Salcedia nigeriensis Alluaud, 1932

Balkenohl, Michael, 2020, A genus in disguise. Revision of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire, 1899 with descriptions of nine new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Salcediini), ZooKeys 901, pp. 1-81 : 1

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:843F6065-D00E-48E6-9A26-9CEB044BF102
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1C48FBD-2BFA-5BAE-B32E-68DD362ADB2D
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Salcedia nigeriensis Alluaud, 1932
status

Treatment

Salcedia nigeriensis Alluaud, 1932 View in CoL Figs 15 View Figures 14–19 , 33 View Figures 26–35 , 49 View Figures 44–51 , 59 View Figures 58–63 , 74 View Figures 68–76 , 84 View Figure 84

Salcedia schoutedeni ssp. nigeriensis Alluaud, 1932: 2; Salcedia schoutedeni var. nigeriensis Alluaud, 1932, Csiki 1933: 641; Salcedia schoutedeni nigeriensis Alluaud, 1932, Jeannel 1946: 233.

Salcedia nigeriense [sic!] Alluaud, 1932: Basilewsky 1973: 293.

Salcedia schoutedeni nigeriensis Alluaud, 1932: Reichardt 1975: 103.

Salcedia nigeriense [sic!] Alluaud, 1932: Dostal 1993: 121.

Salcedia nigeriensis Alluaud, 1930 [sic!]: Lorenz 2005: 155.

Type material.

Paratypes: 1 ♂, with labels and data: white, handwritten “Tillabéry Niger Alluaud XII.1930 h° 8." / white, "R. DÉT. 2019 c" / white, black framed, handwritten and printed "Schoutedeni ssp. nigeriensis All. Alluaud det. 1931" / red, black framed, printed “PARATYPE” / white, printed "COLL. MUS. CONGO" (MRACT); 1 ♀, same data but printed, handwritten “Tillabéry, Niger Ch. Alluaud, XII.1930" (MRACT); 1 spec., same data as before (MRACT); 3 specs. mounted on one card, one without head, with labels and data: white, handwritten in black ink "Gao bords du Niger I. 1931 (Alluaud)" / "Salcedia schoutedeni Subsp. nigeriensis Cotypes All. Alluaud det." (MNHN); 2 specs. mounted on one card, with labels and data: handwritten in black ink "Gao bords Niger no. 7" / white with red line: “co-type” / "white, handwritten and printed, black framed: " Salcedia schoutedeni v. nigeriensis Alluaud det. 1931" (MNHN); white, handwritten in black ink: "Tillabery Alluaud XII 1930" / "Salcedia schoutedeni ssp. nigeriensis Alluaud cotypes" / blue, printed "MUSEUM PARIS 1932 Ch Alluaud" (MNHN).

Additional material.

16 specs., SOUDAN FRANÇAIS Gao / MUSÉUM PARIS 12 - 1930 - VI - 1931 Ch. Alluaud & P. A. CHAPPUIS (MNHN, CBB); 1 spec., same data but add. label with: Salcedia nigeriense All. P. Basilewsky det., 19 " / COLL. MUS. CONGO Coll. P. Basilewsky (MRACT); 1 spec., Bords Niger près Ansongo –I– 1931 (Ch. Alluaud) MUSÉE DU CONGO / R. DÉT. 1944 E (MRACT); 1 ♂, Soudan franç.: Gao Alluaud - Chappuis; backside: don R. Jeannel, Jeannel Coll. P. Basilewsky / COLL. MUS. CONGO Coll. P. Basilewsky (MRACT);

Taxonomic remarks.

The holotype should be deposited in MNHN ( Alluaud 1932) but could not be located. However, there were seven specimens labelled by Alluaud as “Co-types” among the 23 specimens deposited in MNHN. The species was originally described as subspecies of Salcedia schoutedeni by Alluaud, 1932 from Gao. The labels of the type material with handwriting of Alluaud also indicate "Schoutedeni ssp. nigeriensis Alluaud". However, Basilewsky (1973) listed it as a species " Salcedia nigeriense Alluaud" without further comment. The material used by Basilewsky for his study contains a mixture of paratypes from Alluaud and material determined by Basilewsky which is labelled " Salcedia nigeriense All." in Basilewsky’s handwriting. Examination revealed all specimens are conspecific. So, it is presumed that “nigeriense” is a writing error by Basilewsky.

Diagnosis. A large sized species, with sub-elongate outline of the elytra with maximum width at middle and the pronotum with a short outer lateral carina near base. The pseudohumerus is rectangular and without distinctly projecting tooth. The antennomeres are elongate. Distinguished most clearly from the similar species S. schoutedeni by the pronotum with the lateral margin slightly convex but not converging anteriorly, the pseudohumerus of the elytron without distinctly projecting tooth, and the female coxostylus with eight large setae and without SSO. In addition, S. nigeriensis shows a distinctly erected tubercle on the frons of the head.

Redescription.

Measurements in Table 1 View Table 1 .

Colour and surface: Fuscous to griseous, shiny; top of carinae on head, pronotum and elytra as well as margins of pronotum and elytra opaque, covered with pale grey pili; legs and mandibles fuscous, antennae and palpi leoninous.

