Anastrepha microstrepha Norrbom, 2021

Norrbom, Allen L., Muller, Alies, Gangadin, Anielkoemar, Sutton, Bruce D., Rodriguez, Erick J., Savaris, Marcoandre, Lampert, Silvana, Rodriguez, Pedro A., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Nolazco, Norma, Troya, Henry, Keil, Clifford B., Padilla, Anabel, Wiegmann, Brian M., Cassel, Brian, Branham, Marc & Ruiz-Arce, Raul, 2021, New species and host plants of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) primarily from Suriname and Pará, Brazil, Zootaxa 5044 (1), pp. 1-74 : 25-28

Anastrepha microstrepha Norrbom , new species

Figs. 10 , 51–53 , 87–88 , 108 , 132–133 , 157–158

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Diagnosis. Anastrepha microstrepha can be distinguished from other species of Anastrepha by the following combination of characters: Frons and vertex with narrow U-shaped or pair of separated brown spots not extended laterally to eye; C-band and S-band connected, hyaline mark in cell r 1 aligned with or distal to crossvein r-m; C-band predominantly orange posterior to pterostigma. As in other species of the cryptostrepha species group, it has vein M 1 weakly curved apically, the S-band and V-band connected, the aculeus tip narrow (<0.10 mm wide), deep, and nonserrate, and the proctiger sclerites connected dorsally. It is most similar to A. cryptostrepha Hendel , from which it differs in having the C-band predominantly orange posterior to the pterostigma and longer terminalia (oviscape 5.23–6.89 mm long, 2.03–2.27 times as long as mesonotum vs. 4.27–4.50, 1.40–1.41 in A. cryptostrepha ); A. cryptostrephoides Norrbom & Korytkowski from which it differs by the position of the r 1 hyaline mark and having shorter terminalia (oviscape 6.91–8.22 mm long, 2.32 times mesonotum length in A. cryptostrephoides ); and A. disticrux Norrbom & Korytkowski , from which it differs in having the brown posterior scutal band, the position of the r 1 hyaline mark, and longer terminalia (oviscape 3.24 mm long, 1.40 times mesonotum length in A. disticrux ).

In the key of Zucchi et al. (2011) A. microstrepha runs to A. concava Greene , from which it differs in having the wing pattern largely orange and the aculeus tip much shorter, A. flavipennis Greene , from which it differs in having cell bm hyaline, and much longer terminalia, or A. belenensis Zucchi , from which it differs in having the V-band complete and connected to the S-band and much longer terminalia. It also differs from all three of these species in having the hyaline marginal mark in cell r 1 aligned with or distal to crossvein r-m.

Six sequences of A. microstrepha ( MT672143 – MT672148 ), all from adult specimens from Brownsberg, Suriname, were included in the COI barcode analysis of Moore et al. (in prep.). There were three unique sequences. The six sequences of A. microstrepha formed a separate cluster (i.e., with a COI barcode gap), with a range in intraspecific K2P distance of 0.0–0.6%. The smallest interspecific K2P distance was 1.6% with A. cryptostrepha .

Description. Mostly yellow to orange. Setae dark red brown.

Head: Mostly yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle brown, vertex with bown marking, typically narrow, shallow and U-shaped or linear and connected to posterior margin of ocellar tubercle, usually curving forward to or towards posterior orbital seta, not extended laterally to eye, sometimes divided into pair of brown marks not connected to ocellar tubercle; sometimes connected to brown mark on occiput. Medial occipital sclerite often with pair of dotlike red brown spots at midheight and sometimes with diffuse brown medial mark or larger somewhat V-shaped mark connected to but paler than brown mark on vertex. 2–4 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, posterior seta well developed. Ocellar seta weak, subequal in length to as ocellar tubercle or absent. Facial carina, in profile, straight or concave on dorsal two-thirds. Antenna not extended to ventral facial margin. Palpus in lateral view dorsally curved, evenly setulose.

