Nocarodeini I.Bolívar, 1916

Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, Zootaxa 4206 (1), pp. 1-223 : 89-90

Tribus: Nocarodeini I.Bolívar, 1916

Sectio Nocarodes: Bolívar 1916: 22 . Type genus: Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim, 1846 . Sulcatini Harz, 1975: 75 , an unavailable name.

Nocarodesinae Zhang, Yin & Yin, 2003: Zhang, Yin & Yin, 2003: 218, 220. Nocarodeini Bolívar 1916 : Storozhenko & Paik 2011: 29.

Remarks. This tribe was given as a group of genera, Sectio Nocarodes , for the first time ( I. Bolívar 1916: 22) for Nocarodes F.W., Paranocarodes I. Bolívar , Eunothrotes Adelung , Ocneridia I. Bolívar and Ariasa I. Bolívar (syn. of Ocneridia ). Uvarov (1943: 21) united the two groups of I. Bolívar “ Pamphagi ” and “ Nocarodes ” under the tribe Pamphagini . Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko (1951: 289) listed the Eurasian members of this group in the tribe Pamphagini . Shumakov (1963: 44) and Hodjat (2012: 266) at tribe level, Weidner (1969: 156), Demirsoy (1973: 406), Willemse (1984: 100), Mirzayans (1998: 14) and Willemse & Willemse (2008: 12, 41) at subfamily level followed Uvarov (1943) and Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko (1951). Harz (1975: 75) proposed the tribe Sulcatini for most of this group of genera, as well as for some genera of the present Pamphagini . The family group names must be based on a genus name ( ICZN, Article 13.2), therefore Sulcatini ( Harz 1975) is an unavailable name. Ünal (1997: 19) considered Sulcatini as a synonym of Pamphaginae for the first time, later Storozhenko & Paik (2011: 29) synonymized it again with the tribe Nocarodeini of Pamphaginae . Zhang, Yin & Yin (2003: 218, 220) proposed the new subfamily “ Nocarodesinae ”, but Storozhenko & Paik (2011: 29) synonymized it with the existing tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar. In accordance with Storozhenko & Paik (2011) the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar is admitted here with the exception of the genera and subgenera Tropidauchen , Saxetania , Mistshenkoella and Cryptonothrotes that are treated within the tribe Tropidauchenini (see the Remarks section of the tribe Tropidauchenini above).

Main characters of this tribe, the absence of Krauss’ organ, the pronotum not intersected by the typical transverse sulcus, the absence of wings, the presence of distict spinules or denticles along the inner ventral margin of hind femur ( Figs. 266, 267 ), the reduced posterior lobes of zygoma and arch of zygoma, the absence of tumida of cingulum and the dorsal valves of cingulum ( Figs. 5 a, b) are recently derived characters. Therefore it is one of the youngest tribes in Pamphagidae .

Twelve genera are included in the tribe. Interestingly 7 genera are represented only by a single or 2 species, Eunothrotes (1), Pseudonothrotes (1), Iranacris (1), Araxiana (1), Ebnerodes (1), Neoparanothrotes (2), Turkanocaracris (2), all of which (except Ebnerodes ) are found in a relatively restricted area, along the eastern border of Turkey and the neighbouring regions of N.W. Iran, S. Georgia, W. Armenia and Nakhichevan ( Figs. 841–848 ). Besides, the genera Bufonocarodes with all species, Nocarodes , Nocaracris and Paranothrotes are also represented by many species in this area. It is clear that the evolution centre of the tribe is this area. Only 2 genera are out of this region, Paranocarodes found in western Turkey, S.E. Bulgaria and E. Greece and Ebnerodes found in S. Turkey ( Figs. 840–841 ).

The tribe may be divided into 2 groups of genera based on the presence of tympanum, but two genera, Nocaracris and Paranocarodes have high number of species, possess species both with tympanum and without tympanum ( Figs. 34 4–353 ). Therefore this division would not have taxonomic value for these two genera. The species of Nocaracris with tympanum and the species of Paranocarodes without tympanum cannot be taxonomic units because of the other characters including the male phallic complex undoubtedly suggest their congeneric state with the other species of Nocaracris and Paranocarodes .

