Rinodina zeorina B.G. Lee & J.-S. Hur, 2022

Lee, Beeyoung Gun & Hur, Jae-Seoun, 2022, Two new Rinodina lichens from South Korea, with an updated key to the species of Rinodina in the far eastern Asia, MycoKeys 87, pp. 159-182 : 159

Rinodina zeorina B.G. Lee & J.-S. Hur sp. nov.

Fig. 5

Diagnosis.

Rinodina zeorina differs from R. hypobadia by areolate, brownish thallus, apothecia without pruina, hyaline and wider parathecium, narrower paraphyses with hyaline and unswollen tips, longer and narrower ascospores with just angular to globose lumina, and the absence of pannarin.

Type.

South Korea, North Gyeongsang Province, Bonghwa-gun, Seokpo-myeon, Mt. Cheongok , 37°01.89'N, 128°58.65'E, 1,104 m alt., on bark of Quercus mongolica , 16 June 2020, B.G. Lee & H.J. Lee 2020-000733, with Biatora sp., Lecidella euphorea ( Flörke) Kremp., Pertusaria multipuncta (Turner) Nyl., and Sagiolechia sp. (holotype: BDNA-L-0000933; GenBank MW832817 for ITS) .

Thallus corticolous, crustose, areolate, rimose to continuous, thin, light gray to light brownish gray, margin indeterminate or determinate with prothallus, vegetative propagules absent, 160-250 mm diam., 80-170 μm thick, areoles 0.1-0.5 mm diam.; cortex brown, 5-8 μm thick, with epinecral layer, hyaline, 3-7 μm thick; medulla 35-40 μm thick, intermixed with algal cells, without crystals (PL-); photobiont coccoid, cells globose, 5-9 μm. Prothallus absent or brownish black when present.

Apothecia abundant, rounded, erumpent in the beginning and sessile when mature, constricted at the base, 0.2-0.6 mm diam. Disc flat, not pruinose but epinecral debris shown in water, black to dark brown from early stages, 150-200 μm thick; margin persistent, prominent, generally entire or a little crenulate, concolorous to thallus. Amphithecium well-developed, with small crystals in the algal-containing medulla and particularly near the base, dissolving in K, 70-90 μm wide laterally, algal cells evenly distributed from periphery to base, 10-15 μm diam., cortical layer brownish, cortical cells granular, 2-3 μm diam., with epinecral layer, up to 5 μm thick. Parathecium hyaline but light brown at periphery, 5-10 μm wide laterally and 20-50 μm wide at periphery. Epihymenium red-brown, small granules not dissolving in K, 8-10 μm high. Hymenium hyaline, 90-95 μm high. Hypothecium brown with olive pigment in upper part, prosoplectenchymatous (irregular), 60-65 μm high. Oil droplets present a little in hypothecium. Paraphyses septate, anastomosing, 0.5-1 μm wide, simple or branched at tips, tips generally not swollen or little swollen, not pigmented, epihymenium pigmented by small granules, not by paraphysial tips, up to 1.5 μm wide. Asci clavate, 8-spored, 60-75 × 15-21 μm (n = 3). Ascospores ellipsoid, 1-septate, Dirinaria - type but lumina angular to globose, Type B development not detected, septum inflated a little or not, without a torus, hyaline when young and generally brown or dark brown in mature, 11-20 × 5-8.5 μm (mean = 15.4 × 7.1 μm; SD = 1.77(L), 0.70(W); L/W ratio 1.5-3.4, ratio mean = 2.2, ratio SD = 0.3; n = 105). Pycnidia raised, asymmetric, 175-225 μm wide. Pycnoconidia bacilliform, 3-4 × 0.5 μm.

Chemistry.

Thallus K-, KC-, C-, Pd-. Hymenium I+ blue. UV-. Zeorin was detected by TLC.

Distribution and ecology.

The species occurs on the bark of Quercus mongolica , Tilia amurensis Rupr., and Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim. The species is currently known from a humid forest and a forested wetland of two mountainous sites.

Etymology.

The species epithet indicates that the lichen’s substance, zeorin, is a major compound.

Notes.

The new species is similar to R. hypobadia , R. sheardii , and R. sp. A in having a pigmented hypothecium. However, the new species differs from R. hypobadia by areolate, brownish thallus, apothecia without pruina, hyaline and wider parathecium, narrower paraphyses with hyaline and unswollen tips, longer and narrower ascospores with just angular to globose lumina, and the absence of pannarin ( Sheard et al. 2017).

The new species differs from Rinodina sheardii by the absence of vegetative propagules, and Dirinaria -type ascospores in smaller size ( Sheard et al. 2017).