Thorax: Mostly yellow to orange, most of scutum orange; with following areas white to pale yellow: postpronotal lobe and lateral margin of scutum bordering it; sublateral scutal vitta from transverse suture to intra-alar seta or posterior margin, often faint or poorly differentiated posteriorly; scutellum except sometimes extreme base; dorsal margins of anepisternum and katepisternum; katepimeron; and most of anatergite and katatergite. Medial scutal vitta absent. Scutum with narrow brown band on posterior margin, extended to base of intra-alar seta. Subscutellum diffusely brown laterally or entirely orange; mediotergite narrowly brown medially or laterally or both or entirely orange. Mesonotum 2.32–3.24 mm long. Postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, and scutellum microtrichose, scutum nonmicrotrichose except postsutural lateral margin lateral to postsutural supra-alar seta; scutal setulae pale brown, evenly distributed sublaterally. Chaetotaxy typical for genus. Katepisternal seta weak, orange, at most half length of anepisternal seta.

Legs: Entirely yellow to orange.

Wing ( Figs. 51–53 ): Length 6.47–8.33 mm, width 2.47–3.52 mm, ratio 2.27–2.50. Apex of vein R 1 at 0.55–0.58 wing length, slightly proximal to or aligned with level of anterior end of crossvein r-m. Cell c 0.82–1.08 times as long as pterostigma; pterostigma 4.33–5.20 times as long as wide. Vein R 2+3 not sinuous. Crossvein r-m at 0.62–0.70 distance from bm-m to dm-m on vein M 1. Vein M 1 weakly curved apically; cell r 4+5 at apex 1.37–1.46 times as wide as at level of dm-m, 1.01–1.03 times as wide as maximum subapical width. Cell cu a with distal lobe relatively short, length of cu a 1.43–1.49 times as long as anterior margin, lobe 0.61–0.81 times as long as vein CuA+CuP. Wing pattern mostly orange and moderate brown. C-band mostly orange; cell bc orange; cell c partly orange, base orange brown, apex and anterior margin on distal half brown; pterostigma mostly to entirely dark brown; in cells r 1 and r 2+3 orange with brown spots and streaks, especially basally in r 2+3; in cell br orange in extreme base, distal to crossvein h mostly brown or mottled orange and brown. C-band and S-band broadly connected along vein R 4+5; hyaline marginal spot in cell r 1 subtriangular to subquadrate, with apex aligned with or slightly distal to anterior end of crossvein r-m. Basal hyaline area in cell dm relatively small. Basal half of S-band broad, mostly orange, anterobasal margin mostly narrowly brown in cells br and r 1, posterodistal margin mostly narrowly brown, but broadly posteriorly in cell m 4, extending into lobe of cell cu a, with weak to moderate incision in cell m 4; distal section orange, with most of margins and part in cell r 4+5 moderate brown; relatively broad, at apex of vein R 2+3 0.63–0.83 times width of cell r 2+3, not extended to apex of vein M 1, without marginal hyaline areas; hyaline area proximal to apex of band extended to vein R 2+3. V-band with proximal arm broad, mostly brown, orange medially in cell r 4+5 and bordering anterior and middle part of crossvein dm-m; broadly connected to S-band along vein R 4+5; on posterior margin extended threequarters to four-fifths distance to vein CuA+CuP; distal arm slender, mostly brown, connected to proximal arm; hyaline area between arms of V-band and vein M 1 one-fifth to half width of cell cell r 4+5.

Abdomen: Mostly orange, without brown markings; base of syntergite 1+2 whitish.

Female terminalia: Oviscape 5.23–6.89 mm long, 2.03–2.27 times as long as mesonotum; entirely dark orange; spiracle at basal 0.19–0.22. Eversible membrane ( Figs. 87–88 ) with dorsobasal denticles in broad semicircular pattern, with approximately 50–55 moderately long hooklike denticles in 6–7 V-shaped rows, separated from tiny platelike proximal denticles by narrow desclerotized area. Aculeus ( Fig. 108 ) in lateral view ventrally curved, 4.86–6.31 mm long, 0.90–0.96 times oviscape length; in ventral view base slightly expanded, 0.17–0.20 mm wide, shaft 0.09–0.10 mm wide at midlength; tip ( Figs. 132–133 ) 0.16–0.21 mm long, 0.03–0.04 times aculeus length, 0.080 –0.095 mm wide, 2.12–2.22 times as long as wide; in ventral view gradually tapering, lateral margin very slightly concave, nonserrate; 0.07 mm wide in lateral view, 0.82 times ventral width. Spermathecae not examined.