This tribe is easily recognizable as a monophyletic group by the unique phallic complex ( Fig. 5 ) and other morphological characters given above and in the key.

Figures

FIGURE 840. Distribution of the species and subspecies of genus Paranocarodes.

FIGURE 841. Distribution of the species and subspecies of genera Ebnerodes and Paranothrotes.

FIGURE 842. Distribution of the species of genera Paranothrotes, Pseudonothrotes and Eunothrotes.

FIGURE 843. Distribution of the species and subspecies of genera Neoparanothrotes and Nocaracris.

FIGURE 844. Distribution of the species of genus Nocaracris.

FIGURE 845. Distribution of the species of genus Nocaracris.

FIGURE 846. Distribution of the species of genera Nocaracris and Turkanocaracris.

FIGURE 847. Distribution of the species and subspecies of genera Araxiana and Nocarodes.

FIGURE 848. Distribution of the species of genera Nocarodes and Iranacris.

FIGURES 259 – 281. Habitus and body parts. 259 – 260 Haplotropis brunneriana, 259 male, 260 female. 261 – 262 krauss’ organ, 261 Ocnerosthenus simulans, male; 262 Prionosthenus femoralis, female; 263 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis, without krauss’ organ. 264 Finotia maxima, pronotum. 265 – 267 ventral view of hind femur in female, 265 Tropidauchen escalerai; 266 Paranocarodes turkmen; 267 Bufonocarodes robustus. 268 – 269 male supra-anal plate, 268 Paracinipe saharae; 269 Orchamus yersini davisi. 270 – 271 female antenna, 270 Orchamus yersini yersini; 271 Ocneropsis bethlehemita. 272 – 273 male hind femur, 272 Orchamus massai; 273 Ocnerosthenus kneuckeri. 274 – 277 mesosternal interspace in female, 274 Orchamus yersini yersini; 275 Prionosthenus galericulatus; 276 Ocneropsis bethlehemita; 277 Ocnerosthenus simulans. 278 – 281 eye, 278 Ocneropsis bethlehemita, male; 279 ditto female; 280 Ocnerosthenus kneuchkeri, male; 281 Ocnerosthenus simulans, female.

FIGURES 1 – 5. Male phallic complexes in 5 tribes. A phallus lateral, B phallus dorsal, C epiphallus. 1 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus (Thrinchini); 2 Haplotropis brunneriana (Haplotropiidini); 3 Orchamus massai (Pamphagini); 4 Saxetania (Cryptonothrotes) pseudoaptera (Tropidauchenini); 5 Paranocarodes beieri (Nocarodeini). Abbreviations: a: apodemes; abvp: apical end of basal valves of penis; ae: aedeagus; an: ancorae; ana: apical notch of apodemes; ap: anterior projection; avp: apical valves of penis; az: arch of zygoma; bvp: basal valves of penis; dvc: dorsal valves of cingulum; lasp: lateral aperture of sheath of penis; p: pseudolophi; plp: postero-lateral projection; plz: posterior lobes of zygoma; pmp: postero-median projection; rc: rami of cingulum; sp: sheath of penis; tc: tumida of cingulum; tz: tumida of zygoma; wb: white band; z: zygoma.

