiproct (image). 16. Left paraproct and epiproct (drawing). Abbreviations: aes, anterior endophallic sclerites; ep, external parameres; ms, mesal sclerite; les, lateral endophallic sclerite; pes, posterior endophallic sclerites; st, side strut. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 17–26. Loneura cavernicola sp. nov. (Paratype female). 17. Front view of head. 18. Lacinial tip. 19. Antennae. 20. Left forewing. 21. Right forewing. 22. Left hindwing. 23. Right hindwing. 24. Fore- leg. 25. Mid- leg. 26. Hind- leg. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 27–32. Loneura cavernicola sp. nov. (Paratype female). 27. Ninth sternum and gonapophyses (image). 28. Ninth sternum and gonapophyses (drawing). 29. Subgenital plate (image). 30. Subgenital plate (drawing). 31. Left paraproct and epiproct (image). 32. Left paraproct and epiproct (drawing). Scales in mm.