Pardosa koponeni, Nadolny, Anton A., Omelko, Mikhail M., Marusik, Yuri M. & Blagoev, Gergin, 2016

Nadolny, Anton A., Omelko, Mikhail M., Marusik, Yuri M. & Blagoev, Gergin, 2016, A new species of spider belonging to the Pardosa lugubris - group (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Far East Asia, Zootaxa 4072 (2), pp. 263-281 : 265-273

Pardosa koponeni sp.n.

Figs 1‒4 , 8‒9 , 12 , 14‒23 , 29‒32 .

Lycosa lugubris: Yaginuma 1957: 57 , f. 2 (♀).

Pardosa lugubris: Yaginuma 1960: 85 , f. 76.8 (♀); Yaginuma 1971: 85, f. 76.8 (♀); Namkung et al. 1972: 94, f. 14 (♀); Oliger 1981: 7, f. 12‒15 (♂♀); Yaginuma 1986: 163, f. 90.5 (♂♀); Chikuni 1989: 116, f. 34 (♂♀); Tanaka 1993: 265, f. 1‒4 (♂♀); Kim & Yoo 1997: 35, f. 8, 20‒21, 38‒39, 50 (♂♀); Yoo & Kim 2002: 28, f. 59 (♂); Namkung 2002: 333, f. 20.27a‒c (♂♀); Kim & Cho 2002: 217, f. 475‒480 (♂♀); Namkung 2003: 335, f. 20.27a‒c (♂♀); Tanaka 2009: 240, f. 101‒102 (♂♀); Zhu et al. 2010: 59, f. 3a‒f (♀).

Etymology. The species is named after our colleague and friend Seppo Koponen, who made important contributions to the taxonomy and faunistics of Holarctic spiders, particularly Lycosidae .

Type material. Holotype ♂ ( ZMMU), RUSSIA, Maritime Province: environs of Ryazanovka Village, 42°47'52''N 131°14'37''E, copses of Quercus dentatus , 25‒ 30.06.2009 (M.M. Omelko). Paratypes: RUSSIA: Maritime Province: Chuguevski Distr.: 5♀ ( ZMMU), S part, Chuguyevka Field Station, ca 43°50'N 134°15'E, 31.07‒5.08.1998 (Yu.M. Marusik). Lazo Distr.: 2♂ ( ZMMU), Lazo Reserve, Petrova Gorge, valley mixed forest, 27‒ 28.07.1977 (T.I. Oliger); 4♂ 2♀ ( ZMMU), Lazo Reserve, Slukhe Gorge, valley forest, 20.05.1979 (T.I. Oliger); 1♂ ( ZMMU), Kiyevka Village, oak forest, 7.06.1982 (T.I. Oliger); 4♀ ( ZMMU), Lazo Reserve, Korpad’ Camp, 43°16'N 124°08'E, 6‒9.08.1998 (Yu.M. Marusik); 1♂ ( ZMMU), Sikhote-Alin Mt. range, Gorelaya Sopka Mt., ca 43°30'30''N 134°06'08''E, 1300‒1470 m, 17‒ 20.06.1999 (Yu. Sundukov); 17♂ ♀ ( ZMMU), Lazo Reserve, Sukhoi River, 11‒ 20.06.2002 (Yu. Sundukov); 13♂ 3♀ (TNU, M194‒195), Sestra Mt., 43°31'52.23''N 134°02'49.44''E, low and middle belts of mountain, 16‒ 23.06.2005 (M.M. Omelko); 2♂ 3♀ (TNU, M251), same locality, mixed forest, 500‒600 m, 16‒ 23.06.2005 (M.M. Omelko); 4♂ ( ZMMU), Lazo Reserve, Korpad’ Gorge, 23‒ 30.06.2006 (M. Smirnov); 6♀ ( ZMMU), same locality, 1‒ 14.07.2006 (V. Shokhrin); 1♂ ( ZMMU), Lazo Village, 1‒ 10.07.2006 (V. Shokhrin); 17♂ 2♀ ( ZMMU), S part, Lazo Reserve, Prosyolochnaya Bay, 22‒ 24.06.2002 (Yu. Sundukov); 1♀ ( ZMMU), same locality, 8‒ 12.04.2006 (Yu. Sundukov); 12♂ ( ZMMU), same locality, 1‒7.07.2006 (Yu. Sundukov); 4♂ ( ZMMU), Lazo Reserve, Amerika Kordon, 25.08‒3.09.2006 (Yu. Sundukov, V. Shokhrin). Khasanski Distr.: 1♂ ( ISEA), Kedrovaya Pad’ Reserve, 22.05.1977 (B.P. Zakharov); 3♂ (TNU, M55), Ryazanovka Village env., 42°47'52''N 131°14'37''E, copses of Quercus dentatus , 25‒ 30.06.2009 (M.M. Omelko). Khorol’ski Distr.: 3♀ ( ZMMU), Khanka Lake, S shore, Luzanova Sopka, 44°33'N 132°23'E, 16‒ 17.07.1998 (Yu.M. Marusik). Ussuriiski Distr.: 1♀ ( ZMMU), S part, Ussuri Reserve, 43°39'N 132°33'E, 29‒ 31.07.1998 (Yu.M. Marusik); 3♂ 1♀ ( ZMMU), Ussuri Reserve, Komarovo-Zapovednoe, 43°38'48''N 132°20'48'E, 21‒ 27.05.1998 (Yu. Sundukov). Terneiski Distr.: 5♂ ( ZMMU), Sikhote-Alinski Reserve, kordon Kabaniy, ca 45°08'16''N 135°52'40''E, 650‒900 m, 30.06‒4.07.1999 (Yu. Sundukov); 5♂ ( ZMMU), Sikhote-Alinski Reserve, kordon Blagodatnoye, ca 44°55'45''N 136°32'36''E, 7‒ 12.07.1999 (Yu. Sundukov). Khabarovsk Province: Bolshekhekhtsirski Reserve: 4♂ 4♀ ( ISEA), forest on the plain, 2.06.1987 (D.V. Logunov); 2♂ ( ISEA, 19), dry litter in Populus forest, 150‒200 m, 11.06.1987 (D.V. Logunov); 2♂ 1♀ ( ISEA, 40), marsh wood, 18.06.1987 (D.V. Logunov); 24♂ 3♀ ( ISEA, 47), Cedrus & broadleaf forest, 250 m, pitfalls, 22.06.1987 (D.V. Logunov); 6♂ ( ISEA, 52), Cedrus & broadleaf forest, 350‒400 m, pitfalls, 24.06.1987 (D.V. Logunov).