FIGURES 32 – 43. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 32 Prionosthenus gueleni; 33 Ocnerosthenus brunnerianus; 34 Ocneropsis bethlehemita; 35 Orchamus yersini yersini; 36 Orchamus massai; 37 Paracinipe zebrata; 38 Tropidauchen escalerai; 39 Saxetania (s. str.) cultricolle cultricolle; 40 Saxetania (Cryptonothrotes) pseudoaptera; 41 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gorochovi; 42 Paranocarodes straubei; 43 Paranocarodes fieberi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 6 – 16. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 6 Prionotropis maculinervis; 7 Eremopeza gibbera gibbera; 8 Eremopeza festiva; 9 Eremopeza saussurei saussurei; 10 Eremopeza kashmirensis; 11 Eremopeza soltanii; 12 Iranotmethis persa zagrosi; 13 Eremotmethis carinatus; 14 Eremocharis subsulcata beccalonii; 15 Eremocharis granulosa granulosa; 16 Tuarega insignis. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 17 – 31. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 17 Tmethis pulchripennis (asiaticus); 18 Atrichtmethis semenovi; 19 Melanotmethis fuscipennis fuscipennis; 20 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus; 21 Glyphanus obtusus; 22 Asiotmethis limbatus; 23 Glyphotmethis escherichi escherichi; 24 Utubius syriacus; 25 Strumiger desertorum desertorum; 26 Thrinchus campanulatus campanulatus; 27 Filchnerella beicki; 28 Mongolotmethis gobiensis gobiensis; 29 Beybienkia lithophila; 30 Eotmethis nasutus; 31 Haplotropis brunneriana. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 44 – 54. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 44 Paranocarodes karabagi; 45 Paranocarodes tolunayi tolunayi; 46 Paranpcarodes tolunayi paphlagonicus; 47 Paranocarodes chopardi; 48 Paranocarodes turkmen; 49 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis; 50 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anamas; 51 Paranocarodes brevipes; 52 Paranocarodes lubricus; 53 Paranocarodes beieri; 54 Ebnerodes toelgi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 55 – 68. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 55 Paranothrotes sulcatus; 56 Paranothrotes opacus opacus; 57 Paranothrotes eximius bitlis; 58 Paranothrotes gotvendicus; 59 Paranothrotes tenuicornis; 60 Paranothrotes margaritae; 61 Paranothrotes siirt; 62 Pseudonothrotes levis; 63 Eunothrotes derjugini; 64 Neoparanothrotes borumandi; 65 Nocaracris furvus kazdagi; 66 Nocaracris tunceli; 67 Nocaracris tardus; 68 Nocaracris emirdagi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 69 – 82. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 69 Nocaracris cejchani; 70 Nocaracris cyanipes; 71 Nocaracris judithae; 72 Nocaracris karadagi; 73 Nocaracris palandoken; 74 Nocaracris monticolus; 75 Nocaracris van; 76 Nocaracris karshitoros; 77 Nocaracris goektepe; 78 Nocaracris crassipes; 79 Turkanocaracris levigatus; 80 Turkanocaracris davisi; 81 Araxiana woronowi; 82 Nocarodes serricollis. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 83 – 92. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 83 Nocarodes sactidavidi; 84 Nocarodes balachowskyi; 85 Nocarodes pullus; 86 Nocarodes znojkoi; 87 Nocarodes nanus; 88 Nocarodes ebneri; 89 Nocarodes nodosus; 90 Nocarodes iranicus; 91 Bufonocarodes tumulosus; 92 Bufonocarodes mistshenkoi mistshenkoi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 93 – 105. Body parts. 93 – 94 mid tibia in male, 93 Glyphotmethis dimorphus dimorphus; 94 Pamphagus caprai; 95 male hind wing of Prionotropis maculinervis. 96 – 97 female head antero-lateral view 96 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus; 97 Paranocarodes turkmen. 98 – 99 male vertex, 98 Haplotropis brunneriana; 99 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus. 100 – 101 female pronotum, 100 Thrinchus turcmenus; 101 Haplotropis brunneriana. 102 – 103 apical part of left hind tibia in female, 102 Thrinchus turcmenus; 103 Tmethis pulchripennis (asiaticus). 104 – 105 female prosternum, 104 Glyphotmethis escherichi inermis; 105 Rhinotmethis beybienkoi. Abbreviations: a: preocellar foveola, b: supraocellar foveola, c: supraocular foveola.

