Nocaracris

Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, Zootaxa 4206 (1), pp. 1-223 : 132-136

Key to species groups, species and subspecies of Nocaracris

1 Hind femur narrow, in usual form, dorsal margin convex in basal half, without preapical notch ( Figs. 526–527 )......... 2

- Hind femur strongly widened in basal half, with a preapical notch ( Figs. 522–525 ); (pronotum without lateral carinae; body stout)......................................................................( N. niethammeri sp. group)...41

2 Lateral carinae of pronotum always distinct and raised; median carinae distinctly raised ( Figs. 530–531 ); body depressed dorso-ventrally or compressed laterally.................................................................. 3

- Lateral carinae of pronotum absent or very weak; median carinae not raised; pronotum roof-shaped (more distinct in female) ( Figs. 528–529 ); body strongly compressed laterally..................................( N. tridentatus sp. group)... 32

3 Body and pronotum high in lateral view, clearly compressed laterally; median carina of pronotum raised, quite convex in lateral view (more distinct in female); abdominal tergites with raised and compressed median carina ( Figs. 625–632 ); tympanum present but reduced, smaller than the neighbour stigmal area ( Figs. 632–633 ), if absent ( N. istanbul sp. nov., some N. bulgaricus and some N. rimansonae ) then body strongly compressed laterally.......................................... 4

- Body and pronotum low in lateral view, depressed dorso-ventrally or slightly compressed laterally; median carina of pronotum slightly raised; median carina of abdominal tergites not raised or slightly raised and not compressed laterally ( Figs. 659–666 ); tympanum absent ( Fig. 534 ), if present (in N. judithae sp. nov. and N. minutus sp. nov.) ( Figs. 535–536 ) then as large as the neighbour stigmal area and the body depressed dorso-ventrally ( Figs. 673–678 ).................................. 11

4 Median carina of pronotum with a thin longitudinal sulcus, distinct only at anterior end ( Figs. 537–538 ); found in Greece and Western Turkey................................................................ ( N. bulgaricus sp. group)...5

- Median carina of pronotum with a wide sulcus along its length ( Figs. 539–540 ); found in Georgia and Eastern Turkey.................................................................................. ( N. rimansonae sp. group)... 8

5 First abdominal tergite without tympanum, if present very smaller than the neighbour stigmal area ( Figs. 543–544 )...... 6

- First abdominal tergite always with a large tympanum, almost as large as the neighbour stigmal area ( Figs. 541–542 )..... 7

6 Median carina of pronotum straight in lateral view ( Fig. 627 ); inner surface of hind tibia black; prosternum collar-shaped, not pointed in the middle ( Fig. 545 ); fastigium of vertex strongly depressed ( Fig. 546 ). Male unknown...................................................................................................... N. istanbul Ünal sp. nov.

- Median carina of pronotum distinctly convex in lateral view ( Fig. 626 ); inner surface of hind tibia bright red or yellow; prosternum pointed with a spine like median projection ( Fig. 547 ); fastigium of vertex of female slightly depressed ( Fig. 548 )............................................................................. N. bulgaricus (Ebner & Drenowski)

7 Median carina of pronotum distinctly raised, convex in lateral view ( Figs. 618–620 ); anterior margin of prosternum strongly raised, collar-shaped, broadly rounded ( Figs. 549–550 ); inner surface of hind tibia black or reddish-black; body larger and stouter...................................................................... N. furvus furvus (Mistshenko)

- Median carina of pronotum distinctly straighter or almost straight (especially in female) in lateral view ( Figs. 621–622 ); anterior margin of prosternum clearly less raised, pointed with a distinct median projection ( Figs. 551–552 ); inner surface of hind tibia bright light red; body smaller and more slender; male phallic complex as in Figs. 65 a, b, c.................................................................................................. N. furvus kazdagi Ünal , ssp. nov.