Head: Four-fifths of the pronotum width. Outline semi-circular. Clypeus wide, straight anteriorly, fused with clypeal wings, separated from supra-antennal plates by obtuse notches, with raised transverse field at middle, separated from frons by broad flattened shiny transverse furrow, frons with two raised paramedian carinae, joining anteriorly into a V-like keel, prolonged anteriorly into a central small but distinctly erected tubercle, with two small glossy teeth bilaterally anterior to central keel, with two indistinct short diverging carinae paralaterally at base. Frons separated from supraorbital plates by flattened broad furrows; with conspicuously deep and broad pit at front-eye level; supra-antennal and supraorbital plates margined, margin of supraorbital plate distinctly raised, carina-like, supra-antennal plates slightly vaulted. Basal border with narrow emargination at middle, nearly rectangular laterally (angle 96-98°). Eyes large, convex, genae slightly convex, both of them clearly visible from above, with ovoid shape in lateral view. Antenna with antennomeres five to ten elongate (L/W 1.24), densely pubescent, segments two to four scarcely pubescent, scapus with sub-elongate reticulation. Labrum slightly convex anteriorly. Mandible moderately short, wide, slightly arcuate at apex. Mentum small, without tooth at middle, epilobes wide, projecting and angled anteriorly, nearly completely margined, surface with indistinct pits, with isodiametric reticulation.

Pronotum (Fig. 33 View Figures 26–35 ): Outline rectangular, transverse, a third wider than long. Lateral margin slightly and regularly convex, maximum width at middle. Lateral margin distinctly crenulated, with 13-15 distinct tubercles, tubercle anterior basal angle larger, with two notches at posterior angles. Base straight laterally, with declining flat keel at middle pointing posteriorly. Disc slightly flattened in lateral view, with two distinctly raised paramedian carinae parallel to median line and diverging posteriorly, with median line long, broad anteriorly and narrow posteriorly, with two additional shorter carinae bilaterally at base, joining with the paramedian carinae and forming tooth-like tubercle at base pointing posteriorly, without anterior extension, without inner lateral carina, with very small and indistinct outer lateral carinae. All carinae sub-crenulate. Lateral margin broadly wing-like bent up, with six large and deep transverse pits, the basal ones partly separated into two smaller pits. Space between carinae and pits smooth.

Elytron (Fig. 49 View Figures 44–51 ): Flattened in anterior half (lateral view), convex in frontal view. Sub-elongate, slightly convex laterally but not diverging, maximum width at middle, slightly narrowed posterior pseudohumerus. Pseudohumerus rectangular, without distinctly projecting tooth. Apex rounded, with small but acute tooth at suture. Disc with interneur six sub-crenulate, interneur one slightly carinate in basal quarter, interneur three slightly carinate in whole length, interneur two running up to apex as slightly convex line, conspicuously raised, reaching apex; interneur four running in parallel to interneur six, reaching base, shortened at apex. Interneur five and six with two rows of serial pits partly merging transversally.

Hind wings: Fully developed.

Lower surface: Antennal channel of pronotum with isodiametric reticulation. Pseudoepipleura with a short row of pits, lateral margin of elytron sub-crenulate. Metepisternum elongate, with broad longitudinal groove. Metasternum, abdominal sternites one and five with numerous irregularly situated larger and smaller pits, sternite two to three smooth, with band of small punctures at middle. Last two abdominal sternites laterally with isodiametric reticulation, sternite one with sub-longitudinal reticulation, two with irregular reticulation. Sternum four to six slightly sulcate. Sternum six with hollowed out circular impression at apex.

Legs: Profemora with surface indistinctly reticulated. Protibia with robust, with moderately curved terminal spine, laterally with four teeth of decreasing size, the basal one with some distance from prebasal one, dorsally and ventrally with two carinae. First tarsomere distinctly elongated, as long as tarsomeres two to four together.

External sexual dimorphism: Not observed.

Male genitalia (Fig. 59 View Figures 58–63 ): Median lobe stout but moderately slender in middle part, in dorsal view moderately arcuate, strongly bent in apical third, in lateral view convex, with few fine pili laterally in apical third, apical part bent regularly ventrally, thickened towards apex, in cross section spatula-like and hollowed out dorsally, oval at apex. Oroficium small. Endophallus with bundle of longer microtrichia near oroficium, with additional longitudinal group of small microtrichia basally. Dorsal paramere relatively short, distinctly bisinuate, with elongated apophyses; ventral one shaped like a longitudinal spatula, with fine seta at apex; both parameres slightly distorted.

Female genitalia (Fig. 74 View Figures 68–76 ): Coxostylus slender, abruptly broadened to base, distinctly curved, acute at apex, with indistinct carina dorsally in apical third, at end of basal third with one strong and seven slender nematiform setae laterally.

Variation: The number of tubercles at the lateral margin of the pronotum varies from 13 to 15.

Distribution.

(Fig. 84 View Figure 84 ). Known from several localities at the middle course of the river Niger and its confluents in Mali and the west of Niger.

Remark.

There is one additional female specimen from a different collection location with label data "BURKINA FASO BOROMO 11°45'06"N, 2°50'56"W / 9 VII 2005 LEG: P. MORETTO LIGHT TRAP" (CBP). This specimen shares some but not all characters with S. nigeriensis Alluaud. More material and/or a male specimen from that locality are needed for a proper identification.