Silene striata Ehrenb. ex Rohrb., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 25: 83. 1867.

Eggens, Frida, Jafari, Farzaneh, Thollesson, Mikael, Crameri, Simon, Zarre, Shahin & Oxelman, Bengt, 2020, Phylogeny and species delimitation in Silene sect. Arenosae (Caryophyllaceae): a new section, PhytoKeys 159, pp. 1-34 : 1

7. Silene striata Ehrenb. ex Rohrb., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 25: 83. 1867.

Type.

[Syria], In der Ebene von Baalbek in Syrien, C.G. Ehrenberg (no specimen traced); (neotype, designated here: [Syria] Antiliban, entre la Sahara et Dimas (Al-Dimas), 9 June 1868, C. Gaillardot 1643 as S. kotschyi G-BOIS! [G00544635]).

Description.

10.0-20.0 cm tall, erect. Stem with sessile glands in central and upper parts; with 3-5 distinct internodes. Cauline leaves linear 20.0 × 2.0 mm. Calyx 12.0-13.0 mm long, campanulate at anthesis and clavate in fruit, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; teeth unequal; shorter ones 1.0-1.5 mm, lanceolate, acuminate; longer ones 2.0-3.5 mm, lanceolate, acuminate; marginal hairs long (longer than 0.5 mm), dense. Inflorescence non-divaricate, branch axile (much) less than 90°. Petal claws 6.0-6.5 mm long, ciliate; limbs 6.0 mm long, bifid to less than half, upper-surface pink, lobes oblong, petal limbs cleft to middle or more, divergent; coronal scales 2.0 mm long, ovate, apex entire. Anthophore ca 5.5 mm long, puberulent. Anthers exserted; filaments glabrous. Styles exserted. First pedicel 1-2 cm in flower, 2-3 cm in fruit, erect or spreading, apex antrorse. Capsule 6.0-8.0 mm, oblong, fragile, opaque. Seeds unknown.

Distribution.

Syria, Lebanon (Fig. 7 ).

Notes.

This species is distinguished by its small size, rather short calyx (12-13 mm) and calyx teeth (2-3.5 mm), oblong or slightly obovate petal lobes and ciliate petal claws, and strongly exserted anthers and styles.

The sequences from the three different markers analyzed here are incongruently positioned in the phylogenies. In the ITS tree, this species is found in a clade including S. georgievskyi and S. chaetodonta , as sister to the latter but with moderate support (PP = 0.80, Fig. 3 ). It is unresolved in a relatively large clade in the RPB2 tree, although shares a 261 bp insertion with the S. chaetodonta accessions ( S. georgievskyi sequence is missing for this marker). In the rps16 tree, S. striata is sister to the S. leyseroides clade (PP = 0.90, Fig. 4 ). Morphology, geographical distribution and other molecular characteristics (e.g. the long insertion shared by S. striata and S. chaetodonta ) suggest that S. striata is more closely related to S. chaetodonta than S. leyseroides .

Figures

Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of the ITS sequences including 76 taxa. The trees were summarized in a 50 % majority-rule consensus tree with the posterior probabilities (PP) indicated above branches. Bootstrap support values (> 75 %) based on MP and ML are noted below branches, respectively. The numbers following the taxonomic name indicate the specimen ID and Genbank numbers (Suppl. material 1), respectively.

Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of the rps 16 sequences including 71 taxa. The trees were summarized in a 50 % majority-rule consensus tree with the posterior probabilities (PP) indicated above branches. Bootstrap support values (> 75 %) based on MP and ML are noted below branches, respectively. The numbers following the taxonomic name indicate the specimen ID and Genbank numbers (Suppl. material 1), respectively.

Figure 7. Distribution map of S. sect. Arenosae. Each color code corresponds to one taxon: A S. arenosa B S. austroiranica C S. chaetodonta D S. exsudans E S. georgievskyi F S. leyseroides G S. linearis H S. microsperma subsp. cypria I S. microsperma subsp. maritima J S. microsperma subsp. microsperma K S. microsperma subsp. modesta L S. striata.