Male terminalia ( Figs. 157–158 ): Epandrium as long as high in lateral view, in posterior view with posterodorsal margin without medial V-shaped indentation. Lateral surstylus relatively short, extended beyond prensisetae by 1.75–2.50 times length of prensiseta; in lateral view short triangular, posteriorly curved, blunt apically; in posterior view short triangular, apex blunt, medial margin convex, lateral margin convex. Proctiger with ventral and lateral sclerotized areas broadly connected and lateral areas broadly connected dorsally. Phallus 7.06–8.30 mm long, 2.69–3.06 times as long as mesonotum; glans slender, 0.60–0.75 mm long.

Distribution. Anastrepha microstrepha is known from Brazil (Bahia) and Suriname. In Suriname it was collected at Berg en Dal, Brownsberg and Fredberg.

Biology. The host plants and other aspects of the biology of this species are unknown.

Type data. Holotype ♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526523 ), SURINAME: Brokopondo: Brownsberg Nature Park , [Witti Creek trail, 4.94615°N 55.1798°W, 441 m,] trap BNP-ML-19, [26 Oct 2017 –] 10 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin . Paratypes: BRAZIL: Bahia: Camacã, Serra Bonita Reserve, Faz. Santo Antônio , 15.40789°S 39.5419°W, 243 m, multilure trap SB-ML-19, 17–23 Dec 2018, M. Savaris, 1♂ ( MELQ DZUP460132 ) ; same, 15.40692°S 39.54508°W, 355 m, multilure trap SB-ML-22, 13–18 Mar 2018, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526521 ) . SURINAME: Brokopondo: Berg en Dal, Bergendal Resort , exit road, hill top, 5.14908°N 55.07515°W, 29 m, trap BD-ML-12, 20 Jan–2 Feb 2018, A. Muller, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526522 ) ; same, 1–14 Mar 2018, 1♀ ( USNM) ; same, 24 Apr–9 May 2019, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01527077 ) ; same, road on bottom of hill, 5.14914°N 55.06667°W, 21 m, trap BD-ML-03, 6–14 Apr 2016, A. Muller, 1♀ ( FSCA) ; same, road on bottom of hill, next to cabin C-45, 5.14597°N 55.06877°W, 6 m, trap BD-ML-04, 20 Jan–2 Feb 2018, A. Muller, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; same, trail to top of hill, 70 m be- fore junction with trail along river, 5.14279°N 55.06849°W, 28 m, trap BD-ML-21, 21 Aug–3 Sep 2016, A. Muller, 1m 1♀ ( FSCA) ; Brownsberg Nature Park , 4°56’23.937”N 55°10’18.855”W, trap BNP-ML-45, 23 Jan–25 Feb 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( DZUP DZUP460116 ) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01556879 ) ; Browns- berg Nature Park , edge of old orchid garden, 4.94826°N 55.18102°W, 488 m, trap BNP-ML-12, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Irene Val trail, 4.95814°N 55.19033°W, 319 m, trap BNP-ML-24, 22 Dec 2016 – 23 Jan 2017, A. Gangadin, 2♂ ( MAAHF) ; same, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, 2♂ ( FSCA) 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526530 ) ; Irene Val trail, 4.95606°N 55.18940°W, 349 m, trap BNP-ML-25, 12 Feb–14 Apr 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( MZUSP) ; Irene Val trail, 4.95474°N 55.18998°W, 382 m, trap BNP-ML-27, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( CDFA) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Leo Val trail, 4.95234°N 55.18755°W, 472 m, trap BNP-ML-29, 27 Oct 2017 – 11 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( ICAT) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Mazaroni Val trail, 4.93727°N 55.20097°W, 484 m, trap BNP-ML-34, 11 Feb–15 Apr 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( NZCS) ; Mazaroni Val trail, 4.93592°N 55.20094°W, 491 m, trap BNP-ML-35, 26 Apr–14 May 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USN- MENT01526060 ) ; Mazaroni Val trail, next to fallen tree 200 m before waterfall, 4.93897°N 55.20195°W, 418 m, trap BNP-ML-31, 24 Jan–26 Feb 