FIGURES 106 – 128. Body parts. 106 – 108 male pronotum, 106 Eremopeza gibbera gibbera; 107 Eremocharis bampura bampura; 108 Asiotmethis limbatus. 109 – 110 male arolium, 109 Prionotropis hystrix; 110 Tuarega insignis. 111 – 114 subtympanal lobe in female, 111 Prionotropis maculinervis; 112 Prionotropis hystrix; 113 Iranotmethis cyanipennis iranicus; 114 Eremocharis subsulcata beccalonii. 115 – 116 female hind femur, 115 Iranotmethis cyanipennis iranicus; 116 Eremotmethis carinatus. 117 – 118 female vertex, 117 Iranotmethis persa zagrosi; 118 Eremopeza reducta. 119 – 120 male pronotum, 119 Eremocharis granulosa brachycera; 120 Tuarega insignis. 121 – 124 male vertex, 121 and 122 Tmethis pulchripennis (asiaticus); 123 and 124 Atrichotmethis semenovi. 125 – 126 female pronotum, 125 Atrichotmethis semenovi; 126 Melanotmethis fuscipennis fuscipennis. 127 – 128 metazona of pronotum in female, 127 Glyphanus obtusus; 128 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus.

FIGURES 129 – 146. Body parts. 129 – 130 male first abdominal tergite, 129 Asiotmethis turritus; 130 Glyphotmethis dimorphus dimorphus. 131 – 132 female head lateral view, 131 Filchnerella beicki; 132 Rhinotmethis beybienkoi. 133 – 134 male pronotum, 133 Beybienkia songorica, holotype; 134 Filchnerella alashanicus, holotype. 135 – 136 apical part of hind tibia in female, 135 Filchnerella beicki, left tibia; 136 Mongolotmethis gobiensis gobiensis, right tibia. 137 – 138 female frontal groove, 137 Mongolotmethis gobiensis gobiensis, paratype; 138 Filchnerella alashanicus, paratype. 139 – 140 male frontal ridge, 139 Rhinotmethis hummeli; 140 Eotmethis nasutus, paratype. 141 – 142 female frontal ridge, 141 Utubius syriacus; 142 Thrinchus campanulatus campanulatus. 143 – 144 male pronotum, 143 Strumiger desertorum desertorum; 144 Thrinchus arenosus arenosus. 145 – 146 male prosternum, 145 Strumiger desertorum desertorum; 146 Thrinchus campanulatus campanulatus.

FIGURES 147 – 155. Habitus. 147 – 149 Prionotropis maculinervis, 147 male syntype dorsal; 148 ditto lateral; 149 female lateral. 150 Eremopeza gibbera gibbera, male; 151 Eremopeza gibbera lata, male holotype; 152 Eremopeza angusta, male holotype; 153 Eremopeza festiva, male; 154 Eremopeza saussurei saussurei, male; 155 Eromepeza saussurei cyanea, male paratype.

FIGURES 156 – 167. Male habitus and body parts. 156 Eremopeza saussurei violacea, syntype; 157 Eremopeza gigas; 158 Eremopeza cinerascens cinerascens; 159 Eremopeza cinerascens virescens; 160 Eremopeza cinerascens aurantipes; 161 Eremopeza cinerascens afghana, holotype; 162 Eremopeza bicoloripes, paratype; 163 Eremopeza reducta; 164 – 167 Eremopeza soltanii, holotype, 164 habitus dorsal; 165 habitus dorso-lateral; 166 head and pronotum dorsal; 167 head frontal view.

FIGURES 168 – 183. Habitus and body parts. 168 – 171 Eremopeza kashmirensis, male holotype, 168 habitus dorsal; 169 head and pronotum; 170 ditto lateral; 171 head frontal view. 172 – 173 Iranotmethis cyanipennis iranicus (holo- and paratype of the syn. I. cyanipennis cyanipes), 172 male; 173 female. 174 Iranotmethis cyanipennis kurdus, female holotype; 175 – 176 Iranotmethis persa zagrosi, 175 male; 176 female; 177 Eremotmethis carinatus; 178 – 179 Eremocharis subsulcata subsulcata habitus, 178 male; 179 female; 180 – 183 Eremocharis subsulcata beccalonii, 180 male holotype; 181 female paratype; 182 head and pronotum in male; 183 basal part of hind tibia in male.

