Pirenidae new status, 1884

Burks, Roger, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Fusu, Lucian, Heraty, John M., Jansta, Petr, Heydon, Steve, Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey, Peters, Ralph S., Tselikh, Ekaterina V., Woolley, James B., van Noort, Simon, Baur, Hannes, Cruaud, Astrid, Darling, Christopher, Haas, Michael, Hanson, Paul, Krogmann, Lars & Rasplus, Jean-Yves, 2022, From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94, pp. 13-88 : 13

Pirenidae new status

Pireninae Haliday, 1844. Type genus: Pirene Haliday, 1833.

Tridyminae Thomson, 1876, new status. Type genus: Tridymus Ratzeburg, 1848.

Eriaporidae Ghesquière, 1955, new synonymy. Type genus: Eriaporus Waterston, 1917.

Eriaporinae Ghesquière, 1955, new status.

Euryischiinae Shaffee, 1974. Type genus: Euryischia Riley, 1889.

Cecidellinae new subfamily. Type genus: Cecidellis Hanson, 2005.

Diagnosis.

Antenna with at most 11 flagellomeres, including 1 or more visible anellus, not counting any indistinct anelli that are usually present (Fig. 49 ). Eyes either not ventrally divergent, or diverging linearly ( Cecidellinae , Eriaporinae , Euryischiinae ), instead of with a concave medial margin in their lower half as in Cleonyminae and others (the exceptions are some male Macroglenes Westwood with huge eyes). Clypeus without transverse subapical groove. Labrum hidden, flexible, subrectangular with marginal setae in a row. Mandibles with 3 or 4 teeth, splayed in a characteristic way ( Bouček 1988) (Fig. 50 ). Subforaminal bridge with postgena separated by lower tentorial bridge. Notauli complete. Mesoscutellum with frenum indicated at least laterally, and with axillular sulcus. Mesopleural area without an expanded acropleuron; mesepimeron not extending over anterior margin of metapleuron. All legs with 5 tarsomeres, except in Zebe La Salle with 4; protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal. Metasoma with syntergum, therefore without epipygium.

Discussion.

The family Eriaporidae is synonymized with Pirenidae , with Eriaporinae and Euryischiinae retained as separate subfamilies. Cecidellinae is described for the unusual genus Cecidellis .

Pirenidae most strongly resemble those few Pteromalidae that have 11 antennal flagellomeres, otherwise differing from most in having 5 funiculars or fewer, without enough visible anelli to bring the total flagellomeres before the clava to the count of 8 that is present in nearly all Pteromalidae . Out of those Pteromalidae with 11 flagellomeres, Termolampa pinicola Bouček differs in having incomplete notauli, Andersena anomala Andersen differs in having no anelli. Bugacia Erdős differs in having the vertex with blunt carina or crest, and Trigonoderopsis Girault differs in having 8 flagellomeres between pedicel and clava. Eunotidae differ in having an exposed, rigid labrum and divergent eyes with a concave medial margin in their lower half. While this may make Eunotidae and Pirenidae sound very similar to one another, the habitus of Eunotidae is very different from most Pirenidae , being stout and flattened instead of being more moderate in body proportions and with a deeper mesosoma. Eriaporinae are the pirenids most likely to be confused with Eunotidae , but differ most conspicuously in having stout setae on the parastigma. Moranilidae differ in having 2 mesofurcal pits, in having pits on the mesopleural area of the mesopectus, and in having an oblique basitarsal comb. Herbertiidae and Systasidae differ from Pirenidae in having 2 mandibular teeth, and along with Micradelinae , an exposed, rigidly sclerotized labrum.

Figures

Figures 49 - 54. 49 Macroglenes varicornis (Haliday) (Pirenidae): antenna 50 Gastrancistrus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): head frontal view 51 Cecidellis sp. (Pirenidae, Cecidellinae): petiole with lamina 52 Spathopus sp. (Pirenidae, Tridyminae): antenna 53 Spalangia alycia Gibson (Spalangiidae): head anterolateral view 54 Erotolepsia sp. (Spalangiidae, Erotolepsiinae): head frontal view.