Other material examined: RUSSIA: Kuril Islands: 136♂ 14♀ ( ZMMU), Shikotan Island, Tserkovnaya Bay, ca 43°44'N 146°42'E, May‒September 2012 (Yu. Sundukov). Sakhalin Island: Aniva Distr.: 1♀ ( MMUM), Lugovoe Village, 13.08.1983 (A.M. Basarukin); 5♂ 2♀ ( MMUM), Novoaleksandrovsk, 1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 6♀ ( MMUM, G7518.162), Susui River, Novoaleksandrovsk, 21.04‒2.09.1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 1♀ ( MMUM), vicinity Lugovoe Village, Chekhov Mt., 11.05.1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 1♂ ( MMUM), 5‒7 km E of Lugovoe Village, 30.05.1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 1♂ 3♀ ( MMUM), Novoaleksandrovsk, 0 7.1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 1♂ ( MMUM, G7518.167), 5‒8 km E of Lugovoe Village, 4.05.1986 (A.M. Basarukin); 2♀ ( MMUM, G7518.153), 5‒7 km E of Starorusskoe, 20.06.1986 (A.M. Basarukin); 1♀ ( MMUM), vicinity Lugovoe Village, Chekhov Mt., 1000 m, 3.07.1986 (A.M. Basarukin); Dolinsk Distr.: 1♂ 2♀ ( MMUM), vicinity of Lebyazh’e Lake, 18.05.1985 (A.M. Basarukin). Korsakovo Distr.: 1♂ ( MMUM, G7518.192), Utesnoe Village, nr. Ozerskoe Village, 4.06.1986 (A.M. Basarukin); 1♂ 1♀ ( MMUM), Utesnoe & Ozerskoe Village, 4.06.1986 (A.M. Basarukin). Tomari Distr.: 1♂ ( MMUM), Ainskoe Lake, Ptich’ya River, 13.06.1984 (A.M. Basarukin); 1♂ ( MMUM, G7518.161), Ainskoe Lake, 21‒ 22.05.1986 (A.M. Basarukin); 1♀ ( MMUM, G7518.206), Baklanie Lake, 2.08.1994 (A.M. Basarukin). Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Distr.: 3♀ ( MMUM, G7518.214.217), park in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 10.05‒ 11.09.1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 1♀ ( MMUM, G7518.171), 5‒8 km E of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Dolina Turistov, 14.05‒ 25.06.1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 1♀ ( MMUM, G7518.147), same locality, 14.05‒ 25.08.1985 (A.M. Basarukin); 3♀ ( MMUM), Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 3.06.1985 (A.M. Basarukin). JAPAN, Hokkaido: 3♂ 3♀ ( ZMMU), Aizankei, 10.07.1971 (H. Tanaka).

