Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821

Moore, Matthew R., Cave, Ronald D. & Branham, Marc A., 2018, Annotated catalog and bibliography of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini), ZooKeys 745, pp. 101-378 : 131

Genus Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821

Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821: 57 [original useage].

syn. Aclinidia Casey, 1915: 113 [original usage]. Type species: Melolontha castanea Olivier , by original designation.

Cyclocephala (Aclinidia) Casey [new subgenus status by Arrow 1937b: 8].

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Endrődi 1966: 34].

syn. Albridarollia Bolívar y Pieltain, Jiménez-Asúa, & Martínez, 1963: 182 [original usage]. Type species: Albridarollia ocellata Bolívar y Pieltain, Jiménez-Asúa, & Martínez, by original designation.

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Endrődi 1966: 34].

syn. Aspidolella Prell, 1936: 374 [original usage]. Proposed as a subgenus, replacement name for the Aspidolella subgenus Aspidolites Hoehne. Type species: Aspidolea (Aspidolites) atricollis Hoehne , by monotypy.

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Endrődi 1966: 61].

syn. Diapatalia Casey, 1915: 111 [original usage]. Type species: Cyclocephala discicollis Arrow , by original designation.

Cyclocephala (Diapatalia) Casey [new subgenus status by Arrow 1937b: 8].

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Endrődi 1966: 33].

syn. Dichromina Casey, 1915: 112 [original usage]. Type species: Cyclocephala dimidiata Burmeister , by original designation.

Cyclocephala (Dichromina) Casey [new subgenus status by Arrow 1937b: 8].

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Saylor 1945: 380].

syn. Graphalia Casey, 1915: 159 [original usage]. Proposed as a subgenus of Ochrosidia . Type species: not yet designated.

Cyclocephala (Graphalia) Casey [new subgenus classification by Arrow 1937b: 8].

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Endrődi 1966: 34].

syn. Halotosia Casey, 1915: 113 [original usage]. Type species: Cyclocephala fasciolata Bates , by original designation.

Cyclocephala (Halotosia) Casey [new subgenus status by Arrow 1937b: 8].

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Endrődi 1966: 62].

syn. Homochromina Casey, 1915: 111 [original usage]. Type species: Homochromina divisa Casey , by original designation.

Cyclocephala (Homochromina) Casey [new subgenus status by Arrow 1937b: 8].

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Endrődi 1966: 34].

syn. Isocoryna Casey, 1915: 136 [original usage]. Proposed as a subgenus. Type species: Cyclocephala (Isocoryna) jalapensis Casey , by monotypy.

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Endrődi 1966: 62].

syn. Mimeoma Casey, 1915: 111 [original usage]. Type species: Cyclocephala maculata Burmeister , by original designation.

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Moore et al. 2015: 898].

syn. Mononidia Casey, 1915: 110 [original usage]. Type species: Cyclocephala carbonaria Arrow , by original designation.

Cyclocephala (Mononidia) Casey [new subgenus status by Arrow 1937b: 8].

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Endrődi 1966: 33].

syn. Ochrosidia Casey, 1915: 112 [original usage]. Type species: Melolontha immaculata Olivier , by original designation.

Cyclocephala (Ochrosidia) Casey [new subgenus status by Arrow 1937b: 8].

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Saylor 1945: 380].

syn. Paraclinidia Martínez, 1965b: 13 [original usage]. Proposed as a subgenus. Type species: Cyclocephala (Paraclinidia) endrodii Martinez , by original designation.

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Endrődi 1966: 34].

syn. Plagiosalia Casey, 1915: 135 [original usage]. Proposed as a subgenus. Type species: not yet designated.

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Endrődi 1966: 62].

syn. Spilosota Casey, 1915: 112 [original usage]. Type species: Spilosota nubeculina Casey , by original designation.

Cyclocephala (Spilosota) Casey [new subgenus status by Arrow 1937b: 8].

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Saylor 1945: 380].

syn. Stigmalia Casey, 1915: 111 [original usage]. Type species: Cyclocephala mafaffa Burmeister , by original designation.

