Rhaconotus Ruthe, 1854

Belokobylskij, Sergey A. & Achterberg, Cornelis Van, 2021, Review of the braconid parasitoid subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from the United Arab Emirates and Yemen, European Journal of Taxonomy 765 (1), pp. 1-143 : 104-106

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2021.765.1479
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A526ACE1-6299-4578-967F-1F7543CA64DD
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5559934
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C731E358-FFB5-FFFA-D573-F93E5604FB33
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Rhaconotus Ruthe, 1854
status

Treatment

Genus Rhaconotus Ruthe, 1854 View in CoL View at ENA

Type species

Rhaconotus aciculatus Ruthe, 1854 View in CoL , by monotypy.

Remarks

This is a large and worldwide distributed rhaconotine genus, currently consisting of two subgenera, the monotypic Afrotropical Pararhacon Belokobylskij, 2005 , and the widely distributed Rhaconotus s. str.

Distribution

Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions.

Key to Arabian species of the genera Rhaconotus and Rhaconotinus (female)

1. Metasoma of female with six dorsally visible hardly sclerotised tergites ( Figs 44B–C View Fig , 46B–C View Fig ) ( Rhaconotinus Hedqvist, 1965 ) ........................................................................................................ 2

– Metasoma of female with only five dorsally visible hardly sclerotised tergites ( Figs 48B–C View Fig , 50B–C View Fig , 52B–C View Fig , 54D View Fig , 56B–C View Fig , 58C–D View Fig , 60B–C View Fig , 62C–D View Fig ) ( Rhaconotus Ruthe, 1854 View in CoL ) .................................... 3

2. Transverse diameter of eye 1.2–1.3 times larger than temple length ( Fig. 43C View Fig ). Vertex entirely transversely striate ( Fig. 43C View Fig ). Mesosoma covered by long yellow setae ( Fig. 43H–I View Fig ). Pterostigma mainly dark brown, but pale in basal third ( Fig. 44A View Fig ). Mediocubital vein of fore wing distinctly curved in apical half ( Fig. 44A View Fig ). Sixth tergite in posterior margin with distinct median emargination ( Fig. 43K View Fig ); long, 1.5–2.0 times longer than fifth tergite ( Fig. 44B View Fig ). Ovipositor sheath almost as long as metasoma, 0.8 times as long as fore wing ( Fig. 43A View Fig ). Body length 5.5–6.9 mm .......................... .................................................................... Rhaconotinus (Rh.) albosetosus Belokobylskij sp. nov.

– Transverse diameter of eye 1.8–2.3 times length of temple ( Fig. 45B View Fig ). Vertex entirely granulate and with reticulation at least partly, always without striae ( Fig. 45B View Fig ). Mesosoma covered by short whitish setae ( Fig. 45G–H View Fig ). Pterostigma entirely yellow or pale brown ( Fig. 46A View Fig ). Mediocubital vein of fore wing weakly curved in apical half ( Fig. 46A View Fig ). Sixth tergite in posterior margin without median emargination; short, usually not or only sometimes weakly longer than fifth tergite ( Fig. 46B View Fig ). Ovipositor sheath distinctly shorter than metasoma, 0.4–0.5 times as long as fore wing ( Fig. 45A View Fig ). Body length 3.6–5.0 mm ........................................... Rhaconotinus (Rh.) menippus ( Nixon, 1939)

3. Second metasomal suture without additional transverse furrow and without posterior area ( Figs 54C View Fig , 58C View Fig , 60B View Fig , 62C View Fig ) ................................................................................................................................. 4

– Second metasomal suture with additional transverse furrow and with delineated posterior area ( Figs 48C View Fig , 50B View Fig , 52B View Fig , 56B View Fig ) ............................................................................................................... 7

4. Fifth metasomal tergites with two long processes on its posterior margin ( Figs 61J–K View Fig , 62C–D View Fig ). Body length 3.3 mm ...................................... Rhaconotus (Rh.) vanharteni Belokobylskij sp. nov.