Comparative material of Pardosa lugubris : FINLAND: 12♂ 15♀ ( ZMUT ARA 27268), Turku, Kärsämäki, Ponponrahka bog, 19.06.1977 (I. Oksala). RUSSIA, Buryatia, Kabansk Distr.: 2♂ 2♀ ( ZMMU), Selenginsk (=Beregovaya), 21.06.1983 (S. Danilov); 1♂ 1♀ ( ZMMU), ca. 20 km ENE of Vydrino & Osinovka River valley, mixed forest, 460‒480 m, 17.06.2001 (D.V. Logunov). UKRAINE, Crimea: 966♂ 289♀ (TNU), details see Nadolny & Kovblyuk (2012).

Diagnosis. The new species is very similar to P. lugubris . The two sibling species can be separated most easily by the colouration of femora in males: in P. koponeni sp.n. femora are dark brown (blackish in life), with the distal part being light brown (cf. Figs 12 b–c, 31), while in P. lugubris they have distinct annulations (cf. Figs 13 b–c, 33). Males of P. koponeni sp.n. can be separated from P. lugubris by the shape of tegular apophysis: 1) thinner distal part of upper arm (Ua) (wider in P. lugubris ; cf. Figs 1, 5 , 8, 10 , 12 a, 13a); 2) basal part of the upper arm (Ba) 1/3 long of upper arm (Ua) (in P. lugubris —1/4) (cf. Figs 8, 10 , 12 a, 13a); 3) tip of tegular apophysis straight (slightly bent in P. lugubris ; cf. Figs 1, 5 , 8‒11 ); 4) tip of tegular apophysis located close to the retrolateral edge of cymbium (closer to the midline of cymbium in P. lugubris ; cf. Figs 1, 5 , 12 a, 13a). The two species differ also in size (cf. Figs 27‒28 ). No differences in spination were found between the two species. Female epigynes in P. koponeni sp.n. and P. lugubris are indistinguishable.

Note. Also, males of the new species differ from other species of P. lugubris -group: from P. al a cr i s it distinguished by coloration of the cymbium ( Kronestedt 1992), from P. b ae h ror u m —by size of the cymbium and femora, and by coloration of first femora ( Kronestedt 1999), from P. caucasica —by the shape of tegular apophysis and embolus ( Nadolny & Kovblyuk 2012); from P. pertinax —by the shape of tegular apophysis ( Töpfer-Hofmann et al. 2000), and from P. saltans —by the size of the cymbium ( Roberts 1998; Kronestedt 1999; Töpfer-Hofmann et al. 2000). Female epigynes in P. lugubris -group are indistinguishable, except P. caucasica ( Nadolny & Kovblyuk 2012) .

Description. Measurements of ♂/♀ from Maritime Province (TNU, M194): total length 5.0 / 6.0; carapace 2.50 / 2.78 long, 1.80 / 2.12 wide.

Length of palps and legs： Male leg spination.

Female leg spination.

Male. Carapace black; median band and margins covered with white setae ( Figs 29‒30, 31 ). Sternum black. Abdomen dark, covered with white setae. Femora of all legs black, distally brown; patella, tibia, metatarsi and tarsi of all legs brown.