8 Inner surface of hind tibia black, bluish-black or dark blue.................................................... 9

- Inner surface of hind tibia yellow, red or on yellowish ground with light blue or greenish stains..................... 10

9 Inner surface of hind tibia bluish-black in male, blue or blackish-blue in female; ventral surface of hind femur red; male head and pronotum as in Fig. 631 ; found in East Turkey.......................................... N. kosswigi (Karabağ)

- I nner surface of hind tibia pale dirty black in male, blackish (without blue) in female; ventral surface of hind femur blackish or body color; male head and pronotum as in Fig. 637 ; found in Georgia........................ N. granosus (Mistshenko)

10 Male pronotum wide in dorsal view ( Fig. 553 ), lateral carinae well developed, sharply raised ( Fig. 629 ); fastigium of vertex narrower and elongated ( Fig. 553 ); inner surface of hind tibia red, dirty red in both sexes; inner surface of hind femur blackishred, ventral surface red in female; inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur pale light red in male; found in Georgia........................................................................................ N. rimansonae (Uvarov)

- Male pronotum narrow in dorsal view ( Fig. 554 ), lateral carinae of pronotum weak and blunt ( Fig. 633 ); fastigium of vertex short and narrow ( Fig. 554 ); inner surface of hind tibia yellow in male, light blue or yellow with bluish-green dorsal side in female; found in central part of eastern Turkey; male phallic complex as in Figs. 66 a, b, c......... N. tunceli Ünal , sp. nov.

11 Body large, stout, depressed dorso-ventrally and distinctly wider in dorsal view ( Figs. 644, 646, 648, 650 ) (width of pronotum in male more than 4.8 anteriorly, 6.7 mm posteriorly; in female more than 7 anteriorly, 10.4 mm posteriorly except N. cejchani sp. nov. that found in central Turkey).................................................................... 12

- Body smaller, very slender, relatively compressed and distinctly narrower in dorsal view ( Figs. 681, 682, 690, 692 ) (width of pronotum in male at most 4.4 anteriorly, 6 mm posteriorly; in female at most 6.8 anteriorly, 9.6 mm posteriorly); found in N. Caucasia and S.E. of Turkey ( N. latipes sp. group)........................................................ 2 7

12 Body clearly less depressed dorso-ventrally ( Figs. 653–654 ); the area between median and lateral carinae of pronotum strongly sloping (more vertical); head larger, distinctly wider than anterior margin of pronotum, therefore head and pronotum not forming a regular triangular shape in dorsal view ( Fig. 555 ); pronotum mostly convex in lateral view................................................................................................. ( N. bodenheimeri sp. group)...13

- Body strongly depressed dorso-ventrally ( Figs. 663–664 ). The area between median and lateral carinae of pronotum slightly sloping (more horizontal); head smaller, as wide as or slightly wider than anterior margin of pronotum, therefore head and pronotum forming a regular triangular shape in dorsal view ( Fig. 556 ); pronotum mostly almost straight in lateral view..................................................................................... ( N. rubripes sp. group)...21

13 Head large, projected forwards ( Fig. 557 ); found in highlands of the Bolkar Mountains in S. Turkey (inner surface and inner half of ventral surface of hind femur pale black, outer half of ventral surface red; inner surface of hind tibia black with its spines, outer spines yellow. Tarsus red). Male unknow....................................... N. tauricolus Ramme

- Head distinctly smaller, slightly projected forwards ( Fig. 558 )................................................ 14

14 Body quite large and stout ( Figs. 639–650 ), male more than 21 mm, female more than 40 mm; found in the mountains of the inner Aegean Region and the Lakes Region of Turkey (W. Turkey)............................................ 15

- Body smaller and more slender ( Figs. 651–661 ), male less than 20 mm, female less than 40 mm; found in the central and N.E. Turkey............................................................................................ 18

15 Prosternum with a distinct, sharply pointed median projection ( Fig. 559 ); inner surface of hind tibia bright red in both sexes; typical light bands on paranota present; found in the Mt. Uludağ.................................. N. burri (Uvarov)

- Prosternum raised as collar-shape or almost triangularly, not pointed; if slightly pointed in the middle then clearly broad and blunt ( Figs. 560–563 ); inner surface of hind tibia black in male, yellow or blue in female, if orange-red in both sexes (only N. emirdagi sp. nov.) then typical light bands on paranota indistinct.............................................. 16

16 Prosternum lower, narrow triangular, or very narrowly rounded, not sinuous ( Fig. 560 ); lateral carinae of pronotum very distinct; body clearly depressed dorso-ventrally ( Fig. 641–642 ) (inner surface of hind tibia black in male, yellow or slightly orange in female; paranota with typical light bands)........................................... N.sureyana Ramme

- Prosternum strongly raised, collar-shaped, irregularly sinuous or broadly rounded ( Figs. 561–563 ); lateral carinae of pronotum weaker; body less depressed dorso-ventrally ( Figs. 643, 645, 647, 649 )........................................ 17

17 Typical light bands on paranota distinct ( Fig. 564 ); inner surface of hind tibia black in male, light or dark blue with yellow spines, rarely reddish apically in female; male phallic complex as in Figs. 67 a, b, c; found in the montains of the Lakes Region of Turkey....................................................... N. tardus Ünal, Bugrov & Jetybayev , sp. nov.