FIGURES 184 – 204. Body parts and habitus. 184 – 186 Eremocharis subsulcata beccalonii, 184 male pronotum; 185 female pronotum; 186 female hind leg. 187 Eremocharis subsulcata rosasea, male paratype; 188 Eremocharis subsulcata atripes, male paratype; 189 – 190 Eremocharis granulosa granulosa, 189 male; 190 female; 191 – 192 Eremocharis granulosa brachycera, 191 male; 192 female; 193 – 194 Eremocharis rufipes, 193 male; 194 female; 195 – 196 Eremocharis obscura, paratypes, 195 male; 196 female; 197 – 198 Eremocharis maior, 197 male holotype; 198 female paratype; 199 – 200 Eremocharis clavicornis, 199 male holotype; 200 female; 201 Eremocharis brachyptera uvarovi, female; 202 Eremocharis zaheri, male holotype; 203 – 204 Eremocharis afghana, 203 male holotype; 204 female paratype.

FIGURES 205 – 220. Habitus. 205 – 206 Eremocharis ancestralis, 205 male holotype; 206 female paratype. 207 – 208 Eremocharis bampura bampura, 207 male paratype; 208 female paratype. 209 – 210 Eremocharis bampura khorasana, 209 male paratype; 210 female paratype. 211 – 212 Dhofaria splendens, 211 male paratype; 212 female paratype. 213 Tuarega insignis, male. 214 – 215 Tmethis pulchripennis (asiaticus), 214 male; 215 female. 216 Tmethis cisti (gracilis). 217 – 218 Atrichotmethis semenovi, 217 male; 218 female. 219 – 220 Melanotmethis fuscipennis fuscipennis, 219 male; 220 female.

FIGURES 221 – 236. Habitus. 221 – 222 Asiotmethis turritus, 221 male; 222 female. 223 – 224 Glyphotmethis adaliae, 223 male; 224 female. 225 – 226 Glyphotmethis efe, 225 male; 226 female. 227 – 228 Glyphanus obtusus, 227 male; 228 female. 229 – 230 Pezotmethis tartarus tartarus, 229 male; 230 female. 231 – 232 Pezotmethis karatavicus karatavicus, 231 male; 232 female. 233 – 234 Utubius syriacus, 233 male (holotype of U. syriacus zahre); 234 female. 235 – 236 Strumiger desertorum desertorum, 235 male; 236 female paralectotype.

FIGURES 237 – 258. Habitus and body parts. 237 – 238 Thrinchus arenosus arenosus, 237 male; 238 female. 239 – 240 Filchnerella beicki, 239 male, 240 female. 241 – 242 Filchnerella alashanicus, 241 male holotype, 242 female paratype. 243 – 245 female facial carina, 243 Filchnerella kukunoris; 244 and 245 Filchnerella alashanicus, paratypes. 246 – 247 Mongolotmethis gobiensis gobiensis, 246 male holotype, 247 female paratype. 248 – 249 Beybienkia songorica, 248 male holotype, 249 female paratype. 250 Beybienkia amica, female holotype. 251 – 252 female pronotum, 251 Beybienkia lithophila, paratype; 252 Beybienkia amica, holotype. 253 – 255 Eotmethis nasutus, 253 male paratype; 254 male holotype; 255 female paratype. 256 – 257 Rhinotmethis hummeli, 256 male lateral; 257 ditto dorsal. 258 Rhinotmethis beybienkoi, male.

FIGURES 282 – 295. Habitus. 282 – 283 Prinosthenus gueleni, 282 male; 283 female paratype. 284 – 285 Prinosthenus galericulatus, 284 male; 285 female. 286 – 287 Prinosthenus syriacus, 286 male; 287 female. 288 – 289 Ocnerosthenus brunnerianus, paralectotypes, 288 male; 289 female. 290 – 291 Ocnerosthenus simulans, 290 male; 291 female. 292 – 293 Ocnerosthenus kneuchkeri, 292 male; 293 female. 294 – 295 Ocneropsis bethlehemita, 294 male; 295 female.