Palp as in Figs 1‒4 , 8‒9 , 12 a, 14‒20; dark-brown, longer than carapace; femur about as long as patella + tibia, and as long as cymbium; patella and tibia equal in length; cymbium with one claw, long, its top part longer than 1/ 3 of cymbial length, and subequal to height of tegular apophysis; bulb as wide as about 1/2 of cymbium length; tegular apophysis with two well developed arms: long apical one and short basal one; apical arm thin and gradually tapering (Ua), bent at the angle about 115°, its tip straight and pointed; tegular apophysis terminates close to the retrolateral edge of cymbium; conductor smaller than terminal apophysis, with subparallel edges, tip abrupt, slightly widened; embolus modified: wide, subdivided into two parts, embolus proper (Ep) slightly bent dorsally, and accessorial process of embolus (Ap) gently bent apically, its tip somewhat bifurcated on the top.

Female. Carapace brown; median band and borders covered with light-brown setae. Sternum brown. Abdomen brown, covered with light-brown setae. Legs brown; femora with four light-brown rings; palps brown, Epigyne as in Figs 21‒23 , septum anchor shaped.

Comments. The new species occurs in large numbers in broadleaf forests. Sometimes it can be found in glades within coniferous forests. Juvenile spiders are numerous in meadows near forest edges at spring time. Males and females were found in the south part of Maritime Province from the end of May. Males occur until the first half of July. Juvenile spiders can be found at snow-free places from the beginning of March. In Sakhalin Island, the first males were found during the beginning of May. Females occur until August.

The average length of femur I and carapace of both sexes from Sakhalin, Shikotan and Hokkaido Islands is less than in specimens from Khabarovsk and Maritime Province. Also, the island and mainland populations of P. koponeni sp. n. have some minor differences in bulb. The island specimens have a thinner upper arm of the tegular apophysis (Ua) and shorter cymbium, which may indicate that they are a separate species.

Distribution. So far, the new species has been found from Khabarovsk to Sakhalin Island, south to Korea and Southern Honshu, Japan ( Fig. 35 ). There is only one record of the species from China (eastern part Jilin Province) ( Zhu et al. 2010).

Figures

FIGURE 35. Distribution of Pardosa koponeni sp. n. One symbol may refer to several localities; square—specimens examined; dot—literature records.

FIGURES 1 – 7. Male palp of Pardosa koponeni sp. n. (1 – 4) from Maritime Province and P. lugubris (5 – 7) from Crimea. 1, 5 — ventral; 2 — retrolateral; 3, 6 — embolic division, ventral; 4, 7 — embolic division, from above. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: Ap accessorial process of embolus, Ep embolus proper, Co conductor, Ta terminal apophysis.

FIGURES 8 – 11. Bulb of Pardosa koponeni sp. n. (8 – 9) from Maritime Province and P. lugubris (10 – 11) from Crimea. 8, 10 — ventral, 9, 11 — retrolateral. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: basal part (Ba) of the upper arm (Ua) of tegular apophysis.

FIGURES 12 – 13. Male palps and legs of Pardosa koponeni sp. n. (12) from Maritime and Khabarovsk Province and P. lugubris (13) from Finland and Crimea. a—palp, ventral; b—leg II, retrolateral; c—femur II, dorsal.

FIGURES 14 – 20. Bulb of Pardosa koponeni sp. n. from Maritime Province. 14 — retrolateral; 15 — from above; 16 — ventral; 17 — embolic division, ventral, 18 — embolic division, from above; 19 — embolic division, from below, 20 — embolic division, retrolateral. Abbreviations: Ap accessorial process of embolus, Co conductor, Ep embolus proper, Ta terminal apophysis.

FIGURES 21 – 26. Epigyne of Pardosa koponeni sp. n. (21 – 23) from Maritime Province and P. lugubris (24 – 26) from Crimea. 21 – 22, 24 – 25 — ventral; 23, 26 — dorsal. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 29 – 34. Live Pardosa koponeni sp. n. (29 – 32) from Maritime Province and P. lugubris (33, 34) from Crimea. 29, 30 — in copula; 31, 33 — males; 32, 34 — females holding egg cocoons.

FIGURES 27 – 28. Diagrams showing carapace length / femur I length ratio in males (27) and females (28) of Pardosa koponeni sp. n. from Maritime Province and P. lugubris from Crimea.