- Typical light bands on paranota indistinct ( Fig. 565 ); inner surface of hind tibia orange-red in both sexes; male phallic complex as in Figs. 68 a, b, c; found in the Mt. Emirdağ......................................... N. emirdagi Ünal , sp. nov.

18 Inner surface of hind tibia orange-red in both sexes, sometimes with a black stripe along its ventral side; found in N. of central Anatolia............................................................................. N. idrisi (Karabağ)

- Inner surface of hind tibia black or blue; if male tibia red, blackish-red, yellow or orange-red ( N. cinerascens ) its female tibia at least with blue pattern; found in central and N.E. Anatolia................................................. 19

19 Body distinctly slender and small ( Figs. 655–658 ); female relatively more compressed laterally with weaker lateral carinae; fastigium of vertex strongly sloping especially in male ( Fig. 566 ); male phallic complex as in Figs. 69 a, b, c; (inner surface of hind tibia in male black, in female light blue or on yellowish cream ground with blue stains).... N. cejchani Ünal , sp. nov.

- Body stouter and larger ( Figs. 653–654, 659–660 ); female more depressed dorso-ventrally with very distinct lateral carinae; fastigium of vertex horizontal (in types of N. cinerascens ) or slightly sloping ( Figs. 567–568 )...................... 20

20 Inner surface of hind tibia yellow (in male holotype), orange-red, red, or rarely blackish-red in male; from light to dark blue (never black), rarely with yellowish-reddish distal part in female; pronotal carinae less raised ( Fig. 570 ); the area between the median and lateral carinae less depressed; found in N.W. Turkey............................. N. cinerascens Ramme

- Inner surface of hind tibia in both sexes black with yellow spines, rarely inner spines reddish; pronotal carinae distinctly more raised ( Fig. 569 ); the area between the median and lateral carinae clearly more depressed; found in central Turkey........................................................................................ N. bodenheimeri (Uvarov)

21 Median carina of pronotum with a thin longitudinal sulcus which distinct in anterior part then narrowing or disappearing backwards ( Figs. 571, 574 )............................................................................... 22

- Median carina of pronotum with a very wide longitudinal sulcus along its length ( Figs. 572–573 ).................... 25

22 Female hind tibia yellow with a short and thin reddish stripe apically; inner surface of hind femur red (slightly blackish), ventral surface red; inner surface of hind tarsus red (body and pronotum distinctly depressed dorso-ventrally) ( Fig. 662 ). Male unknown........................................................................ N. acinosus (Mistshenko)

- Female hind tibia black, bluish- or greenish-black, blue, rarely orange-red; inner surface of hind femur in female black, sometimes reddish basally................................................................................ 23

23 Body as in Figs. 663–664 ; inner surface of hind tibia in male bright red (in typical form), orange-red including spines (or with black spines), blackish-red or rarely black in proximal part turning to red apically; in female very variable even in the same habitat: black, bluish-black, blue including spines or with orange red spines; or proximal part of tibia blue-black turning to orange-red apically with orange-red spines; or rarely tibia wholly orange-red with yellow-orange spines; inner surface of hind femur in male red, reddish, reddish-black or at least with reddish ventral carina; in female black, with reddish proximal part............................................................................... N. rubripes (Motschulsky)

- Body as in Figs. 665–668 ; inner surface of hind tibia in both sexes black, bluish- or greenish-black including spines (never red); hind femur with black inner and ventral surfaces...................................................... 24

24 Arch of zygoma narrow; posterior lobes of zygoma wide and elongated; apodemes without apical notch; median carina of pronotum with a thin but distinct longitudinal sulcus along its length, slightly narrowing backwards ( Fig. 574 ); dorsal margin of inner side of hind femur yellowish-cream in both sexes (hind tibia mainly black with its spines in both sexes); found only in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey....................................................... N. ponticus Ramme