The new species differs from Rinodina sp. A by wider parathecium, narrower paraphyses with swollen tips, smaller ascospores Dirinaria -type, and the absence of pannarin ( Sheard et al. 2017).

The new species can be compared with R. manshurica and R. aff. oleae in having erumpent apothecia, small ascospores(<21 μm long) with swollen septum among corticolous species. However, the new species differs from R. manshurica by crystals present in the amphithecium, wider parathecium, narrower paraphyses without swollen tips, pigmented hypothecium, and longer and narrower ascospores ( Tønsberg 1992; Sheard et al. 2017).

The new species is distinguished from R. aff. oleae by narrower ascospores, and pigmented hypothecium (vs. hyaline hypothecium) ( Sheard et al. 2017). Reference Table 3 provides the key characteristics distinguishing R. zeorina from the compared species above.

The new species is compared further with other Rinodina species having the substance zeorin, R. ascociscana (Tuck.) Tuck., R. buckii Sheard, R. efflorescens Malme, R. luteonigra Zahlbr., R. subalbida (Nyl.) Vain., R. subminuta H. Magn., and R. willeyi Sheard & Giralt. However, all of them are different from the new species because those species represent larger ascospores in Physcia - to Physconia -type for R. ascociscana ; sorediate thallus, mostly light brown hypothecium and Teichophila -type ascospores and the presence of pannarin for R. buckii ; sorediate thallus, colorless hypothecium, Pachysporaria -type ascospores and the presence of pannarin and secalonic acid A for R. efflorescens ; colorless hypothecium, larger ascospores in Pachysporaria -type and the presence of thiomelin for R. luteonigra ; larger spores in Pachysporaria -type and the presence of pannarin for R. subalbida ; larger spores in Physcia -type for R. subminuta ; sorediate thallus and the presence of pannarin for R. willeyi (Sheard et al. 2012, 2017).

Additional specimens examined.

South Korea, Gangwon Province, Pyeongchang-gun, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Heonggye-ri , a forested wetland, 37°46.00'N, 128°42.33'E, 1,047 m alt., on bark of Maackia amurensis , 03 June 2020, B.G. Lee & H.J.Lee 2020-000442, with Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd, Buellia sp., Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) J. Steiner, Lecanora megalocheila (Hue) H. Miyaw., Lecanora symmicta (Ach.) Ach., Lecidella euphorea , and Lambiella cf. caeca (J. Lowe) Resl & T. Sprib. (BDNA-L-0000642; GenBank MW832812 for ITS) ; same locality, 37°46'0.02"N, 128°42'19.58"E, 1,047 m alt., on bark of Maackia amurensis , 03 June 2020, B.G. Lee & H.J.Lee 2020-000446 (BDNA-L-0000646; GenBank MW832813 for ITS) ; same locality, 37°46.00'N, 128°42.33'E, 1,047 m alt., on bark of Maackia amurensis , 03 June 2020, B.G. Lee & H.J.Lee 2020-000450 (BDNA-L-0000650; GenBank MW832814 for ITS) ; same locality, 37°46.00'N, 128°42.33'E, 1,047 m alt., on bark of Maackia amurensis , 03 June 2020, B.G. Lee & H.J.Lee 2020-000451 (BDNA-L-0000651; GenBank MW832815 for ITS) ; same locality, 37°46.00'N, 128°42.33'E, 1,047 m alt., on bark of Tilia amurensis , 03 June 2020, B.G. Lee & H.J.Lee 2020-000468, with Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid., Bacidia aff. beckhausii Körb., Catillaria sp., Micarea prasina Fr., Phaeophyscia limbata (Poelt) Kashiw., Rinodina cf. oleae Bagl., Traponora aff. varians (Ach.) J. Kalb & Kalb (BDNA-L-0000668; GenBank MW832816 for ITS) .

Figures

Figure 5. Rinodina zeorina (BDNA-L- 0000933, holotype for A-G; BDNA-L- 0000668 for H-K) in morphology A-C habitus and apothecia on bark of Quercus mongolica. Thallus brownish and areolate and non-pruinose apothecia D well-developed amphithecium and pigmented hypothecium E epihymenium with brown pigment which extending to the cortical layer of amphithecium. Parathecium light brown at periphery F hypothecium with light (olive-) brown pigment G ascospores 1 - septate, Dirinaria - type but lumina angular to globose H habitus and apothecia on bark of Tilia amurensis. Thallus more grayish I apothecial section representing well-developed amphithecium and pigmented hypothecium J asci clavate with eight spores K ascospores 1 - septate, Dirinaria - type but lumina angular to globose. Scale bars: 1 mm (A-C); 200 μm (D); 50 μm (E, F); 10 μm (G); 1 mm (H); 200 μm (I); 10 μm (J, K).