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT00875114 ) ; same, 12 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 1♂ ( MZUSP) ; Brownsberg Nature Park, Witti Creek trail, 4.94555°N 55.17842°W, 411 m, trap BNP-ML-17, 26 Apr–15 May 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( MAAHF) ; same, 22 Dec 2016 – 23 Jan 2017, 2♂ ( NZCS) ; same 26 Feb–18 Mar 2017, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526531 ) ; same, 19 Mar–8 Apr 2017, 1♂ ( FSCA) 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT00875113 ) ; same, 20 Sep–26 Oct 2017, 3♂ ( MAAHF) 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526532 ) ; same, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, 2♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526534–35 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94615°N 55.1798°W, 441 m, trap BNP-ML-19, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526533 ) ; same, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, 2♂ ( NZCS) ; same, 11 Feb–15 Apr 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♂ 1♀ ( DZUP DZUP460221–22 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94611°N 55.18029°W, 412 m, trap BNP-ML-20, 18 Sep–30 Oct 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( NZCS) ; same, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, 1♀ ( NZCS) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94624°N 55.18075°W, 426 m, trap BNP-ML-21, 18 Sep–30 Oct 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( MAAHF) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875152 ) ; same, 2 Sep–15 Oct 2018, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01355870 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94641°N 55.18143°W, 461 m, trap BNP-ML-22, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( MAAHF) 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526536 ) ; Witti Creek trail, 4.94162°N 55.1745°W, 336 m, trap BNP-ML-42, 16 May–22 Jun 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526538 ) ; same, 31 Oct–20 Dec 2016, 1♂ ( FSCA) 1♀ ( ICAT) ; same, 26 Feb–18 Mar 2017, 1♂ ( FSCA) ; same, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00875151 ) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1♀ ( USNM AP20180212.88 ) ; same, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, 2♂ ( MELQ) 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526056 ) 3♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526057–59 ) ; same, 12 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01527076 ) ; Witti Creek trail, near mark 0.5 km, 4.94589°N 55.17902°W, 419 m, trap BNP-ML-18, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 2♀ ( NZCS) ; Witti Creek trail, near mark 0.8 km, 4.94452°N 55.17768°W, 377 m, trap BNP-ML-15, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( USNM USN- MENT01354490 ) ; Witti Creek trail, at detour, 4.94293°N 55.17639°W, 352 m, trap BNP-ML-13, 23 Jan–25 Feb 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526527 ) ; same, 17 Jul–18 Sep 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♂ ( FSCA) 1♀ ( CDFA) 1♀ ( NZCS USNMENT01526529 ) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526528 ) ; same, 26 Oct 2017 – 10 Feb 2018, 5♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526525–26 ) 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT01526524 ) ; same, 11 Feb–15 Apr 2018, 1♀ ( MAAHF) ; Witti Creek trail, next to mark 1.1 km, 4.94265°N 55.17566°W, 340 m, trap BNP-ML-41, 22 Dec 2016 – 23 Jan 2017, A. Gangadin, 1♀ ( FSCA USNMENT00875150 ) ; same, 19 Sep–25 Oct 2017, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT01526537 ) . Fredberg , trap FB-ML-03, 1 Mar 2020, A. J. Hielkema, 1♂ ( MAAHF) ; Fredberg , top, 4.64806°N 55.49450°W, 275 m, trap FB-ML-02, 1 Mar 2020, A. J. Hielkema, 2♀ ( NZCS) .