- Arch of zygoma wide; posterior lobes of zygoma narrow and very short, compressed antero-posteriorly; apodemes with distinct apical notch; median carina of pronotum with a longitudinal sulcus, wide at anterior end then strongly narrowing or disappearing backwards ( Fig. 571 ); dorsal margin of inner side of hind femur red (indistinct in some males) (hind tibia with black inner surface, with dark bluish-greenish dorsal surface); found only in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey................................................................................................. N. demirsoyi Ünal

25 First abdominal segment with a distinct tympanum, as large as the neighbour stigmal area or slightly larger ( Fig. 535 ); arch of zygoma wide; posterior lobes of zygoma narrow ( Fig. 71 b); body relatively compressed laterally ( Figs. 673–676 ); male phallic complex as in Figs. 71 a, b, c....................................................... N. judithae Ünal , sp. nov.

- First abdominal segment without tympanum; arch of zygoma wide; posterior lobes of zygoma narrow ( Fig. 70 b); body strongly depressed dorso-ventrally ( Figs. 669–672 )........................................................ 26

26 Frons in female strongly sloping ( Fig. 575 ); hind femur with black ventral surface in both sexes, rarely blackish-red; hind tibia black or bluish-black in typical forms or rarely apical half dark red (in Caucasia); male phallic complex as in Figs. 70 a, b, c, d;

found in Caucasia, Armenia and N.E. Turkey.......................................... N. cyanipes (Motschulsky) - Frons in female almost vertical ( Fig. 576 ); hind femur with red ventral surface in both sexes; hind tibia pale yellowish in male, pale blackish-grey with a short and thin reddish stripe apically in female; found in Georgia, Adzharia, Mt. Mereti. ............................................................................................ N. curtus Mistshenko

27 First abdominal tergite with a distinct tympanum, slightly larger than the neighbour stigmal area ( Fig. 536 ); eye broad, almost as wide as long ( Fig. 577 ); body very small (female body: 25.5 mm)......................... N. minutus Ünal , sp. nov.

- First abdominal tergite without tympanum; eye narrow, oval, distinctly narrower than long ( Figs. 578–579 ); body mostly very larger (female body: at least 30.3 mm) except N. palandoken sp. nov. which is also larger even in the shrunken females (26– 34.2 mm)......................................................................................... 28

28 Prosternum collar-shaped, wholly raised triangularly or rounded ( Figs. 580–582 ); hind femur narrower as in Fig. 584 ; male hind tibia dark red...................................................................................29

- Prosternum pointed with a narrow, sharp, median projection ( Fig. 583 ); hind femur wider as in Fig. 585 ; male hind tibia black or orange-red...................................................................................... 30

29 Median carina of pronotum with a very wide longitudinal sulcus, slightly narrowing backwards ( Fig. 586 ); pronotum clearly more depressed dorso-ventrally; female pronotum slender, with very distinct lateral carinae ( Fig. 587 ); male phallic complex as in Figs. 72 a, b, c............................................................... N. karadagi Ünal , sp. nov.

- Median carina of pronotum with a very thin longitudinal sulcus, widened only anterior end, strongly narrowing backwards ( Fig. 588 ); pronotum less depressed dorso-ventrally; female pronotum clearly stouter, with weak lateral carinae ( Fig. 589 ); male phallic complex as in Figs. 73 a, b, c........................................... N. palandoken Ünal , sp. nov.

30 Pronotum large (length in male 5, in female 8 mm) ( Figs. 687–688 ); male hind femur high, 2.4 times longer than its height ( Fig. 590 ); female hind tibia bicolored, proximal part bluish-green turning to red in distal part; found in N. Caucasia............................................................................................. N. latipes Uvarov

- Pronotum small (length at most in male 4.3, in female 7 mm) ( Figs. 689, 691, 693, 694 ); male hind femur lower, at least 2.6 times longer than its height ( Fig. 591 ); female hind tibia unicolor black or dark blue; found in S.E. Turkey............ 31

31 Male hind tibia black; prosternum with a narrow, small and sharply pointed median projection; posterior lobes of zygoma narrow ( Fig. 74 b); male phallic complex as in Figs. 74 a, b, c............................... N. monticolus Ünal , sp. nov.

- Male hind tibia orange; prosternum with a wider, bigger and more rounded median projection (tongue shaped); posterior lobes of zygoma wider ( Fig. 75 b); male phallic complex as in Figs. 75 a, b, c.......................... N. van Ünal , sp. nov.