Cyclocephala (Stigmalia) Casey [new subgenus status by Arrow 1937b: 8].

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Endrődi 1966: 33].

syn. Surutoides Endrodi, 1981: 198 [original usage]. Type species: Surutoides mirabilis Endrodi , by original designation.

Cyclocephala Dejean [synonymy by Dechambre 1991a: 282].

Type species.

Melolontha signata Fabricius , subsequent designation by Casey 1915: 112.

Keys.

LeConte 1863 (North America ), Horn 1871 (North America ), Wickham 1894 (Canada), Blatchley 1910 (Indiana, USA), Dawson 1922 (Nebraska, USA), Hayes 1928, 1929 (larvae, USA), Chapin 1932 (Cuba), Saylor 1937 (California, USA), Sanderson 1940 (Arkansas, USA), Saylor 1945 (USA), Paulian 1947 (French Antilles), Arnett 1968 (USA), Chalumeau and Gruner 1977 (French Antilles), Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978 (Dominica), Moron 1979 (Veracruz, Mexico), Dechambre 1980, Martínez and Moron 1984, Moron et al. 1985 (Chiapas, Mexico), Moron et al. 1988 ( Jalisco , Mexico), Moron and Deloya 1991 (Durango, Mexico), Morelli 1989, 1991 (larvae, Uruguay), Dechambre 1992, Delgado and Castañeda 1994, Ratcliffe 1991 (Nebraska, USA), Ratcliffe 1992a, Ratcliffe 1992b (Brazil), Deloya and Moron 1994 (Morelos, Mexico), Dupuis 1996, Dechambre 1997, Moron et al. 1998 (Nayarit, Mexico), Joly 2000a, Ratcliffe 2003 (Costa Rica and Panama), Reyes Novelo and Moron 2005 ( Yucatán, Mexico), Pacheco-F. et al. 2006 (Guerrero, Mexico), Bran et al. 2006 (larvae), Ratcliffe and Cave 2006 (Honduras, Nicaragua, and El Salvador), Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008 (Nebraska, USA), Dupuis 2008, Joly 2009, Gasca-Álvarez and Amat-García 2010 (Colombia), Stechauner-Rohringer and Pardo-Locarno 2010 (Larvae, Colombia), Mondaca 2011 (Chile), Mora-Aguilar and Delgado 2012, Ratcliffe et al. 2013 (Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize), Pardo-Locarno 2013 (Colombia), Albuquerque et al. 2014 (larvae), Souza et al. 2014a (larvae), Ratcliffe and Cave 2015 (West Indies), Ratcliffe and Cave 2017 (USA and Canada), Villalobos-Moreno et al. 2017 (Colombia), Romero-López and Moron 2017 (Mexico).

Valid taxa.

359 species and subspecies.

Remarks.

The generic and subgeneric synonyms of Cyclocephala have been treated unevenly in the literature. This makes summarizing the synonymies confusing. Casey (1915) proposed most of the generic-level synonyms of Cyclocephala , and the usefulness of these groups was first discussed in detail by Arrow (1937a). Arrow (1937b) went on to treat all of Casey’s new genus-group names as subgenera of Cyclocephala , except for Mimeoma which he accepted as valid. However, Arrow (1937b) did not clearly place any Cyclocephala species into these subgenera in his catalog of Dynastinae . Some authors following Arrow used these subgenera. For example, Saylor (1937) treated Spilosota as a valid subgenus of Cyclocephala . However, Saylor (1945) later abandoned use of the subgenera (at least in North American taxa) and listed Dichromina , Ochrosidia , and Spilosota in synonymy with Cyclocephala . Endrődi (1966) was the first author to discuss these generic groups in totality and proposed many synonyms in the early portion of his monograph. However, Endrődi (1966) impled later in the monograph that Aclinidia , Halotosia , and Paraclinidia were valid subgenera without further comment (see Hardy 1991). Endrődi’s (1966) meaning was ambiguous, and subsequent authors have treated all the above generic-group names as synonyms of Cyclocephala .