Bolitogyrus salvini (Sharp, 1884)

Brunke, Adam J. & Solodovnikov, Alexey, 2014, A revision of the Neotropical species of Bolitogyrus Chevrolat, a geographically disjunct lineage of Staphylinini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), ZooKeys 423, pp. 1-113 : 30-31

Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Staphylinidae

Bolitogyrus salvini (Sharp, 1884) Figs 3 A–B, 10B, 16 C–H, 23 E–F, 26 A–C, 27G, 30A (map)

Cyrtothorax salvini Sharp, 1884: 341

Cyrtothorax salvini : Scheerpeltz 1974: 183 (in key)

Type locality.

Zapote (=El Zapote, near Escuintla), Guatemala.

Type material.

Cyrtothorax salvini Sharp, 1884.

Lectotype (here designated, ♂ BMNH): "♂, Cyrtothorax salvini , ♂ Type D.S., Zapote, Guat.[=emala] Champion [written on card in Sharp’s hand with specimen]/ Zapote, Guatemala, Champion [printed label]/ B.C.A. Col. I.2., Cyrtothorax , salvini, Sharp. [printed label]/ Type [printed on disc with red border]/ Sharp Coll., 1905.-313. [printed label] / Lectotype ♂, Cyrtothorax salvini Sharp, 1884, des. A. Brunke 2013 [red printed label].

Paralectotype (1 ♀, BMNH): "♀, Cyrtothorax salvini , ♀ Type D.S., Zapote, Guat.[=emala] Champion [written on card in Sharp’s hand with specimen]/ Zapote, Guatemala, Champion [printed label]/ “G.” [handwritten]/ Type [printed on disc with red border]/ Sp. figured [printed]/ B.C.A. Col. I.2., Cyrtothorax , salvini, Sharp. [printed label] / Paralectotype Cyrtothorax salvini Sharp, 1884, det. A. Brunke 2013.

The male and female syntypes are identical in color and are easily separated from other species of the Buphthalmus Group based on male and female genitalia, though considerable variation exists within the present species concept. To provide nomenclatural stability for this name, the male syntype was selected and is here designated as the lectotype, as male sexual characters provide more reliable diagnostic characters than those of females in Bolitogyrus .

Other material.

MEXICO: Sallé, (ex. syntype series of Bolitogyrus sallei ), 1 ♂ (DEI);

Chiapas: Parque Laguna Belgica, 19 km N. Ocozocoautla, 970m, 8.VI.1991, ex: flight intercept trap, J.S. Ashe Coll#75, SM0038002, 1 ♂ (SEMC), same except: 12.VI.1991, J.S. Ashe Coll#95, SM0038003; Playón de la Gloria, 16.14818°N, 90.89660°W, 180m, mature wet forest, malaise trap, 24.VI.2008, LLAMA08Ma-A-09-2-01, SM0833172, 1 ♀ (SEMC). NICARAGUA:Jinotega: Reserva Nationale Dantali El Diablo, 13.10367N, -85.86904W ± 10m, 1380m, cloud forest, ex. Malaise trap, 19 to 21.V.2011, LLAMA11Ma-D04-3-02, 1 ♀ (ZMUC, DNA extracted); Reserva Nationale Cerro Kilambé, 13.56980N, -85.69742 ± 10m, 1470m, cloud forest, ex. Malaise trap, 23 to 26.V.2011, LLAMA11Ma-D05-1-02, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Matagalpa: 6 km N Matagalpa, Selva Negra Hotel, 12°59.99'N, 85°54.53'W, 1350m, ex. sweeping vegetation, 21.V.2002, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, S. Chatzimanolis, SM0536468, 1 ♀ (SEMC).

Diagnosis.

Head without central protuberance; antenna distinctly bicolored (Fig. 5A); abdominal sternites with fine transverse microsculpture, interspaces about as wide as lines (Fig. 13D); median lobe in lateral view recurved dorsad (Fig. 15F); apical portion of median lobe in parameral view wide at constricted base (Fig. 16C); paramere with divergent arms (Fig. 16 D–E); female tergite X narrow at base, raised area on disc contiguous with base and not strongly converging to apex (Fig. 26 A–C); female gonocoxite not swollen at base (Fig. 27G).

Redescription.

Measurements ♂ (n=3): HW/HL 1.62-1.69; PW/PL 1.33-1.50; EW/EL 1.21-1.32; ESut/PL 0.71-0.74; PW/HW 1.09-1.14; forebody length 4.80-5.00 mm.

Measurements ♀ (n=4): HW/HL 1.43-1.50; PW/PL 1.35-1.50; EW/EL 1.25-1.32; ESut/PL 0.73-0.77; PW/HW 1.09-1.15; forebody length 5.0-5.1 mm.

Similar to Bolitogyrus buphthalmus and differing only in the following: head and pronotum metallic green to greenish bronze or black, without metallic reflection; elytra reddish or black with greenish to bronze metallic reflections, base of elytra concolorous with disc; abdominal segments III–V reddish or completely dark; abdominal segments VIII and genital segment yellow to yellow-orange, distinctly contrasting with previous segments, or entirely dark and not contrasting; legs distinctly bicolored (as in Bolitogyrus buphthalmus ), with dark procoxa in females, or entirely reddish (the lectotype and paralectotype); median frontal impression weak to moderately impressed (morphotype 3); head impunctate in middle of disc or not (lectotype and paralectotype); disc of tergites III–V impunctate at middle, disc of VI punctate; median lobe in lateral view recurved dorsad; apical portion of median lobe constricted at base but weakly such that base is relatively wide; paramere with arms relatively flat, not curved around median lobe, arms divergent and peg setae as illustrated, varying from dense to sparse; male sternite IX similar to Bolitogyrus buphthalmus but median emargination deeper; female tergite X distinctive, narrow at base, raised area on disc contiguous with base and not strongly converging to apex; strongly pigmented area variable at apex.

Distribution.

Figure 30A. This species is known from southern Mexico, Guatemala and central Nicaragua (Matagalpa and Jinotega).

Bionomics.

All specimens were either swept from foliage or collected from Malaise/flight intercept traps during May and June. As in Bolitogyrus fulgidus , very few males are known and it is possible that this species normally occurs in a forest stratum higher than accessed by most collecting efforts. Bolitogyrus salvini has been collected from a wide range of forested habitats: from wet lowland forest (180 m) to cloud forest (1470 m).

Comments.

The relatively large amount of morphological variation observed in Bolitogyrus salvini indicates that a complex of species is likely to be involved but with the material currently available, a broad concept of Bolitogyrus salvini (wide median lobe in parameral view, elongate female tergite X) is preferred. There are three different morphotypes discernable from the material at hand that will need re-assessment in the future. The male and female types (Guatemala) represent morphotype 1: reddish elytra; pale apex of the abdomen; weak median frontal impression; without impunctate area on dorsal surface of the head. Morphotype 2 is represented by four females (southern Mexico, Nicaragua): dark elytra with green to greenish bronze metallic reflections; pale apex of abdomen; weak median frontal impression; with impunctate area on dorsal surface of head. Morphotype 3 is represented by two males and one female (Mexico, north of second morphotype): dark elytra with bronze metallic reflection; dark apex of abdomen; moderately deep median frontal impression; impunctate area on dorsal surface of head. The first and third morphotypes have males available and can be distinguished (at present) by the peg setae on the paramere: morphotype 1 with distinctly fewer peg setae (therefore sparser) than morphotype 3 (Fig. 16F versus 16 G–H).