32 Inner surface of hind tibia yellow, orange or red in both sexes; if dark blue in female ( N. tridentatus ) its distal part or/and spines turning to red................................................................................. 33

- Inner surface of hind tibia black, dark blue or bluish in both sexes............................................ 38

33 I nner and ventral surfaces of hind femur red, reddish, blackish-red or yellowish-cream; if black then female hind tibia dark blue turning to red in apical 1/4 ( N. tridentatus ); found in N.E. Turkey............................................. 34

- Inner and ventral surfaces of hind femur black; if with a red part then hind tibia in both sexes yellow to red; found in W., S. and N.W. Turkey....................................................................................... 35

34 Vertex narrow in both sexes; male vertex 0.7 times narrower, female vertex as wide as vertical diameter of eye ( Fig. 592 ); hind tibia yellow or orange in male, yellow, with reddish tinge in some specimens in female; female prosternum with a distinct median projection ( Fig. 593 ); arch of zygoma narrow and long............................. N. elegans (Mistshenko)

- Vertex wide; male vertex as wide as, female vertex 1.5 times wider than vertical diameter of eye ( Fig. 594 ); hind tibia red in male, dark blue (blackish) turning to red in apical 1/4 including spines in female; female prosternum with tridentate median projections ( Fig. 595 ); arch of zygoma wide and short............................... N. tridentatus (Stshelkanovtzev)

35 Body strongly compressed laterally, high in lateral view ( Fig. 596 ), head narrow in frontal view ( Fig. 597 ); height of pronotum in male more than 6, in female more than 9.5 mm (hind tibia pale yellow in typical forms, or slightly greenish yellow or slightly orange; found in N.W. Anatolia)................................................... N. tecticollis Ramme

- Body clearly less compressed laterally, low in lateral view ( Fig. 598 ); height of pronotum in male less than 5, in female less than 9.3 mm ....................................................................................... 36

36 Posterior lobes of zygoma very short, compressed antero-posteriorly; apodemes without apical notch, apex blunt; hind tibia lemon yellow in both sexes; female vertex narrower than vertical diameter of eye ( Fig. 599 ); found in S.W. Anatolia........................................................................................... N. citripes (Uvarov)

- Posterior lobes of zygoma elongated; apodemes with apical notch, apex more acute; hind tibia orange in both sexes (except female of N. karshitoros sp.nov. that yellow); female vertex wider than vertical diameter of eye ( Fig. 600 )............. 37

37 Arch of zygoma narrow; median carina of pronotum slightly raised ( Fig. 601 ); fastigium of vertex relatively depressed; hind tibia in both sexes orange; found in N. Turkey.............................................. N. sabulosus Ramme

- Arch of zygoma distinctly wider ( Fig. 76 b); median carina of pronotum not raised, more tectiform ( Fig. 602 ); fastigium of vertex flat in typical forms; hind tibia in male orange, in female yellow; male phallic complex as in Figs. 76 a, b, c; found in the eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey (S. Turkey).................................. N. karshitoros Ünal , sp. nov.

38 First abdominal segment with a distinct tympanum, as large as the neighbour stigmal area ( Fig. 603 ); body large and high; height of pronotum more than 9.6 mm; hind tibia light blue or on yellowish-cream ground with blue stains.............................................................................................. N. dilekensis Ünal , sp. nov.

- First abdominal segment without tympanum or with a very strongly reduced, vestigial one ( Figs. 604, 607 ); body small and low; height of pronotum less than 9 mm; hind tibia darkened, dark blue, blackish-blue or black..................... 39

39 Body distinctly stouter ( Figs. 711–714 ); prosternum raised, collar-shaped, not pointed ( Fig. 605–606 ); hind femur stout, distinctly widened in proximal part, dorsal margin with more distinct teeth ( Fig. 611 ); vertex swollen; male fastigium of vertex short and wide, more depressed and strongly sloping; hind tibia in both sexes bright black; male phallic complex as in Figs.