Etymology. The name of this species is a noun in apposition derived from the Greek mikros (little) and strepho (turn), in reference to the weak apical curvature of vein M 1.

Comments. This species belongs to the cryptostrepha species group, as indicated by the weak apical curvature of vein M 1, the wing pattern with the C-band and S-band connected and S-band and V-band connected, the dorsally connected proctiger sclerites, and the short, deep, nonserrate aculeus tip (Norrbom & Korytkowski 2009). In a preliminary phylogenetic analysis using anchored hybrid enrichment (Wiegmann et al., in prep.), A. microstrepha is clustered with A. cryptostrepha , the only other species of the cryptostrepha group included in the analysis. In the COI analysis of Moore et al. (in prep.), the sequences of A. microstrepha cluster with those of A. cryptostrepha Hendel , A. cryptostrephoides Norrbom & Korytkowski , and A. cordata Aldrich , the only species of the cryptostrepha group included.

Figures

FIGURES 9–10. Habitus: 9, A. juxtalanceola (Brazil: REBIO-Rio Trombetas, USNMENT01526637); 10, A. microstrepha (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT01526059).

FIGURES 43–54. Wings: 43–46, A. gangadini (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875020, USNMENT00875038, US- NMENT00875019, USNMENT01526324); 47–50, A. juxtalanceola (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875156, USN- MENT00875161, USNMENT00875162; Brazil: REBIO-Rio Trombetas, USNMENT01526637); 51–53, A. microstrepha (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875152, USNMENT01526059; Brazil: Serra Bonita, USNMENT01526521); 54, A. mitaraka (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875225).

FIGURES 85–91. Eversible membranes, dorsal unless otherwise indicated: 85–86, A. juxtalanceola (Brazil: REBIO-Rio Trombetas, USNMENT01113849; Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT00875158), 87–88, A. microstrepha (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT01354490; 87, dorsoapical); 89–90, A. neptis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875006; 90, dorsoapical); 91, A. sobrina (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875228).

FIGURES 98–120. Aculei, ventral unless otherwise indicated: 98, A. aithogaster (Suriname: Brownsberg, USN- MENT00875210); 99, A. aliesae (Suriname: Coebitie, USNMENT00875194); 100, A. brownsbergiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875023); 101–102, A. curvivenis (Peru: Tarapoto, USNMENT0074464; Suriname: Brownsberg, US- NMENT00875205); 103, A. fuscoalata (Suriname: Coebitie, USNMENT00875201); 104–105, A. gangadini (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875037, USNMENT00875039); 106–107, A. juxtalanceola (Brazil: REBIO-Rio Trombetas, USNMENT01113849; Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875157); 108, A. microstrepha (Suriname: Brownsberg, US- NMENT01526060); 109, A. mitaraka (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875225); 110, A. surinamensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875031); 111, A. tenebrosa (Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875629); 112, A. triangularis (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT00875026); 113–114, A. crassaculeus (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875105; 114, lateral); 115–116, A. neptis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875004; Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875626); 117, A. sobrina (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875613); 118, A. wachiperi (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875217); 119–120, A. wittiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT01526260; 120, lateral).

FIGURES 132–144. Aculeus tips, ventral unless otherwise indicated: 132–133, A. microstrepha (Suriname: Brownsberg, USN- MENT01526060; 133, lateral); 134, A. mitaraka (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875225); 135–136, A. neptis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875004; Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875626); 137, A. sobrina (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875613); 138, A. surinamensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT00875031); 139, A. tenebrosa (Peru: ExplorNapo, USNMENT00875629); 140, A. triangularis (Suriname: Berg en Dal, USNMENT00875026); 141–143, A. wachiperi (French Guiana: Mitaraka, USNMENT00875217; Peru: Villa Carmen, USNMENT00744968; 143, lateral); 144, A. wittiensis (Suriname: Brownsberg, USNMENT01526260).

FIGURES 157–160. Male terminalia, lateral and posterior: 157–158, A. microstrepha (Suriname: Brownsberg, USN- MENT01527076); 159–160, A. neptis (Ecuador: Yasuní, USNMENT01354760).