FIGURES 296 – 311. Habitus and body parts. 296 – 297 Orchamus yersini yersini, 296 male lectotype; 297 female paralectotype. 298 – 299 Orchamus yersini davisi, 298 male paratype; 299 female holotype. 300 – 305 Orchamus massai, 300 male holotype, habitus; 301 ditto head, pronotum and tegmina dorsal; 302 ditto lateral; 303 female paratype, habitus; 304 ditto head, pronotum and tegmina dorsal; 305 ditto lateral. 306 Orchamus kaltenbachi, head, pronotum and tegmina in male holotype. 307 Orchamus hebraeus, head, pronotum and tegmina in male. 308 – 309 Orchamus gracilis, habitus, 308 male; 309 female lectotype. 310 – 311 Orchamus raulinii, habitus, 310 male; 311 female.

FIGURES 312 – 329. Habitus and body parts. 312 – 315 Paracinipe zebrata, 312 male habitus; 313 female habitus; 314 female prosternum; 315 female mesosternal interspace. 316 – 320 Paracinipe suezensis, female holotype 316 habitus lateral; 317 ditto dorsal; 318 head, pronotum and tegmina; 319 prosternum; 320 mesosternal interspace. 321 – 323 habitus of female of Paracinipe spp., (provided by B. Massa), 321 Paracinipe marmarica; 322 Paracinipe baccettii; 323 Paracinipe foreli. 324 – 325 hind femur, 324 Tropidauchen escalerai; 325 Saxetania (s. str.) cultricolle cultricolle. 326 – 327 male tegmina, 326 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gorochovi, holotype; 327 Saxetania (Cryptonothrotes) pseudoaptera. 328 – 329 Tropidauchen escalerai, habitus, 328 male, 329 female.

FIGURES 330 – 343. Habitus and body parts. 330 – 331 Saxetania (s. str.) cultricolle cultricolle, 330 male, 331 female. 332 – 333 Saxetania (Cryptonothrotes) pseudoaptera, 332 male, 333 female. 334 – 335 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) marani (provided by I. Malenovsky), 334 male holotype, 335 female paratype. 336 – 337 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gardezae, 336 male holotype, 337 female paratype. 338 – 341 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gorochovi, male holotype, 338 habitus lateral; 339 ditto dorsal; 340 prosternum; 341 habitus ventral. 342 – 343 female tegmina, 342 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) marani, 343 Saxetania (Mistshenkoella) gardezae.

FIGURES 344 – 374. Body parts. 344 – 353 tympanum, 344 Paranocarodes straubei, male; 345 ditto female; 346 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis, male; 347 Paranocarodes chopardi, male; 348 ditto female; 349 Paranocarodes karabagi, female; 350 Nocaracris bodenheimeri, female without tympanum; 351 Nocaracris subrubratus, female without tympanum; 352 Nocaracris kosswigi, female; 353 Nocaracris judithae, female. 354 – 355 female abdominal tergites, 354 Paranocarodes karabagi; 355 Nocaracris judithae. 356 – 357 female vertex, 356 Neoparanothrotes borumandi; 357 Paranothrotes margaritae. 358 – 360 vertex dorsal view, 358 Pseudonothrotes levis, male; 359 ditto female; 360 Paranothrotes margaritae, female. 361 – 362 arolium of fore leg in male, 361 Eunothrotes dejugini; 362 Paranocarodes turkmen. 363 – 364 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in male, 363 Paranothrotes gotvendicus, syntype; 364 Paranocarodes anatoliensis anatoliensis. 365 – 366 fastigium of vertex in female, 365 Paranothrotes siirt; 366 Paranocarodes turkmen. 367 – 370 head and pronotum, 367 Ebnerodes toelgi, male; 368 ditto female; 369 Paranocarodes straubei, male; 370 ditto female. 371 – 374 head and pronotum, dorso-lateral, 371 Turkanocaracris levigatus, male holotype; 372 ditto female paratype; 373 Nocarodes balachowskyi, male; 374 ditto female. Abbreviations: nsa: neighbour stigmal area, s: stigma, t: tympanum.