77a, b, c....................................................................... N. goektepe Ünal , sp. nov. - Body slender ( Figs. 699–700 , 715–716 ) prosternum raised with triangular or spine-like median projection, clearly pointed ( Fig. 608–610 ); hind femur slender, not strongly widened in proximal part, dorsal margin with indistinct teeth ( Figs. 612–613 ); fastigium of vertex clearly more horizontal and vertex not swollen in N. subrubratus , elongated and narrower in male of N. citripes ; hind tibia in male blue or black, in female dark blue or pale black........................................40

40 Fastigium of vertex sloping, distinctly elongated in male ( Fig. 614 ); pronotum with smooth surface, lateral carinae absent; hind tibia in male black, in female dark blue; found in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey..... N. bicoloripes (Uvarov)

- Fastigium of vertex clearly more horizontal, short in male ( Fig. 615 ); pronotum with tuberculated surface, lateral carinae weak; hind tibia in male black, in female blue, greenish-blue rarely pale black; found in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey.................................................................................. N. subrubratus Ramme

41 Male eye oval, 1.25 times longer than wide ( Fig. 616 ); body larger and stouter ( Figs. 721–722 ); hind tibia in both sexes light bright red; found in N.W. Anatolia.................................................... N. niethammeri (Ramme)

- Male eye very broad, as long as wide ( Fig. 617 ); body smaller and relatively more slender ( Figs. 723–726 ); hind tibia in male black, in female dark blue; male phallic complex as in Figs. 78 a, b, c; found in the E. of central Anatolia............................................................................................... N. crassipes Ünal , sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 522 – 554. Body parts. 522 – 527 hind femur, 522 Nocaracris niethammeri, male; 523 ditto female; 524 Nocaracris crassipes, male holotype; 525 ditto female paratype; 526 Nocaracris subrubratus, male paratype; 527 Nocaracris karshitoros, female paratype. 528 – 531 pronotal carinae in female, 528 Nocaracris bicoloripes; 529 Nocaracris dilekensis, holotype; 530 Nocaracris bodenheimeri; 531 Nocaracris burri. 532 – 536 female tympanum, 532 Nocaracris tunceli, paratype; 533 Nocaracris kosswigi; 534 Nocaracris bodenheimeri, without tympanum; 535 Nocaracris judithae; 536 Nocaracris minutus. 537 – 540 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in female, 537 Nocaracris bulgaricus; 538 Nocaracris furvus furvus; 539 Nocaracris kosswigi; 540 Nocaracris tunceli, paratype. 541 – 544 female tympanum, 541 Nocaracris furvus furvus; 542 Nocaracris furvus kazdagi, paratype; 543 Nocaracris bulgaricus; 544 Nocaracris istanbul, holotype, without tympanum (right side). 545 – 546 Nocaracris istanbul, female holotype, 545 prosternum; 546 fastigium of vertex; 547 – 548 Nocaracris bulgaricus, 547 prosternum; 548 fastigium of vertex. 549 – 552 prosternum, 549 Nocaracris furvus furvus, male; 550 ditto female; 551 Nocaracris furvus kazdagi, male paratype; 552 ditto female paratype. 553 – 554 male fastigium of vertex, 553 Nocaracris rimansonae, lectotype; 554 Nocaracris tunceli, holotype.

FIGURES 625 – 638. Habitus. 625 – 626 Nocaracris bulgaricus, 625 male syntype; 626 female syntype. 627 – 628 Nocaracris istanbul, female holotype, 627 lateral view; 628 ditto dorsal. 629 – 630 Nocaracris rimansonae, 629 male lectotype; 630 female paralectotype. 631 – 632 Nocaracris kosswigi, 631 male holotype; 632 female paratype. 633 – 636 Nocaracris tunceli, 633 male holotype; 634 ditto dorsal; 635 female paratype; 636 ditto dorsal. 637 – 638 Nocaracris granosus, 637 male; 638 female holotype.

FIGURES 653 – 666. Habitus. 653 – 654 Nocaracris bodenheimeri, 653 male; 654 female. 655 – 658 Nocaracris cejchani, 655 male holotype; 656 ditto dorsal; 657 female paratype; 658 ditto dorsal. 659 – 660 Nocaracris cinerascens, 659 male holotype; 660 female paratype. 661 Nocaracris tauricolus, female holotype. 662 Nocaracris acinosus, female holotype. 663 – 664 Nocaracris rubripes, 663 male; 664 female. 665 – 666 Nocaracris ponticus, 665 male holotype; 666 female allotype.

