Schizanthus carlomunozii var. carlomunozii V.Morales & Munoz-Schick

Morales-Fierro, Vanezza, Munoz-Schick, Melica & Moreira-Munoz, Andres, 2020, Synopsis of Schizanthus Ruiz & Pav. (Solanaceae), a genus endemic to the southern Andes, PhytoKeys 154, pp. 57-102 : 57

14a. Schizanthus carlomunozii var. carlomunozii V.Morales & Munoz-Schick Fig. 7A-D

Description.

Annual plant, glandular-pilose, with one or several stems arising from the same root, up to 45 cm tall. Leaves bipinnatifid, the blade 6.5-9 cm long, 2-3.5 cm wide; segments irregularly divided (opposite or alternate) and perpendicular to the midrib. Inflorescence 15-28 cm long, with basal peduncles up to 30-40 mm long and apical peduncles 4-8 mm long. Calyx hirsute-glandular, the divisions 5-8 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, linear-spathulate. Corolla with the tube shorter than the calyx, up to 3 mm long; limb pale violet, sometimes whitish, 20-28(34) mm long, 18-30(40) mm wide; upper lip with distinct dark spots on the margins of the middle lobe and in the upper part of the lateral lobes (in the separation of the lateral and middle lobes); upper middle lobe 10-18 mm long, 7-9(12) mm wide, oblanceolate, the apex obtuse to retuse, dotted with dark spots over the yellow area, sometimes surrounded by a white halo; upper lateral lobes with the upper segments a little rounded downwards and wider than the lower segments; lower middle lobe 7-8 mm long by 4-6 mm wide; lateral lobes 10-12(17) mm long, 2(4) mm wide, linear-spathulate, longer than the middle lobe. Stamens almost reaching the length of the lower middle lobe. Capsule as long or little longer than the calyx, glabrous.

Taxonomic notes.

Grau and Gronbach (1984), following Reiche (1909: 477), treated this species as part of their concept of S. litoralis . We consider their description and figures include two different taxa and none of them correspond to the true S. litoralis ; the abb. 24-27 in Grau and Gronbach (1984), shows the variation which corresponds to S. carlomunozii . All these drawings were based on samples collected in the Region of Coquimbo. This area corresponds to the distribution of this new species.

The name of the species honours the highly regarded Chilean botanist Carlos Muñoz Pizarro, for he provided a complete description that includes an illustration of this taxon in " Flores silvestres de Chile " ( Muñoz-Pizarro 1966), but erroneously naming it as S. litoralis . Variability of the corolla drawings leads us to recognise two varieties within the species; one with two distinct spots on the margins of the upper middle lobe, and another with a large spot of fading colour of the same width of the upper middle lobe, which we described as var. dilutimaculatus .

Key characters.

Schizanthus carlomunozii var. carlomunozii differs from all other species in the genus in its large flowers (20-34 mm long, 18-40 mm wide) with a very distinctive pattern on the upper lip of the corolla, with one medium or large delimited spot in the upper part of each lateral lobe (in the separation of the lateral and middle lobes). These spots reaching the margin of the lobes. The upper middle lobe also with two small or medium dark spots on the margins of it.

Distribution.

Endemic to Chile, along the coast of the Region of Coquimbo (Provinces of Elqui and Limarí, 29°35'-31°10' lat. S). 20-350 m a.s.l.

Habitat.

It grows under the shade of shrubs close to the sea; and along roadsides, sandy slopes and dry fields.

Conservation.

Chile. Coquimbo: Fray Jorge National Park.

Specimens examined.

