Archamiini new name Fraser, 2014

Mabuchi, Kohji, Fraser, Thomas H., Song, Hayeun, Azuma, Yoichiro & Nishida, Mutsumi, 2014, Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters, Zootaxa 3846 (2), pp. 151-203 : 179-180

Tribe Archamiini new name Fraser & Mabuchi

Type genus Archamia Gill 1863

Diagnosis. Members of the Apogoninae : VI+I,9 or VII+I,9; anal fin II,12–19; head and body with ctenoid scales; pored lateral-line scales 24–25; preopercle ridge smooth, edges serrate; three supraneurals; supramaxilla absent; basisphenoid present; one pair of uroneurals present or absent; three epurals; five free hypurals, 1–2 fused and 3–4 fused to terminal centrum; free parhypural; caudal fin forked; body translucent without bars and head tinged greenish yellow and small dark basicaudal spot or with dark or yellowish to reddish bars on body, dark basicaudal spot, small or large, compact or diffuse or head and body with one or two narrow yellowish to dark stripes.

Other characteristics. one or two supernumerary dorsal spines; branched first segmented dorsal and anal ray; ctenoid scales on predorsal, cheek, breast, two pelvic scales, and body; ctenoid scale on opercle and onto base of caudal fin; pored lateral-line scales with multiple pores; pectoral fin-rays 11–16; three supraneurals; 9+8 segmented principal caudal rays, 15 branched, upper and lower unbranched; unbranched procurrent rays, longest segmented; teeth on premaxilla, dentary, vomer, palatine, all villiform (one species present on ectopterygoid) or absent on palatine; six infraorbitals, bony shelf on third infraorbital; anterior ceratohyal smooth or notched; developed gill rakers 15–23; 10+14 vertebrae; 8 ribs; 8 epineurals; stomach and intestine blackish, peritoneum silvery with melanophores; low crest on PU2.

Distribution. Archamia and Taeniamia are widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea, East Africa to Japan and Samoa.

Remarks. This tribe contains two genera, Archamia and Taeniamia , corresponding to the clade XI in the molecular trees ( Figs. 2–6 , Table 4 ). All the members of the clade were formerly classified under Archamia , but Fraser (2013b) redescribed Archamia as monotypic and recognized a new genus, Taeniamia for the remaining species. The history of this species is given by Gon & Randall (2003). Our molecular results did not disagree with the idea of recognizing two species ( Taeniamia kagoshimanus Döderlein in Steindachner & Döderlein 1883 and T. sansibaricus Pfeffer 1893 ) that has been long confused with Taeniamia fucata ( Cantor 1849) ( Fraser 2013b) . This idea is supported also by the geographic variation in gill raker counts reported by Gon & Randall (2003). Prokofiev (2006) indicated a possible close relationship between the species of " Archamia " ( Archamia + Taeniamia ) and Kurtus gulliveri based on morphological characters. But their monophyly was significantly rejected by the AU test based on the present molecular data (H09; Table 6 ).

Archami- is the stem for this new tribe.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree from the partitioned maximum-likelihood (ML) analysis. Numbers besides internal branches indicate bootstrap probabilities (BPs) from 1000 replicates (only those of> 50% shown). Species names of recent Ostorhinchus [we included here Apogonichthyoides melas as a possible Ostorhinchus, following Mabuchi et al. (2006)] were blue, those of Apogon sensu lato [genus Apogon in Fraser (1972)] excepting the Ostorhinchus red, and those of genus Rhabdamia in Fraser (1972) green. The names of the twelve major clades (clades I to XII) within the Apogoninae were indicated on the left of the corresponding clades. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML, Bayesian (BA: Fig. 3), and most parsimonious (MP: Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks.

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic tree (50% majority-rule consensus tree) from the partitioned Bayesian (BA) analysis. Numbers besides internal branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (PPs: shown as percentages, only those of> 50% shown). Species names were colored as in Figure 2. The names of the twelve major clades were indicated as in Figure 2. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML (Fig. 2), BA (Fig. 3), and most parsimonious (MP: Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks.

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of two of the five most parsimonious (MP) trees (MP tree-A). Numbers besides internal branches indicate bootstrap probabilities (BPs) from 1000 replicates (only those of> 50% shown). Topological incongruity between the two MP trees denoted by an arrowhead. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML (Fig. 2), BA (Fig. 3), and MP (Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks. Species names were colored as in Figure 2. The names of the twelve clades were indicated as in Figure 2.

FIGURE 5. Strict consensus tree of the remaining three of the five most parsimonious (MP) trees (MP tree-B). Topological incongruities between the three MP trees denoted by arrowheads. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML (Fig. 2), BA (Fig. 3), and MP (Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks. This tree was largely different from the MP tree-A (Fig. 4) in the positions of Pterapogon kauderni and Vincentia novaehollandiae.

FIGURE 6. Strict consensus tree of the ML, BA and MP trees shown in Figures 2-5. Species names were colored as in Figures 2–5. The names of the twelve major clades (clades I to XII) within the Apogoninae were indicated besides the corresponding clades, while the names of the thirteen tribes (defined based on morphological characters) on the right of corresponding major and minor clades. The tribe Lepidamiini is not in the tree. Tribes with solid bars include species of Apogon sensu lato, and those with open bars do not include it. Geographic ranges were indicated on the right of the clades only for the species of clade II (Apogonini), all the other apogonids occurring on Indo-Pacific Basin. For the revised genus names of some species, see Appendix A.