FIGURES 667 – 680. Habitus. 667 – 668 Nocaracris demirsoyi, 667 male; 668 female holotype. 669 – 670 Nocaracris cyanipes, 669 male; 670 female. 671 – 672 Nocaracris curtus, 671 male holotype; 672 female allotype. 673 – 676 Nocaracris judithae, 673 male holotype; 674 ditto dorsal; 675 female paratype; 676 ditto dorsal. 677 – 678 Nocaracris minutus, female holotype, 677 lateral view; 678 ditto dorsal. 679 – 680 Nocaracris karadagi, 679 male holotype; 680 female paratype.

FIGURES 611 – 624. Body parts and habitus. 611 – 613 male hind femur, 611 Nocaracris goektepe, holotype; 612 Nocaracris subrubratus, paratype; 613 Nocaracris bicoloripes. 614 – 615 male fastigium of vertex, lateral, 614 Nocaracris bicoloripes, 615 Nocaracris subrubratus, paratype. 616 – 617 male eye, 616 Nocaracris niethammeri; 617 Nocaracris crassipes, holotype. 618 – 620 Nocaracris furvus furvus, 618 male holotype; 619 male, not a type; 620 female, not a type. 621 – 624 Nocaracris furvus kazdagi, 621 male holotype; 622 ditto dorsal; 623 female paratype; 624 ditto dorsal.

FIGURES 55 – 68. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 55 Paranothrotes sulcatus; 56 Paranothrotes opacus opacus; 57 Paranothrotes eximius bitlis; 58 Paranothrotes gotvendicus; 59 Paranothrotes tenuicornis; 60 Paranothrotes margaritae; 61 Paranothrotes siirt; 62 Pseudonothrotes levis; 63 Eunothrotes derjugini; 64 Neoparanothrotes borumandi; 65 Nocaracris furvus kazdagi; 66 Nocaracris tunceli; 67 Nocaracris tardus; 68 Nocaracris emirdagi. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 639 – 652. Habitus. 639 – 640 Nocaracris burri, 639 male topotype; 640 female topotype. 641 – 642 Nocaracris sureyana, 641 male; 642 female. 643 – 646 Nocaracris tardus, 643 male holotype; 644 ditto dorsal; 645 female paratype; 646 ditto female. 647 – 650 Nocaracris emirdagi, 647 male holotype; 648 ditto dorsal; 649 female paratype; 650 ditto female. 651 – 652 Nocaracris idrisi, 651 male; 652 female paratype.

FIGURES 681 – 694. Habitus. 681 – 682 Nocaracris karadagi, 681 male holotype dorsal; 682 female paratype dorsal. 683 – 686 Nocaracris palandoken, 683 male holotype; 684 ditto dorsal; 685 female paratype; 686 ditto dorsal. 687 – 688 Nocaracris latipes, 687 male paratype; 688 female holotype. 689 – 692 Nocaracris monticolus, 689 male holotype; 690 ditto dorsal; 691 female paratype; 692 ditto dorsal. 693 – 694 Nocaracris van, 693 male holotype; 694 female paratype.

FIGURES 555 – 583. Body parts. 555 – 556 male head and pronotum, 555 Nocaracris cinerascens, holotype; 556 Nocaracris ponticus, holotype. 557 – 558 female head, 557 Nocaracris tauricolus, holotype; 558 Nocaracris burri, topotype. 559 – 563 female prosternum, 559 Nocaracris burri; 560 Nocaracris sureyana; 561 and 562 Nocaracris tardus, paratypes; 563 Nocaracris emirdagi, paratype. 564 – 565 typical light band on pronotum in male, 564 Nocaracris tardus, holotype; 565 Nocaracris emirdagi, holotype, without light band. 566 – 568 male fastigium of vertex, lateral view, 566 Nocaracris cejchani, holotype; 567 Nocaracris bodenheimeri; 568 Nocaracris cinerascens, holotype. 569 – 570 female pronotum, 569 Nocaracris bodenheimeri; 570 Nocaracris cinerascens. 571 – 574 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum in female, 571 Nocaracris demirsoyi; 572 Nocaracris cyanipes; 573 Nocaracris curtus, allotype; 574 Nocaracris ponticus, allotype. 575 – 576 female frons, lateral view, 575 Nocaracris cyanipes; 576 Nocaracris curtus, allotype. 577 – 579 female eye, 577 Nocaracris minutus, holotype; 578 Nocaracris karadagi, paratype; 579 Nocaracris van, paratype. 580 – 583 female prosternum, 580 Nocaracris palandoken, paratype; 581 and 582 Nocaracris karadagi, paratypes; 583 Nocaracris monticolus, paratype.

