Andricus mukaigawae (Mukaigawa, 1913), 1955

IRENE LOBATO-VILA, ALBA SALA-NISHIKAWA, GEORGE MELIKA, GRAHAM N. STONE, CHANGTI TANG, MAN-MIAO YANG, ZHIQIANG FANG, YING ZHU, YIPING WANG, SUNGHOON JUNG, JAMES A. NICHOLLS & JULI PUJADE-VILLAR, 2022, A catalogue, revision, and regional perspective of Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental oak gall wasps and their inquilines (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini, Synergini, Ceroptresini), Zootaxa 5161 (1), pp. 1-71 : 13-14

Andricus mukaigawae (Mukaigawa, 1913)

Dryophanta mukaigawae Mukaigawa, 1913a: 261 , ǒ.

Dryophanta mukaigawae Matsumura in litt. [see Remarks 2 below].

Cynips mukaigawae (Mukaigawa) Uchida et al. (1948: 12) , ǒ.

Andricus mukaigawae (Mukaigawa) Yasumatsu & Masuda (1955: 61) ; Abe (1986: 437), ♂ ♀ & ǒ.

Adleria mukaigawae (Mukaigawa) Kovalev (1965: 32) , ǒ.

Distribution. China (Hebei, Liaoning Provinces) ( Weih 1965: 161; Pujade-Villar et al. 2016b: 18), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku) ( Monzen 1929: 353; Shinji 1944: 120 (photo 219); Sakagami 1952: 76; Kovalev 1965: 32; Masuda 1972: 222; Abe 1986: 440; Abe 1988b: 381–382; Abe 1991: 16; Abe 1998: 133), India (West Kameng District) ( Abe et al. 2012: 341), Korean Peninsula ( Saito 1932: 102; Abe 1986: 440; Abe et al. 2007: 196; Pénzes et al. 2018: 253; Pujade-Villar et al. 2020a: 1211), and the Russian Far East ( Kovalev 1965: 32).

Remarks. The sexual generation was described, and the lifecycle was closed, by Abe (1986) (see also Remarks 2 and 3 for A. kashiwaphilus ).

Remarks (2). Mukaigawa (1913a) named A. mukaigawae ‘ Dryophanta mukaigawae Mats’. According to Uchida et al. (1948), this species was collected by Mukaigawa and part of the specimens were sent to Matsumura to help with their identification. Later, Matsumura confirmed that they belonged to a new species.According to Mukaigawa (1913a), Matsumura proposed the name D. mukaigawae , so Mukaigawa respected both the name and the authorship. According to art. 50.1.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ( ICZN 1999), the descriptor of D. mukaigawae is Mukaigawa even though he mentioned that the author of the species should be Matsumura.

Remarks (3). Monzen (1931) treated Andricus japonicus Ashmead, 1904 as a synonym of A. mukaigawae , later accepted by Abe (1986) and reconfirmed by Abe et al. (2007). However, in a later work Monzen doubted this synonymy since the type specimen of A. japonicus was, in Monzen’s words, very dark and needed further examination ( Monzen 1954). Despite this uncertainty, he treated Andricus japonicus as a synonym of A. mukaigawae ( Monzen 1954) . Thus, we do not yet regard A. japonicus and A. mukaigawae as demonstrated synonyms, pending re-examination of the type material of Andricus japonicus , and treat it here as a species inquirenda.

Remarks (4). If A. japonicus and A. mukaigawae become synonyms, the valid name for the species should be Andricus japonicus Ashmead, 1904 instead of A. mukaigawae (Mukaigawae, 1913) according to the rule of priority.

Remarks (5). Ashmead (1904) described both Dryophanta japonica and Andricus japonicus . Pénzes et al. (2018) mentions that Dryophanta japonica Ashmead, 1904 was transferred to Andricus by Monzen (1931), but this statement is erroneous. Actually, Monzen (1931) synonymized Andricus japonicus Ashmead, 1904 (not Dryophanta japonica Ashmead, 1904 , which was never transferred to Andricus ) with A. mukaigawae . Also, Pénzes et al. (2018) mention that Andricus japonicus was considered a species with uncertain status by Abe et al. (2007), which is also incorrect: the species that Abe et al. (2007) placed under the category of uncertain status was Dryophanta japonica Ashmead, 1904 , now Cerroneuroterus japonicus after Ide & Abe (2021).

Remarks (6). Pénzes et al. (2018) found two specimens of Andricus testaceipes ssp. japonicus Monzen in Monzen’s collection (one female and one male). According to Monzen (1953) and Pénzes et al. (2018), the galls resemble those of the WP Andricus testaceipes Hartig, 1840 ; however, the wasps differ from those of A. testaceipes and the name was given based solely on the similarity in gall structure. Hence, a new name must be given for Andricus testaceipes ssp. japonicus Monzen. However , according also to Pénzes et al. (2018) this species may well be a synonym of the sexual generation of A. mukaigawae , so the types must be revised. Therefore, we treat this species as a species inquirenda.

Biology. Andricus mukaigawae induces galls on Quercus section oaks ( Q. aliena , Q. dentata , Q. griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson ex Miq. , Q. mongolica , Q. serrata ), forming integral leaf galls in the sexual generation and large burshaped bud galls in the asexual generation ( Table 1; Abe 1986, 2007; Pujade-Villar et al. 2020a).