– Fifth metasomal tergites without processes on its posterior margin, evenly curved ( Figs 54B View Fig , 58C View Fig , 60B View Fig ) .................................................................................................................................................. 5

5. Pterostigma mainly dark brown and only its basal third yellow ( Fig. 60A View Fig ). Body length 3.0– 5.4 mm .................................................................... Rhaconotus (Rh.) sudanensis Wilkinson, 1927 View in CoL

– Pterostigma entirely yellow or pale brown ( Figs 54A View Fig , 58A View Fig ) ............................................................ 6

6. Vertex with dense and rather long setae directed laterally ( Fig. 57B View Fig ). Mesosoma entirely or almost entirely with dense and rather long pale setae ( Fig. 57G–H View Fig ). Body length 4.2–5.5 mm ................... .............................................................................. Rhaconotus (Rh.) scirpophagae Wilkinson, 1927 View in CoL

– Vertex with dense and rather long setae directed laterally ( Fig. 53B View Fig ). Mesosoma entirely or almost entirely with dense and rather long pale setae ( Fig. 57F–G View Fig ). Body length 3.0– 4.2 mm .................... ............................................................................................ Rhaconotus (Rh.) manolus Nixon, 1941 View in CoL

7. Radial (marginal) cell of fore wing strongly shortened; metacarpus (1-R1) 0.5–0.6 times as long as pterostigma, about 0.7 times as long as distance from apex of radial cell to apex of wing ( Fig. 50A View Fig ). Body length 3.6–4.8 mm .......................... Rhaconotus (Rh.) brevicellularis Belokobylskij sp. nov.

– Radial (marginal cell) of fore wing not or only weakly shortened, proceeding till apex of wing; metacarpus (1-R1) 0.9–1.1 times as long as pterostigma, much longer than distance from apex of radial cell to apex of wing ( Figs 48A View Fig , 52A View Fig , 56A View Fig ) ............................................................................ 8

8. Third and fourth metasomal tergite in distal third or quarter with deep and coarsely crenulate transverse furrow ( Figs 47H–I View Fig , 48C View Fig ). Second metasomal suture with distinct median break ( Figs 47H View Fig , 48C View Fig ). Fifth metasomal tergite at least medially widely smooth or almost smooth ( Figs 47I View Fig , 48C View Fig ). Legs mainly reddish brown to dark reddish brown ( Fig. 47A View Fig ). Body length 2.4–3.8 mm ......................... ............................................................................... Rhaconotus (Rh.) arabicus Belokobylskij, 2001 View in CoL

– Third and fourth metasomal tergite in distal third without transverse crenulate furrows ( Figs 52B View Fig , 56B View Fig ). Second metasomal suture without median break ( Figs 52B View Fig , 55J View Fig , 56B View Fig ). Fifth metasomal tergite entirely coarsely striate ( Figs 52B View Fig , 55K View Fig , 56B View Fig ). Legs mainly yellow, but sometimes with brownish tint or brownish yellow, often dark basally ( Figs 51A View Fig , 55A View Fig ) ........................................................... 9

9. Fifth tergite on posterior margin without median incision ( Fig. 52B View Fig ). Temple longer, transverse diameter of its eye 1.4–1.7 times temple length ( Fig. 51B View Fig ). Upper margin of clypeus situated on or weakly below than lower level of eyes ( Fig. 51C View Fig ). First metasomal tergite longer, 1.2–1.4 times longer than its posterior width ( Fig. 52B View Fig ). Second metasomal tergite 2.6–3.3 times longer than third tergite ( Fig. 52B View Fig ). Ovipositor sheath shorter, 0.8–0.9. times longer than mesosoma, 0.4 times as long as fore wing ( Fig. 51A View Fig ). Body length 2.6–3.8 mm ............................................................................. .................................................................... Rhaconotus (Rh.) magniareolus Belokobylskij sp. nov.

– Fifth tergite on posterior margin with small median incision ( Fig. 55K View Fig ). Temple shorter, transverse diameter of its eye 2.2–2.5 times temple length ( Fig. 55B View Fig ). Upper margin of clypeus situated distinctly upper than lower level of eyes ( Fig. 55C View Fig ). First metasomal tergite longer, 1.5–1.6 times longer than its posterior width ( Figs 55J View Fig , 56B View Fig ). Second metasomal tergite 1.4–1.6 times longer than third tergite ( Figs 55J View Fig , 56B View Fig ). Ovipositor sheath longer, 1.1–1.2 times longer than mesosoma, 0.50–0.55 times as long as fore wing ( Fig. 55A View Fig ). Body length 3.5–4.2 mm ..................................................................... ................................................................. Rhaconotus (Rh.) microexcavatus Belokobylskij sp. nov.