FIGURES 69 – 82. Male phallic complex. a phallus lateral, b phallus dorsal, c epiphallus, d phallus posterior view. 69 Nocaracris cejchani; 70 Nocaracris cyanipes; 71 Nocaracris judithae; 72 Nocaracris karadagi; 73 Nocaracris palandoken; 74 Nocaracris monticolus; 75 Nocaracris van; 76 Nocaracris karshitoros; 77 Nocaracris goektepe; 78 Nocaracris crassipes; 79 Turkanocaracris levigatus; 80 Turkanocaracris davisi; 81 Araxiana woronowi; 82 Nocarodes serricollis. Scales 1 mm (short scale for a, b, c; long scale for d).

FIGURES 584 – 610. Body parts. 584 – 585 female hind femur, 584 Nocaracris karadagi, paratype; 585 Nocaracris monticolus, paratype. 586 – 587 Nocaracris karadagi, female paratype, 586 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum; 587 pronotal carinae. 588 – 589 Nocaracris palandoken, female paratype, 588 longitudinal sulcus of pronotum; 589 pronotal carinae. 590 – 591 male hind femur, 590 Nocaracris latipes, paratype; 591 Nocaracris monticolus, holotype. 592 – 593 Nocaracris elegans, female, 592 vertex and eye; 593 prosternum. 594 – 595 Nocaracris tridentatus, female, 594 vertex and eye; 595 prosternum. 596 – 597 Nocaracris tecticollis, female holotype, 596 body high; 597 head frontal view; 598 Nocaracris citripes, paratype, body low. 599 – 600 female vertex, 599 Nocaracris citripes; 600 Nocaracris karshitoros, paratype. 601 – 602 male pronotal carinae, 601 Nocaracris sabulosus; 602 Nocaracris karshitoros. 603 Nocaracris dilekensis, female tympanum. 604 – 606 Nocaracris goektepe, 604 without tympanum, female; 605 male prosternum; 606 female prosternum. 607 – 609 Nocaracris bicoloripes, 607 without tympanum, female; 608 male prosternum; 609 female prosternum. 610 Nocaracris subrubratus, female prosternum.

FIGURES 709 – 722. Habitus. 709 – 710 Nocaracris karshitoros, 709 male holotype dorsal; 710 female paratype dorsal. 711 – 714 Nocaracris goektepe, 711 male holotype; 712 ditto dorsal; 713 female paratype; 714 ditto dorsal. 715 – 716 Nocaracris subrubratus, 715 male holotype; 716 female paratype. 717 – 718 Nocaracris elegans, 717 male holotype; 718 female allotype. 719 – 720 Nocaracris tridentatus, 719 male holotype; 720 female allotype. 721 – 722 Nocaracris niethammeri, 721 male; 722 female holotype.

FIGURES 695 – 708. Habitus. 695 – 696 Nocaracris van, 695 male holotype dorsal; 696 female paratype dorsal. 697 – 698 Nocaracris citripes, 697 male holotype; 698 female paratype. 699 – 700 Nocaracris bicoloripes, 699 male; 700 female holotype. 701 – 702 Nocaracris dilekensis, 701 female holotype; 702 ditto dorsal. 703 – 704 Nocaracris tecticollis, 703 male; 704 female holotype. 705 – 706 Nocaracris sabulosus, 705 male; 706 female. 707 – 708 Nocaracris karshitoros, 707 male holotype, mirror view; 708 female paratype.

FIGURES 723 – 742. Habitus and body parts. 723 – 726 Nocaracris crassipes, 723 male holotype; 724 ditto dorsal; 725 female paratype; 726 ditto dorsal. 727 – 738 Turkanocaracris levigatus, 727 male holotype; 728 ditto dorsal; 729 female paratype; 730 ditto dorsal; 731 male head and pronotum; 732 ditto dorsal; 733 male tympanum; 734 male prosternum; 735 male head, frontal view; 736 female head and pronotum; 737 ditto dorsal; 738 female head, frontal view. 739 – 742 Turkanocaracris davisi, 739 male without tympanum; 740 male prosternum; 741 male habitus; 742 ditto dorsal.