Chile. Coquimbo: [Elqui Province] Fundo Juan Soldado, 7 km al norte de La Serena, 1 Oct 1941, R. Wagenknecht s.n. (CONC); La Serena (Punta Teatinos), Sep 1898, K. Reiche s.n. (SGO); Norte de La Serena, frente Transportes Depetris, en arenales cerca línea de tren, 29°50'39.4"S, 71°15'16.6"W, 18 m a.s.l., 8 Oct 2008, M. Muñoz 5057 (SGO); La Serena, Sep 1926, E. Barros 2373 (CONC); Las Tacas, 8 Oct 2000, A. Brinck s.n. (SGO); Carretera entre Guanaqueros y La Serena, 18 Sep 1983, M. Muñoz 1828 (SGO); Quebrada Tongoycillo, 19 Sep 1948, C. Jiles 859 (CONC); Depto. Ovalle, Guanaqueros, 13 Sep 1965, F. Behn s.n. (CONC); Guanaqueros, 30 m a.s.l., Sep 1965, C. Muñoz 5 (SGO); Camino interior Guanaqueros a Tongoy, primer km, 12 Oct 1989, M. Muñoz 2418 (SGO); Dpto. Ovalle, Carretera Panamericana, frente a Tongoy, 30°15'S, 71°30'W, 30 m a.s.l., 20 Sep 1961, F. Schlegel 3922 (CONC); [ Limarí Province] Carretera Panamericana, 7 km al norte de la Quebrada Los Almendros, 17 Oct 1971, C. Marticorena, R. Rodríguez & E. Weldt 1468 (CONC, LP); Lagunillas, 21 Sep 1972, O. Zoellner 6198 (L); Prov. Elqui, Lagunillas, 30°6'S, 71°21'W, 100 m a.s.l., Sep 1987, F. Squeo 87067 (CONC); Idem, F. Squeo 87033 (CONC); Camino acceso Parque Nacional Fray Jorge, 30°38'1.4"S, 71°26'18"W, 305 m a.s.l., 11 Oct 2004, M. Muñoz 4484 (SGO); Fundo Las Garzas, entre carretera Panamericana y el Bosque Fray Jorge, a 5 km al poniente, 14 Sep 1957, C. Muñoz 4284 (SGO); Parque Nacional Fray Jorge, road between information center/gift shop and the Sendero interpretativo del Bosque Hidrófilo, 30°38'53"S, 71°40'0"W, 251 m a.s.l., 4 Nov 2006, E.J. Tepe, A. Marticorena & P.B. Pelser 1724 (CONC); Dpto. Ovalle, Fray Jorge, parte baja, 20 Sep 1952, M. Ricardi 2086 (CONC); Idem, M. Ricardi 2095 (CONC); Fray Jorge, 18 Sep 1970, O. Zoellner 4388 (L); Estancia Frai Jorge, 215 m a.s.l., 13 Aug 1917, C. Skottsberg 742 (F); Fundo Fray Jorge, 100 m a.s.l., Sep 1934, C. Grandjot & G. Grandjot 466a (CONC); Dpto. Ovalle, Fray Jorge, cerca de las casas, 30°40'S, 71°40'W, 180 m a.s.l., 22 Aug 1948, C. Jiles 751 (CONC); Dpto. Ovalle, Fray Jorge, 30°40'S, 71°40'W, 350 m a.s.l., Sep 1958, J. Kummerow s.n. (CONC); Dpto. Ovalle, Fray Jorge, 30°40'S, 71°40'W, 350 m a.s.l., 13 Sep 1961, B. Behn s.n. (CONC); Dep. Ovalle, Fray Jorge, ca. 300 m a.s.l., Nov 1925, E. Werdermann 912 (E, F, SI, U, US); Monte de Fray Jorge, Sep 1904, K. Reiche s.n. (SGO); Fray Jorge, 26 Sep 1935, C. Muñoz 268 (SGO); C Muñoz 240 (SGO); C. Muñoz 131 (SGO); Fray Jorge, 30 Oct 1956, M. San Martín 650 (SGO); Depto. Ovalle, Fray Jorge, 8 Oct 1947, B. Sparre 2903 (SGO); Ovalle, Fray Jorge, 15 Sep 1947, Ibáñez & Kuschel s.n. (SGO); Desembocadura Río Limarí, 12 Sep 1942, C. Muñoz 3417 (SGO); Dpto. Ovalle, Estancia Talca, 30°54'S, 71°39'W, 300 m a.s.l., 19 Sep 1949, C. Jiles 1435 (CONC); Faldeos del Cerro Talinay, 15 Sep 1957, M. Ricardi & C. Marticorena 4284/669 (CONC); 122 km al N de Los Vilos, 19 Sep 1991, C. Fernández & H. Niemeyer (91) 183 (SGO); Más o menos al Sur de Mantos de Hornillos, alrededor del km 290, 21 Sep 1986, M. Muñoz 2072 (SGO); Unknown: Coquimbo, La Rinconada, 17 Sep 1952, E. Barros 10126 (CONC); Litoral de Coquimbo, Sep 1898, K. Reiche s.n. (SGO); Chili, 1828/1834, C. Gay 176 (P).

Figures

Figure 7. A distribution of Schizanthus carlomunozii var. carlomunozii B illustration of S. carlomunozii var. carlomunozii by S. Rafols (Munoz-Pizarro 1966) C, D examples of S. carlomunozii var. carlomunozii in Fray Jorge National Park E distribution of Schizanthus carlomunozii var. dilutimaculatus F examples of S. carlomunozii var. dilutimaculatus in Amolanas G Las Majadas H El Nague. Photos by M. T. Eyzaguirre (C, D, G, H), M. Aldunate (F).